The document summarizes key events and people from the mid-19th century United States Industrial Revolution and Gilded Age. It describes innovations like the Bessemer Process that advanced steel production. It discusses laws like the Homestead Act that gave settlers land ownership. Influential figures included landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Buffalo Soldiers regiments, and labor leader Samuel Gompers. Events involved political machines like Tammany Hall and corruption like the Tweed Ring. Inventions by people such as George Westinghouse, Thomas Edison, and Alexander Graham Bell advanced technology. Native American resistance included the Battle of Little Bighorn and Chief Joseph's Nez Perce. The period saw immense industrial growth and wealth accumulation by

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2. Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16
Bessemer Process  A cheep Homesteaders and Homestead Act
and efficient process for making  Several US laws that gave an
steel, developed 1855 by british applicant ownership of land, typically
manufacturer Henry Bessemer called a “homestead” at little or no cost.
and American ironmaker William A homesteader had to be the head of
Kelly. The technenique involved the household and 21 years old. They
injecting air into molten iron to must have built a home, and farmed for
rempver the carbon and other 5 years.
impurities
1855 1857 1862
Fredrick Law Olmsted
 Landscape architect
who helped draw up a
plan for “Greensward”
which was selected to
become Central Park in
NYC

3. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsc
a.11352/
Buffalo Soldiers 
members of the U.S 10th
Cavalry Regiment of the
U.S Army formed
September 21, 1866 at Fort
Leavenworth, Kansas. First
peace time all-black
http://electronicvalley.org/derby/q
regiments.
uiz/2006/gompersquiz.htm
1866
Samual Gompers  Led Cigar
Makers’ International Union to join with
other craft Unions. American
Federation of Labor focused on
collective bargaining to reach
agreements on wages, hours, and
working conditions.

4. Tammany Hall
New York City’s
powerful
Democratic political
machine headed by
Boss Tweed
1867 1868
Oliver Kelly and Grange
Kelly started the Patrons of Tweed Ring
Husbandry that became Corrupt organization
popularly known at Grange. that Boss Tweed ran
Grange was to provide a
social outlet and an
educational forum for
isolated farm families.

5. Kickback Jacob Riis At 21 he left his
overpayment of native Denmark for the U.S. He
government money found work as a police reporter
that was which exposed him to NYC’s
:kickbacked” to slums where he was shocked at
government the conditions in the
officials. overcrowded, airless, filthy
tenements. He expressed these
hardships through writing.
1870
John D. Rockefeller Established the standard
oil company and used a trust to gain total control of
the oil industry in America. In the 1880’s, he was in
control of over 90% of the oil refining business in
Ohio. He gave away over $500 million, establishing
the Rockefeller Foundation, providing funds to
found the University of Chicago, and creating a
medical institute that helped find a cure for yellow
fever. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/mse/photos/q
uestion3.html

6. George Westinghouse
Entrepreneur and engineer who
invented the railway air brake
and pioneer of the Electrical
industry. Westinghouse Electric
Corporation. Patented the Air
brake on October 28, 1873
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica
/whomade/westinghouse_hi.html
1873 1876
George Armstrong Custer and The
Battle of Little Big Horn Custer
reported in 1874 that the Black Hills had
lots of gold. In June 1876,Colonel
Custer and his troops reached the Little
Big Horn River where they met Native
Americans. The Indians crushed
Custer’s troops killing all of them within
an hour. The Native Americans were led
by Crazy Horse, Gall, and Sitting bull.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexp This battle also became known as
erience/films/custer/ Custer’s Last Stand.

7. Thomas Alva Edison 
Thomas Alva Edison 
Established the world’s first
Established the world’s first
research laboratory in Menlo
research laboratory in Menlo
Park, New Jersey. He perfected
Park, New Jersey. He perfected
the incandescent light-bulb
the incandescent light-bulb
patented in 1880 and invented
patented in 1880 and invented
an entire system for producing
an entire system for producing
and distributing electrical power.
and distributing electrical power.
http://www.worthview.com/thomas-edison-
inspirational-quotes/
1876
Alexander Graham Bell and
Alexander Graham Bell and
the Telephone Bell invented
the Telephone Bell invented
the telephone along with
the telephone along with
Thomas Watson in 1876. The
Thomas Watson in 1876. The
telephone opened the way for a
telephone opened the way for a
worldwide communication
worldwide communication
network. It also created new
network. It also created new
jobs for women.
jobs for women.
http://iwritearticle.com/

