This document discusses Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) and research being done on it at ITEC. It introduces DASH and motivates the need for a standard. It describes a DASH dataset that was created to enable objective evaluation and the DASHEncoder used to generate content. Research on peer-assisted DASH and evaluating DASH under vehicular mobility is summarized. Finally, it provides an overview of DASH research and activities at ITEC, including publications, tools developed and statistics on usage of the ITEC DASH website.
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a
convenient approach to transfer videos in an adaptive and
dynamic way to the user. As a consequence, this system
provides high bandwidth flexibility and is especially
suitable for mobile use cases where the bandwidth variations
are tremendous. In this paper we have integrated the
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extensions of the Advanced
Video Coding (AVC) standard into the recently ratified
MPEG-DASH standard. Furthermore, we have evaluated
our solution under restricted conditions using bandwidth
traces from mobile environments and compared it with an
improved version of our MPEG-DASH implementation
using AVC as well as major industry solutions.
A PROXY EFFECT ANALYIS AND FAIR ADATPATION ALGORITHM FOR MULTIPLE COMPETING D...Christopher Mueller
Multimedia streaming technologies based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) are very popular and used by many content providers such as Netflix, Hulu, and Vudu. Recently, ISO/IEC MPEG has ratified Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) which extends the traditional HTTP streaming with an adaptive component addressing the issue of varying bandwidth conditions that users are facing in networks based on the Internet Protocol (IP). Additionally, industry has already deployed several solutions based on such an approach which simplifies large scale deployment because the whole streaming logic is located at the client. However, these features may introduce drawbacks when multiple clients compete for a network bottleneck due to the fact that the clients are not aware of the network infrastructure such as proxies or other clients. This paper identifies these negative effects and the evaluation thereof using MPEG-DASH and Microsoft Smooth Streaming. Furthermore, we propose a novel adaptation algorithm introducing the concept of fairness regarding a cluster of clients. In anticipation of the results we can conclude that we achieve more efficient bottleneck bandwidth utilization and less quality switches.
libdash is a library that provides an object orient (OO) interface to the MPEG-DASH standard.
Features
- Cross platform build system based on cmake that includes Windows, Linux and Mac.
- Open source available and licensed under the LGPL.
- Implements the full MPEG-DASH standard according to ISO/IEC 23009-1, Information Technology Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) Part 1: Media Presentation Description and Segment Formats
- Handles the download and xml parsing of the MPD. Based on that it provides an OO based interface to the MPD.
Media elements, e.g., SegmentURL, SegmentTemplate, etc., are downloadable in that OO based structure and can be downloaded through libdash, which internally uses libcurl.
- Therefore basically all protocols that libcurl supports, e.g., HTTP, FTP, etc. are supported by libdash.
- However it also provides a configurable download interface, which enables the use of external connections that can be implemented by the user of the library for the download of media segments.
- The use of such external connections will be shown in the libdash_networkpart_test project which is part of libdash solution and also part of the cross platform cmake system and therefore usable on Windows, Linux and Mac.
- The project contains a sample multimedia player that is based on ffmpeg which uses libdash for the playback of one of our dataset MPDs.
- The development is based on Windows, therefore the code contains a VS10 solution with additional tests and the sample multimedia player.
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a
convenient approach to transfer videos in an adaptive and
dynamic way to the user. As a consequence, this system
provides high bandwidth flexibility and is especially
suitable for mobile use cases where the bandwidth variations
are tremendous. In this paper we have integrated the
Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extensions of the Advanced
Video Coding (AVC) standard into the recently ratified
MPEG-DASH standard. Furthermore, we have evaluated
our solution under restricted conditions using bandwidth
traces from mobile environments and compared it with an
improved version of our MPEG-DASH implementation
using AVC as well as major industry solutions.
