The document provides historical context from 1780 to 1886 including: - Key events, ideas, and people such as the Melting Pot concept in 1780, the Bessemer Process in 1857, and the Haymarket Affair in 1886. - Social movements and economic trends including urbanization in the 1860s, the Gilded Age following the Civil War, and the growth of industrialization and big business leaders like Rockefeller and Carnegie. - Important acts, laws, and policies like the Homestead Act of 1862 and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the 1870s. - The development of new technologies and infrastructure like the transcontinental railroad completed in 1869 and Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in the 1870

1. 1780 1827 1830
Melting Pot: A Socialism: any of
various theories or Sweat Shops: Any
mixture of people of
systems of social working environment
different cultures
organization in considered to be
and races who
which the means of unacceptably
blended together by
producing and difficult or
abandoning their
distributing goods. dangerous.
native langue's and
cultures.

2. 1850 1857 1859
Fredrick Law
Bessemer Process:
Olmstead: Famous Social Darwinism:
A cheapened
for co-desiging many an ideology of
efficient process for
well-known urban society that seeks
making steel
parks, including to apply biological
Central Park and concepts of
Prospector Park in Darwinism to
NYC sociology

3. 1860 1860 1860
Gilded Age: Period Urbanization:
Growth of cities, Patron Age: giving
following civil war,
mostly in the regions Government jobs to
late 1860’s to 1896
of the northeast and people who had
time of enormous
midwest helped a candidate
growth that attracted
get elected
millions from Europe

4. Homestead Act:
Provided 160 acres
in the west to who
was head of the
household and could
cultivate the land for
5 years.
1862 1863 1864
Anquel Island:
Asians and Chinese Sand Creek
arrived here. Massacre: The
Processing was attack at dawn on
similar to procedures November 29, 1864
at Ellis Island. killed over 150
people, mostly
women and children.

5. 1866 1867 1868
Oliver Kelly: Started
Buffalo Soldiers:
the patrons of Tammany Hall: Boss
Originally were
husbandry, an Tweed became
members of the US
organization for head of Tammany
10th cavalry regiment
farmers that became Hall, NYC’s most
of the US Army, powerful democratic
popularly known as
formed on
Grange. machine
September 21, 1866
at Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas

6. National Farmer’s
Alliance: Aquarian
economic movement
in the late
1800’s,decrease
debt, poverty, and
lower crop prices.
1869 1870 1870
Transcontinental Andrew Carnegie:
Railroad: Finished in Came to America in
1869. Project at 1848 at 12, one of
Union Pacific and the first industrial
Central Pacific. The moguls to make his
two lines met in own future, model of
Utah. American success.
Found the Carnegie
Steel Company in
the 1870’s

7. 1870 1871 1871
Chief Joseph:
John D. Rockefeller:
Leader of the Nez Exoduster: an
Established
Perce in their retreat African American
standard oil
from the United who migrated from
company in 1870,
States troops (1840- the south to Kansas
founded standard oil in the post
1904)
company and reconstruction years.
aggressively ran it
until he officially
retired in 1897.

8. 1871 1875 1876
Tweed Ring: Southern Alliance:
Assume major Battle of Little Big
Convicted for
proportions till 1886. Horn: On June 25,
stealing an amount
Fed up with share and 26 of 1876, it
estimated between
cropping. was the most
$25 million and $45
prominent action of
million form NYC the great Sioux War
taxpayers through of 1876.It was an
political corruption.
overwhelming victory
for the Lakota.

9. Jim Crow Laws:
State and local laws
that mandated racial
segregation in all
public facilities in
southern states.
1876 1876 1879
Telephone:
Alexander Graham
Developed in mid-
Bell: inventor of the
1870’s by Alexander
telephone
Graham Bell. People
used it to
communicate with
each other. We still
use it today.

10. 1879 1879 1880
Thomas Alva
Nez Perce: Native
Edison: Established Dumbbell
American people,
the worlds first Tenements: were
descended from Old
research laboratory cheap housing units
Cardilleran Culture.
in Menlo Park, NJ. created when cities
They currently live in
There he perfected became packed with
reservations in
the Incandescent people during the
Idaho.
light bulb-pattented industrial revolution.
in 1880- and later They were called
invented an entire dumbbell tenements
system for producing because the design
and distributing of the building,
electrical power. which looked like a
dumbbell, had many
housing units
sharing a corridor.