8. Nez Perce Native American
Nez Perce Native American
Chief Joseph Succeeded his
Chief Joseph Succeeded his people who live in the Pacific
people who live in the Pacific
father as the leader of the
father as the leader of the Northwest region of the US. In
Northwest region of the US. In
Wallowa band of the Nez Perce
Wallowa band of the Nez Perce 1877 they were ordered to a
1877 they were ordered to a
when the US government
when the US government reservation and refused to go.
reservation and refused to go.
forcibly removed them from
forcibly removed them from They fled to Canada and fought
They fled to Canada and fought
their land in Wallowa Valley to a
their land in Wallowa Valley to a U.S Army along the way. After 5
U.S Army along the way. After 5
reservation in Idaho. . .
reservation in Idaho. days of fighting, 431 Nez Perce
days of fighting, 431 Nez Perce
remained after being defeated..
remained after being defeated..
1877
Gilded Age The period following the Civil
Gilded Age The period following the Civil
War, running from the late 1860’s to about
War, running from the late 1860’s to about
Vanderbilt Family American
Vanderbilt Family American 1896. a time of enormous growth, railroads
1896. a time of enormous growth, railroads
family of railroad who became
family of railroad who became being the major industry. The North and
being the major industry. The North and
socially prominent during the
socially prominent during the West thrived while the South remained
West thrived while the South remained
first half of the 19ththcentury.
first half of the 19 century. economically devastated. African Americans
economically devastated. African Americans
Their fortune was established
Their fortune was established were stripped of many rights. Dominate
were stripped of many rights. Dominate
by the Shipping and Railroad
by the Shipping and Railroad issues included rights for black, tariff policy
issues included rights for black, tariff policy
industry. The Vanderbilt’s where
industry. The Vanderbilt’s where and monetary policy. Reformers works for
and monetary policy. Reformers works for
the 7ththwealthiest family in
the 7 wealthiest family in various causes. . .
various causes.
history. . .
history.

9. Wild Bill Hickok
Wild Bill Hickok
Served as a scout
Served as a scout
and a spy during the
and a spy during the
Civil War and Later
Civil War and Later
as a marshal in
as a marshal in
Abilene, Kansas.
Abilene, Kansas.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_T._
Washington
1879 1880 1881
Booker T Washington a
Booker T Washington a
prominent African American
prominent African American
Sweat Shop Negatively
Sweat Shop Negatively educator who believed that
educator who believed that
connotative term for any
connotative term for any racism would end once blacks
racism would end once blacks
working environment
working environment acquired useful labor skills and
acquired useful labor skills and
considered to be unacceptably
considered to be unacceptably proved the economic value to
proved the economic value to
difficult or dangerous.
difficult or dangerous. society. He headed the
society. He headed the
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial
Institute in Alabama.
Institute in Alabama.

10. Joseph Pulitzer A Hungarian
Joseph Pulitzer A Hungarian
immigrant who had bought the
immigrant who had bought the
New York World in 1883 and
New York World in 1883 and
pioneered popular innovations.
pioneered popular innovations.
These included a large Sunday
These included a large Sunday
edition, comics, sports coverage,
edition, comics, sports coverage,
and women’s news.
and women’s news.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer
1883
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Pendleton Civil Service Act
A law enacted in 1883 that
A law enacted in 1883 that
established a bipartisan civil
established a bipartisan civil
service commission to make
service commission to make
appointments to government
appointments to government
jobs by means of the merit
jobs by means of the merit
system based on candidates’
system based on candidates’
performance on an examination.
performance on an examination.

11. Mugwumps Republican
Mugwumps Republican
political activist who bolted form
political activist who bolted form
the Republican Party by
the Republican Party by
supporting Democratic candidate
supporting Democratic candidate
Grover Cleveland in the U.S
Grover Cleveland in the U.S
They switched because they
They switched because they
rejected the financial corruption
rejected the financial corruption
associated with Republican
associated with Republican
candidate James G. Blain.
candidate James G. Blain.
1884 1885
Mark Twain Novelist and
Mark Twain Novelist and
humorist who inspired a host of
humorist who inspired a host of
other young artist when he
other young artist when he
declared his independence of
declared his independence of
“literature and all that bosh”. His
“literature and all that bosh”. His
novels became classics.
novels became classics.
February 1885 his novel the
February 1885 his novel the
http://meganw1213.edublogs.org/2013/02/ Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
25/theme-from-the-adventures-of- was published.
was published.
huckleberry-finn/