A PROXY EFFECT ANALYIS AND FAIR ADATPATION ALGORITHM FOR MULTIPLE COMPETING D...Christopher Mueller
Multimedia streaming technologies based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) are very popular and used by many content providers such as Netflix, Hulu, and Vudu. Recently, ISO/IEC MPEG has ratified Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) which extends the traditional HTTP streaming with an adaptive component addressing the issue of varying bandwidth conditions that users are facing in networks based on the Internet Protocol (IP). Additionally, industry has already deployed several solutions based on such an approach which simplifies large scale deployment because the whole streaming logic is located at the client. However, these features may introduce drawbacks when multiple clients compete for a network bottleneck due to the fact that the clients are not aware of the network infrastructure such as proxies or other clients. This paper identifies these negative effects and the evaluation thereof using MPEG-DASH and Microsoft Smooth Streaming. Furthermore, we propose a novel adaptation algorithm introducing the concept of fairness regarding a cluster of clients. In anticipation of the results we can conclude that we achieve more efficient bottleneck bandwidth utilization and less quality switches.
libdash is a library that provides an object orient (OO) interface to the MPEG-DASH standard.
Features
- Cross platform build system based on cmake that includes Windows, Linux and Mac.
- Open source available and licensed under the LGPL.
- Implements the full MPEG-DASH standard according to ISO/IEC 23009-1, Information Technology Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) Part 1: Media Presentation Description and Segment Formats
- Handles the download and xml parsing of the MPD. Based on that it provides an OO based interface to the MPD.
Media elements, e.g., SegmentURL, SegmentTemplate, etc., are downloadable in that OO based structure and can be downloaded through libdash, which internally uses libcurl.
- Therefore basically all protocols that libcurl supports, e.g., HTTP, FTP, etc. are supported by libdash.
- However it also provides a configurable download interface, which enables the use of external connections that can be implemented by the user of the library for the download of media segments.
- The use of such external connections will be shown in the libdash_networkpart_test project which is part of libdash solution and also part of the cross platform cmake system and therefore usable on Windows, Linux and Mac.
- The project contains a sample multimedia player that is based on ffmpeg which uses libdash for the playback of one of our dataset MPDs.
- The development is based on Windows, therefore the code contains a VS10 solution with additional tests and the sample multimedia player.
Our presentation from the media web symposium 2013 in Berlin on the open source landscape around MPEG-DASH as well as on cloud-based services for MPEG-DASH
Mobile Movies with HTTP Live Streaming (CocoaConf DC, March 2013)Chris Adamson
If your iOS app streams video, then you're going to be using HTTP Live Streaming. Between the serious support for it in iOS, and App Store rules mandating its use in some cases, there realistically is no other choice. But where do you get started and what do you have to do? In this session, we'll take a holistic look at how to use HLS. We'll cover how to encode media for HLS and how to get the best results for all the clients and bitrates you might need to support, how to serve that media (and whether it makes sense to let someone else do it for you), and how to integrate the HLS stream into your app.
Nowadays video is an important part of the Web and Web sites like YouTube, Hulu, etc. count millions of users consuming their content every day. However, these Web sites mainly use media players based on proprietary browser plug-ins (i.e., Adobe Flash) and do not leverage adaptive streaming systems. This paper presents a seamless integration of the recent MPEG standard on Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) in the Web using the HTML5 video element. Therefore, we present DASH-JS, a JavaScript-based MPEG-DASH client which adopts the Media Source API of Google’s Chrome browser to present a flexible and potentially browser independent DASH client. Furthermore, we present the integration of WebM based media segments in DASH giving a detailed description of the used container format structure and a corresponding Media Presentation Description (MPD). Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates the bandwidth adaption capabilities to show the effectiveness of the system.
Video traffic on the Internet is constantly growing; networked multimedia applications consume a predominant share of the available Internet bandwidth. A major technical breakthrough and enabler in multimedia systems research and of industrial networked multimedia services certainly was the HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) technique. This resulted in the standardization of MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) which, together with HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), is widely used for multimedia delivery in today’s networks. Existing challenges in multimedia systems research deal with the trade-off between (i) the ever-increasing content complexity, (ii) various requirements with respect to time (most importantly, latency), and (iii) quality of experience (QoE). Optimizing towards one aspect usually negatively impacts at least one of the other two aspects if not both.
This situation sets the stage for our research work in the ATHENA Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory (Adaptive Streaming over HTTP and Emerging Networked Multimedia Services; https://athena.itec.aau.at/), jointly funded by public sources and industry.
