ashwagandha

1. LESSON PLAN
KLESCOPH
SHRI.R.V.SAVADI
SUBJECT: INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSY
DEPARTMENT: PHARMACOGNOSY & PHYTOCHEMISTRY.
For more details visit:
http://www.ashwagandha.tk
CHAPTER: INTRODUCTION, IMPORTANCE AND STATUS OF HERBAL
MEDICINES AND COSMETICS.
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 3
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 3
Prerequiste:
Student needs to understand the importance of herbal drugs.
OBJECTIVE:
a) To know and understand significance of herbal medicines and
cosmetics
b) To be aware of plant based industries and institutions involved in
work on medicinal and aromatic plants.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black Board and chalk pieces.
b) OHP projector.
REFERENCES
1. Text of pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis.
2. Text of pharmacognosy by Kokate and Purohit.
3. Pharmacognosy by S.S Honda and V.K.Kapoor.
4. Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans
MODEL QUESTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) Define Herbal medicines and cosmetics.
2) Name marketed herbal cosmetics and their uses.
3) Enlist various marketed herbal formulations along with their uses.
5 marks questions

2. 4) Explain the significance and present status of herbal medicines and
cosmetics?
5) Give an account of plant based industries and institutions involved in
work on medicinal and aromatic plants.
CHAPTER : PHYTO PHARMACEUTICALS
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 10
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 12
PREREQUISITE:
Students need to know the general methods of Isolation, Identification and
Estimation of phytoconstituents.
OBJECTIVE:
a) To know various methods available to isolate, identify and estimate
phytoconstituents.
b) To know possible modification that can be done to isolate, identify
and estimate phytoconstituents.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
REFERENCES
1) Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans.
2) Pharmacognosy (Phtyochemistry of Medicinal plants) by J.Bruneton.
3) Modern methods of Plant analysis by Peach and Tracy.
4) Indian Herbal Pharamacopeia Vol I & II by CSIR,RRL.
5) Isolation and Identification of Drugs By Clarke.
6) Phytochemical methods by J.B.Harbone.
7) Standardization of Botanicals by Dr. V.Rajpal.
MODEL QUESTIONS:
2 marks questions.
1. Enlist general methods of isolation, identity and estimation of
phytoconstituents.
2. Explain how modification can be done to the existing method to
isolate a phytoconstituents.
3. Mention the identification tests for Rutin?
4. Give a method of isolation of Glycyrrhizin?
5 marks questions.
1. Describe in detail the isolation and estimation of Quinine? 5
2. Write the different methods of Estimation of Cardiac Glycosides? 5
10 marks questions.

3. 1. Write in detail Isolation,Identification and Estimation of Calcium
Sennsosides?
2. Explain various methods available to Identify the following.
a) Andrographolides b) Gymnemic acid c) Withanolides
d) Asiaticoside e) Citrus bioflavonoids.
CHAPTER : HERBAL FORMULATIONS
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 6
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 7
PREREQUISITE:
Students need to understand the basic concepts of AYUSH and Chinese
medicine.
OBJECTIVE:
a) To understand the role of Herbs in Cosmetics.
b) To understand the basic principles involved in the preparation of
Formulation in Ayurveda.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
REFERENCES
1) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants by R.N. Chopra.
2) Herbal Beauty products by Vaidy Asharan
3) Indian Ayudrvedic Pharmacopoeia
4) Ayurvedic formulary
MODEL QUESTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) Give the basic principle of Ayurvedic system of medicine.
2) How do Siddha and Unani Systems of medicine differ in their basic
concepts?
5 marks questions
1) Describe in detail the basic principle involved in Chinese and
Homeopathy systems of medicines?
2) Give the preparation of Aristas, Asava, Ghutica, Taila.
3) Write a note on Role of herbs in Cosmetics with examples?
4) Explain the preparation of Churna, Leha and Bhasma?
5) Write in detail the role of Amla, Henna, Hibiscus, and Tea in