12. Haymarket Affair On May 4thth,
Haymarket Affair On May 4 ,
1886, 3,000 people gathered at
1886, 3,000 people gathered at
Chicago’s Haymarket square to
Chicago’s Haymarket square to
protest police. Someone tossed
protest police. Someone tossed
a bomb in the police line. 7 Scabs Derogatory
Scabs Derogatory
a bomb in the police line. 7
police and several workers died. name used to describe
name used to describe
police and several workers died.
3 speakers and 5 radical people who would cross
people who would cross
3 speakers and 5 radical
republicans were charged with the picket-line and end the
the picket-line and end the
republicans were charged with
inciting riot, all 8 convicted. 4 strike.
strike.
inciting riot, all 8 convicted. 4
were hung and 1 committed
were hung and 1 committed
suicide in prison.
suicide in prison.
1886
Settlement House A
Settlement House A
community center providing
community center providing
assistance to residents,
assistance to residents,
particularly immigrants, in a slum
particularly immigrants, in a slum
neighborhood. Run largely by
neighborhood. Run largely by
middle class, college- educated
middle class, college- educated
women. These houses provided
women. These houses provided
educational, cultural, and social
educational, cultural, and social
http://www.scribe.org/events/streetmovies!
services. Founded by Charles
services. Founded by Charles
undercover
Stover and Stanton Ciot in NYC.
Stover and Stanton Ciot in NYC.

13. George Eastman
George Eastman
Dawes Act A law
Dawes Act A law Developed a series of more
Developed a series of more
that was intended to
that was intended to convenient alternatives to
convenient alternatives to
“Americanize” Native
“Americanize” Native heavy glass plates previously
heavy glass plates previously
Americans by
Americans by used in photography.
used in photography.
distributing reservation
distributing reservation Photographers could use
Photographers could use
land individual Native
land individual Native flexible film and send ititto a
flexible film and send to a
American owners.
American owners. studio for processing. He
studio for processing. He
introduced the Kodak Camera.
introduced the Kodak Camera.
1887 1888 1889
Interstate Commerce
Interstate Commerce
Commission Regulatory body
Commission Regulatory body
in the U.S. created by the
in the U.S. created by the
interstate commerce act of 1887. Jane Adams An influential
Jane Adams An influential
interstate commerce act of 1887.
Original purpose was to regulate member of the Social Gospel
member of the Social Gospel
Original purpose was to regulate
railroads to ensure fair rates, movement who founded
movement who founded
railroads to ensure fair rates,
eliminate race discrimination and Chicago’s Hull House in 1889.
Chicago’s Hull House in 1889.
eliminate race discrimination and
regulate other aspects of
regulate other aspects of
common carriers.
common carriers.

14. Wounded Knee On Dec. 28
Wounded Knee On Dec. 28
Sherman Antitrust act and
Sherman Antitrust act and the 7ththcavalry rounded up 350
the 7 cavalry rounded up 350
Monopoly A law enacted that
Monopoly A law enacted that starving and freezing Sioux and
starving and freezing Sioux and
was intended to prevent the
was intended to prevent the took them to camp at Wounded
took them to camp at Wounded
creation of monopolies,
creation of monopolies, Knee Creek at South Dakota.
Knee Creek at South Dakota.
complete control over it’s
complete control over it’s Next day, Native Americans
Next day, Native Americans
industry’s production, wages,
industry’s production, wages, were forced to hand over
were forced to hand over
and prices, by making ititillegal to
and prices, by making illegal to weapons. Shot was fired. The 7thth
weapons. Shot was fired. The 7
establish trusts that interfered
establish trusts that interfered cavalry slaughtered 300 mostly
cavalry slaughtered 300 mostly
with free trade.
with free trade. unarmed Native Americans.
unarmed Native Americans.
1890
Literacy Tests Voting Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws
Literacy Tests Voting
restrictions imposed in the Laws enacted by
Laws enacted by
restrictions imposed in the
Southern States to limit Southern States and
Southern States and
Southern States to limit
blacks’ votes. The test for local governments to
local governments to
blacks’ votes. The test for
blacks were very hard and separate white and
separate white and
blacks were very hard and
sometimes in different black people in public
black people in public
sometimes in different
languages. Officials could and private facilities.
and private facilities.
languages. Officials could
pass or fail applicants as they
pass or fail applicants as they
wished.
wished.