In this talk, we will present selected novel approaches and research results of the first year of the ATHENA CD Lab’s operation. We will highlight HAS-related research on: (i) multimedia content provisioning (machine learning for video encoding); (ii) multimedia content delivery (support of edge processing and virtualized network functions for video networking); (iii) multimedia content consumption and end-to-end aspects (player-triggered segment retransmissions to improve video playout quality); and (iv) novel QoE investigations (adaptive point cloud streaming). We will also put the work into the context of the international multimedia systems research.
With the recent surge in Internet multimedia traffic, the enhancement and improvement of media players, specifically DASH media players happened at an incredible rate. DASH Media players take advantage of adapting a media stream to the network fluctuations by continuously monitoring the network and making decisions in near real-time. The performance of algorithms that are in charge of making such decisions was often difficult to be evaluated and objectively assessed.
CAdViSE provides a Cloud-based Adaptive Video Streaming Evaluation framework for the automated testing of adaptive media players. In this talk, I will introduce the CAdViSE framework, its application, and propose the benefits and advantages that it can bring to every web-based media player development pipeline. To demonstrate the power of CAdViSE in evaluating Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) algorithms I will exhibit its capabilities when combined with objective Quality of Experience (QoE) models. For this talk, my team at Bitmovin/ATHENA has selected the ITU-T P.1203 (mode 1) model in order to execute experiments and calculate the Mean Opinion Score (MOS), and better understand the behavior of a set of well-known ABR algorithms in a real-life setting. The talk will display how we tested and deployed our framework using a modular architecture into a cloud infrastructure. This method yields a massive growth to the number of concurrent experiments and the number of media players that can be evaluated and compared at the same time, thus enabling maximum potential scalability. In my team’s most recent experiments, we used Amazon Web Services (AWS) for demonstration purposes. Another awesome feature of CAdViSE that will be discussed here is the ability to shape the test network with endless network profiles. To do so, we used a fluctuation network profile and a real LTE network trace based on the recorded internet usage of a bicycle commuter in Belgium.
CAdViSE produces comprehensive logs for each media streaming experimental session. These logs can then be applied against different goals, such as objective evaluation to stitch back media segments and conduct subjective evaluations afterwards. In addition, startup delays, stall events, and other media streaming defects can be imitated exactly as they happened during the experimental streaming sessions.
MiPSO: Multi-Period Per-Scene Optimization For HTTP Adaptive StreamingAlpen-Adria-Universität
Video delivery over the Internet has become more and more established in recent years due to the widespread use of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). The current DASH specification defines a hierarchical data model for Media Presentation Descriptions (MPDs) in terms of periods, adaptation sets, representations, and segments. Although multi-period MPDs are widely used in live streaming scenarios, they are not fully utilized in Video-on-Demand (VoD) HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) scenarios. In this paper, we introduce MiPSO, a framework for Multi-Period per-Scene optimization, to examine multiple periods in VoD HAS scenarios. MiPSO provides different encoded representations of a video at either (i) maximum possible quality or (ii) minimum possible bitrate, beneficial to both service providers and subscribers. In each period, the proposed framework adjusts the video representations (resolution-bitrate pairs) by taking into account the complexities of the video content, with the aim of achieving streams at either higher qualities or lower bitrates. The experimental evaluation with a test video data set shows that MiPSO reduces the average bitrate of streams with the same visual quality by approximately 10% or increases the visual quality of streams by at least 1 dB in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise (PSNR) at the same bitrate compared to conventional approaches.
H2BR: An HTTP/2-based Retransmission Technique to Improve the QoE of Adaptive...Alpen-Adria-Universität
HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) plays a key role in over-the-top video streaming. It contributes towards reducing the rebuffering duration of video playout by adapting the video quality to the current network conditions. However, it incurs variations of video quality in a streaming session because of the throughput fluctuation, which impacts the user's Quality of Experience (QoE). Besides, many adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms choose the lowest-quality segments at the beginning of the streaming session to ramp up the playout buffer as soon as possible. Although this strategy decreases the startup time, the users can be annoyed as they have to watch a low-quality video initially. In this paper, we propose an efficient retransmission technique, namely H2BR, to replace low-quality segments being stored in the playout buffer with higher-quality versions by using features of HTTP/2 including (i) stream priority, (ii) server push, and (iii) stream termination. The experimental results show that H2BR helps users avoid watching low video quality during video playback and improves the user's QoE. H2BR can decrease by up to more than 70% the time when the users suffer the lowest-quality video as well as benefits the QoE by up to 13%.