4. Formulation of Hair Conditioners?
CHAPTER : STANDARDISATION
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 12
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 14
PREREQUISITE:
Students need to know the general methods of Standardization of Raw
materials extracts, and Formulations.
OBJECTIVE:
a) To study various methods available to evaluate raw materials extracts,
and Formulations.
b) To understand WHO Guidelines for the assessment of Herbal
preparations.
c) To learn about modern methods available for analysis of herbal
preparations.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
REFERENCES
1) Quality Control of Herbal Drugs By Dr.Pulok K. Mukherji.
2) Pharmacognosy( Phtyochemistry of Medicinal plants) by J.Bruneton.
3) Indian Herbal Pharamacopeia Vol I & II by CSIR,RRL.
4) Standardization of Botanicals by Dr. V.Rajpal.
5) Quality Control of Herbal Drugs by WHO Guidelines .
6) Pharmacopeial Standards of Herbal Plants Vol I and II, By
C.R.Karnick.
7) WHO Guidelines Book
MODEL QUESTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) How do you standardize vasaka extract?
2) What is quantitative microscopy? Explain.
3) How do you identify Arsenic in herbal preparations?
4) How will you Standardize Punarnava extract?
5 marks questions

5. 1) Write a note on importance of Standardization of Raw materials and
Formulations with examples?
2) Describe in detail WHO guidelines for assessment of crude drugs?
3) Write a note on Standardization of crude drugs by HPLC and HPTLC
with suitable examples?
4) How will you determine the alcohol content in Aristas and Asavas?
10 marks questions
1) Write a note on Standardization of following crude drugs.
a) Ashwagandha
b) Bhrami.
c) Phyllanthus.
d) Tinospora Cordifolia.
e) Vasaca.
2) Write a note on different methods used to detect and estimate the
amount of Heavy metals in Herbal preparations?
CHAPTER : PATENTING OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 2
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 2
PREREQUISITE:
Students need to know about patents.
OBJECTIVE:
To understand significance of patenting.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
REFERENCES
1) Patents by N. R. Subbaram
2) Journal articles
MODEL QUESTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) Define Patent? What are the salient features of Patents? 5
2) How do you register for a patent? Explain.
3) Given an account of different types of patents.

6. CHAPTER : PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 7
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 10
PREREQUISITE:
Students need to know the basic applications of tissue culture.
OBJECTIVE:
a) To learn different methods used to improve quality of medicinal
plants.
b) To study and understand various tissue culture techniques and their
applications.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
|
REFERENCES
1) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit
2) Cell biology by powar
3) Biotechnology by mathur & purohit
4) Biotechnology by mohan arora
5) Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology by J.E. Robbers & Tyler
6) Tissue Culture and Plant Science by H.E. Street
MODEL QUESTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) Elaborate the terms polyploidy, mutation and hybridization.
2) Give an account of different classes of tissue culture.
5 marks questions
1) Explain biotransformation and immobilization of cells and enzymes.
2) Summarize various applications of plant biotechnology.
3) Explain the commercial production of shikonin.
10 marks question
1) Explain various methods available for Gene transfer in plants.
2) How do you make use of various tissue culture techniques to increase
the production of secondary metabolites?
CHAPTER : ENZYME BIOTECHNOLOGY

7. No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 5
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 7
PREREQUISITE:
Students need to know general information regarding enzymes.
OBJECTIVE:
a) To study different methods available for isolation, purification of
enzymes.
b) To study method of preparation and applications of enzymes.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
REFERENCES
1) Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit
2) Pharmacognosy by Purohit
3) Pharmaconosy by Trease and Evans
MODEL QUISTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) What are enzymes? Give an account of their characters.
2) Name different enzyme reactors with neat diagrams.
5 marks questions
1) Explain the general methods for the isolation and purification of
enzymes.
2) Explain the applications of immobosised enzymes.
3) Write notes on plant enzymes – Papain and Bromelain
4) Explain the manufacture and applications of Streptokinase and
Asparginase.
5) Give the applications of enzymes in drug analysis and drug
manufacture.
CHAPTER : STUDY OF TRADITIONAL DRUGS
No of hours required as per RGUHS syllabus: 3
No of hours required as per Lesson plan: 3

8. PREREQUISITE:
Students need to know general information regarding morphological features
and local names of traditional drugs.
OBJECTIVE:
To learn vernacular names, source, active constituents and uses of traditional
drugs.
RESOURCES:
TEACHING AIDS
a) Black board and chalk piece
b) OHP
REFERENCES
1) Indian Medicinal Plants by Kirtikar and Basu
2) Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans.
3) Wealth of India
4) Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants by R.N. Chopra
5) South Indian Medicinal Plants by Dr. Yoga Narsimhan
MODEL QUISTIONS:
2 marks questions
1) Give the common &vernacular names, source, active constituents &
uses of Tylophora and Apamarg.
2) Write on Shelajit.
3) Give active constituents uses of Bilva and Guduchi.
4) Give vernacular names source and uses of Shatavari, Leshsun, Kavera
& Gokhru.