15. Collective Bargaining A
Collective Bargaining A
process of negotiations
process of negotiations
between employers and a
between employers and a
group of employees aimed at
group of employees aimed at
reaching agreements that
reaching agreements that
regulate working conditions.
regulate working conditions. http://www.muthstruths.com/2011/08/2
5/collective-bargains-should-be-ratified-
collectively/
1891
Populist A supporter of
Populist A supporter of
populism, a political
populism, a political
philosophy urging social and
philosophy urging social and
political systems change that
political systems change that
favors “the people” over “the
favors “the people” over “the
Elites”. Short lived political
Elites”. Short lived political
party in the U.S established in
party in the U.S established in
1891.
1891.

16. Omaha Platform Party program
Omaha Platform Party program
adopted at the convention of the
adopted at the convention of the Ida B. Wells Born into slavery
Ida B. Wells Born into slavery
Populist Party held in Omaha,
Populist Party held in Omaha, shortly before emancipation, she
shortly before emancipation, she
Nebraska on July 4thth.Preamble was
Nebraska on July 4 . Preamble was moved Memphis in the early
moved Memphis in the early
written by Ignatius L. Donnelly. The
written by Ignatius L. Donnelly. The 1880’s to work as a teacher. She
1880’s to work as a teacher. She
planks represented the Farmers’
planks represented the Farmers’ later became editor of a local
later became editor of a local
Alliance concerns. Free-currency
Alliance concerns. Free-currency paper. The events of march 9thth
paper. The events of march 9
monetarism, and endorsing the goals
monetarism, and endorsing the goals when 3 young blacks were
when 3 young blacks were
of the Urban Knights of Labor.
of the Urban Knights of Labor. lynched she ended up reporting
lynched she ended up reporting
about it.
about it.
1892
Ellis Island Immigrants had to
Ellis Island Immigrants had to
pass inspections at immigration
pass inspections at immigration
stations. About 20% of the
stations. About 20% of the
immigrants at Ellis Island were
immigrants at Ellis Island were
detained for at least a day before
detained for at least a day before
being inspected but only about
being inspected but only about
2% were denied entry. The had
2% were denied entry. The had
medical examinations,
medical examinations,
government inspections. About
government inspections. About http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/flowerssh
17 million passed through.
17 million passed through. ow/166461496.html

17. George Pullman and the Pullman Strike Inventor and
George Pullman and the Pullman Strike Inventor and
industrialist who invented the Pullman sleeping car and
industrialist who invented the Pullman sleeping car and
“Palace cars”. Biggest single employer of Blacks in post civil
“Palace cars”. Biggest single employer of Blacks in post civil
war America. He owned a plant near Chicago. When business
war America. He owned a plant near Chicago. When business
fell in 1894, Pullman cut jobs and wages and increased
fell in 1894, Pullman cut jobs and wages and increased
working hours in order to lower costs and keep profits, but not
working hours in order to lower costs and keep profits, but not
rents or prices in his town. His workers launched a strike
rents or prices in his town. His workers launched a strike
which was eventually broken up by federal troops.
which was eventually broken up by federal troops.
1894
Andrew Carnegie Born in
Andrew Carnegie Born in
Scotland to poor parents, moved to
Scotland to poor parents, moved to Eugene VS. Debs attempted
Eugene VS. Debs attempted
America at age of 12. Six years
America at age of 12. Six years to form an industrial union-
to form an industrial union-
later he worked his way up to
later he worked his way up to American Railway Union. Union
American Railway Union. Union
becoming a private secretary to the
becoming a private secretary to the members were mostly unskilled
members were mostly unskilled
local superintendent of
local superintendent of and semiskilled laborers, but
and semiskilled laborers, but
Pennsylvania Railroad. Entered the
Pennsylvania Railroad. Entered the engineers and firemen joined
engineers and firemen joined
steel business in 1873 and founded
steel business in 1873 and founded too. 1894, the new union won a
too. 1894, the new union won a
a successful Carnegie Steel
a successful Carnegie Steel strike for higher wages.
strike for higher wages.
Factory. Donated 90% of his
Factory. Donated 90% of his Membership grew to 150,000
Membership grew to 150,000
wealth.
wealth.

