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The document discusses several application layer protocols in the OSI model including HTTP, SMTP, DNS, and others. It provides details on HTTP such as its client-server architecture using TCP, common request methods like GET and POST, and default port 80. It encourages exercises using tools like telnet and Wireshark to explore HTTP requests and responses. SMTP and DNS are also introduced along with instructions to experiment sending email and performing DNS lookups to better understand these protocols.