11. Mail-order catalog- a
term which
describes the buying
of goods or services
by mail delivery.
1880 1880 1881
Vaudeville: a type of
Settlement house:
entertainment
community centers
popular in the U.S.
in slum
in the early 20th
neighborhoods the
centenary featuring
provide assistance
a mixture of
to people in the area
specialty act such as
especially
burlesque.
immigrants.

12. 1883 1884 1885
Mugwumps:
Joseph Pulitzer: a
Republican political Eugene V. Debs: An
Hungarian immigrant
activists who bolted American union
who had bought the
from the US leader, one of the
New York World in
Republican party by founding member of
1883 the Industrial
supporting
Democratic Workers of the
candidate Grover World and several
Cleveland in the US time the candidate
election in 1884. of the Socialist Party
of America. He was
in office from 1885-
1889

13. Haymarket Affair:
Refers to the
aftermath of a
bombing that took
place at a labor
demonstration on
Tuesday May 4,
1886 in Chicago.
1886 1886 1886
Samuel Gompers:
Colored Farmer’s
Led the cigar
Alliance: black and
markers
white farmers faced
international union
problems with
to join with the craft
decreasing profits,
unions in 1886.
so the black made
their own
organization on
December 11, 1886

14. 1887 1888 1890
Dawes Act: A law George Eastman:
invented roll film, Wounded Knee: The
enacted in 1887,
helping bring massacre by US
that was intended to
photography Soldiers of 300
“Americanize” Native
mainstream. unarmed Native
Americans by
Americans at
distributing Wounded Knee
reservation land to Creek, SD.
individual owners.

15. 1890 1890 1890
Booker T.
Sherman Antitrust
Washington: Grandfather Clause:
Act: July 2, 1890
Believed racism sated that even if a
Prohibits certain
would end once man failed the
business activities
blacks acquired literacy test or could
that reduce not afford poll tax,
useful labor skills
competition in the
and proved their he was still entitled
market place and
economic value to to vote if he, his
requires US Federal
society. By 1881 he father, or his
Government to
headed Tuskeque grandfather had
investigate trust and
University been eligible to vote
organizations before January 1,
suspected of being 1867.
in violation.

16. 1891 1892 1894
Ellis Island: About
Collective
20% of immigrants Pullman Strike:
Bargaining: First
here ere detained Nationwide conflict
used in 1891 by
for a day or more between the new
economic theorist
before being American railway
Beatrice Webb,
inspected. 1) pass union and railroads
however, collective
physical exam 2) if that occurred in the
negotiations and
passed they went to US in summer 1894.
agreements had
a government Shut down much of
existed since the
inspector. 1892- the nation freight
rise of trade unions
1924 this was an and passenger
during 18th
immigrant station. traffic west of
centenary. Detroit.

17. 1895 1895 1896
William Randolph
W.E.B. Dubois: the
Hearst: Wealthy, William McKinley:
first African
purchased New York 1896 Republican
American to receive
morning Journal in candidate. 25th
a doctorate from
1895 President of the
Harvard in 1895. United States.

18. 1896 1897 1901
Plessy vs. Ferguson: Ragtime: Music
characterized by a Orville and Wilbur
Supreme court ruled
syncopated melodic Wright: Makers of
that the separation
line, evolved by the first plane, the
of races in public
black American firs successful flight
accommodations
musicians in the on December 17,
was legal and did
1890’s. 1903, at Kitty Hawk,
not violate the 14th NC. Covered 120
amendment.
feet and lasted 12
seconds.

19. 1903 1911 1917
George
Political machine:
Westinghouse: Literacy Test: used
Offered services to
Received the AIEE’s to make sure people
voters and business
Edison Medal for could read before
in exchange for
meritorious they signed up to
political or financial
achievement in vote.
support.
connection with
development of the
alternating current
system.

20. 1917 1931
Jane Adams: One of
Poll tax: an annual
the most influential
tax that had to be
of the settlement
paid before
house movement.
qualifying to vote.
First women to win
Nobel prize.