18. Grandfather Clause Southern
Grandfather Clause Southern
starts added the grandfather clause
starts added the grandfather clause
to their constitution. It started that
to their constitution. It started that
even ififa man failed the literacy test
even a man failed the literacy test
or could not afford the poll tax, he
or could not afford the poll tax, he
was still entitled to vote ififhe, his
was still entitled to vote he, his
father, or his grandfather had been
father, or his grandfather had been
eligible to vote before Jan. 1stst,1867.
eligible to vote before Jan. 1 , 1867.
Before that date, freed slaves did
Before that date, freed slaves did
not have the right to vote.
not have the right to vote.
1895
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst W.E.B Dubois The first African
W.E.B Dubois The first African
Purchased the New York
Purchased the New York American to receive a doctorate
American to receive a doctorate
Morning Journal in 1895, also
Morning Journal in 1895, also from Harvard in 1895 who strongly
from Harvard in 1895 who strongly
owned the San Francisco
owned the San Francisco disagreed with Washington’s
disagreed with Washington’s
Examiner. He tried to out do his
Examiner. He tried to out do his gradual approach to end racism. In
gradual approach to end racism. In
competitor Pulitzer by filling the
competitor Pulitzer by filling the 1905,he founded the Niagara
1905,he founded the Niagara
Journal with exaggerated tales
Journal with exaggerated tales Movement which insisted that
Movement which insisted that
of personal scandals, cruelty,
of personal scandals, cruelty, blacks should seek a liberal arts
blacks should seek a liberal arts
hypnotism, and imaginary
hypnotism, and imaginary education so that the black
education so that the black
conquest of Mars.
conquest of Mars. community would have well
community would have well
educated leaders.
educated leaders.

19. William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley In the 1896
William McKinley In the 1896 Former Nebraska Congressmen
Former Nebraska Congressmen
presidential campaign, the
presidential campaign, the and editor of the Omaha World
and editor of the Omaha World
republican party stated its fir,
republican party stated its fir, Herald. He delivered the “Cross
Herald. He delivered the “Cross
commitment to the gold standard
commitment to the gold standard of Gold” speech at the
of Gold” speech at the
and nominated McKinley from
and nominated McKinley from Democratic convention in 1896
Democratic convention in 1896
Ohio. He got about 7 million
Ohio. He got about 7 million and won the Democratic
and won the Democratic
votes and carried the East. Won
votes and carried the East. Won nomination. He faced a difficult
nomination. He faced a difficult
the Election.
the Election. campaign due to the lack of
campaign due to the lack of
support and funds.
support and funds.
1896
Plessy VS. Ferguson The
Plessy VS. Ferguson The
supreme court ruled that the
supreme court ruled that the
separation of races in a public
separation of races in a public
place was legal and did not
place was legal and did not
violate the 14ththAmendment.
violate the 14 Amendment.
“Separate-but-equal” did not
“Separate-but-equal” did not
violate the Constitution.
violate the Constitution.

20. Angle Island Immigrants from
Angle Island Immigrants from
Asia-primarily China- arrived on
Asia-primarily China- arrived on
the West Coast and gained
the West Coast and gained
Debt Peonage A
Debt Peonage A admission at Angle Island in San
admission at Angle Island in San
system in which workers
system in which workers Francisco bay. Between 1910
Francisco bay. Between 1910
are bound in servitude
are bound in servitude and 1940, about 20,000 Chinese
and 1940, about 20,000 Chinese
until their debt are paid
until their debt are paid immigrants entered the United
immigrants entered the United
to the employer.
to the employer. States through Angle Island.
States through Angle Island.
Procedures were similar to those
Procedures were similar to those
at Ellis Island.
at Ellis Island.
1902 1903 1910
Orville and Wilbur Wright In
Orville and Wilbur Wright In
the early 20th century, brothers
the early 20th century, brothers
Orville and Wilbur bicycle
Orville and Wilbur bicycle
manufactures from Daton, Ohio
manufactures from Daton, Ohio
worked on planes. First they built
worked on planes. First they built
a glider, then a 4 cylinder internal
a glider, then a 4 cylinder internal
combustion engine. Their first
combustion engine. Their first
successful flight was on Dec. 17th
successful flight was on Dec. 17th
1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC. It covered
1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC. It covered
http://gimnasio-
120 feet and lasted 12 seconds.
120 feet and lasted 12 seconds.
altair.com/webquest/flight/introduction.html