CAdViSE: Cloud based Adaptive Video Streaming Evaluation Framework for the Au...Alpen-Adria-Universität
Attempting to cope with fluctuations of network conditions in terms of available bandwidth, latency and packet loss, and to deliver the highest quality of video (and audio) content to users, research on adaptive video streaming has attracted intense efforts from the research community and huge investments from technology giants. How successful these efforts and investments are, is a question that needs precise measurements of the results of those technological advancements. HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) algorithms, which seek to improve video streaming over the Internet, introduce video bitrate adaptivity in a way that is scalable and efficient.
However, how each HAS implementation takes into account the wide spectrum of variables and configuration options, brings a high complexity to the task of measuring the results and visualizing the statistics of the performance and quality of experience.
In this paper, we introduce CAdViSE, our Cloud-based Adaptive
Video Streaming Evaluation framework for the automated testing
of adaptive media players. The paper aims to demonstrate a test
environment which can be instantiated in a cloud infrastructure,
examines multiple media players with different network attributes
at defined points of the experiment time, and finally concludes the
evaluation with visualized statistics and insights into the results.
Multi-Criteria Optimization of Content Delivery within the Future Media Internetjbruneauqueyreix
Ph.D defence slide. Improving multimedia delivery over the and end-users' Quality of Experience with multiple source streaming and hybrid peer-to-peer multi-server.
Our presentation from the media web symposium 2013 in Berlin on the open source landscape around MPEG-DASH as well as on cloud-based services for MPEG-DASH
Mobile Movies with HTTP Live Streaming (CocoaConf DC, March 2013)Chris Adamson
If your iOS app streams video, then you're going to be using HTTP Live Streaming. Between the serious support for it in iOS, and App Store rules mandating its use in some cases, there realistically is no other choice. But where do you get started and what do you have to do? In this session, we'll take a holistic look at how to use HLS. We'll cover how to encode media for HLS and how to get the best results for all the clients and bitrates you might need to support, how to serve that media (and whether it makes sense to let someone else do it for you), and how to integrate the HLS stream into your app.
Nowadays video is an important part of the Web and Web sites like YouTube, Hulu, etc. count millions of users consuming their content every day. However, these Web sites mainly use media players based on proprietary browser plug-ins (i.e., Adobe Flash) and do not leverage adaptive streaming systems. This paper presents a seamless integration of the recent MPEG standard on Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) in the Web using the HTML5 video element. Therefore, we present DASH-JS, a JavaScript-based MPEG-DASH client which adopts the Media Source API of Google’s Chrome browser to present a flexible and potentially browser independent DASH client. Furthermore, we present the integration of WebM based media segments in DASH giving a detailed description of the used container format structure and a corresponding Media Presentation Description (MPD). Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates the bandwidth adaption capabilities to show the effectiveness of the system.
Video traffic on the Internet is constantly growing; networked multimedia applications consume a predominant share of the available Internet bandwidth. A major technical breakthrough and enabler in multimedia systems research and of industrial networked multimedia services certainly was the HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) technique. This resulted in the standardization of MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) which, together with HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), is widely used for multimedia delivery in today’s networks. Existing challenges in multimedia systems research deal with the trade-off between (i) the ever-increasing content complexity, (ii) various requirements with respect to time (most importantly, latency), and (iii) quality of experience (QoE). Optimizing towards one aspect usually negatively impacts at least one of the other two aspects if not both.
This situation sets the stage for our research work in the ATHENA Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory (Adaptive Streaming over HTTP and Emerging Networked Multimedia Services; https://athena.itec.aau.at/), jointly funded by public sources and industry.
In this talk, we will present selected novel approaches and research results of the first year of the ATHENA CD Lab’s operation. We will highlight HAS-related research on: (i) multimedia content provisioning (machine learning for video encoding); (ii) multimedia content delivery (support of edge processing and virtualized network functions for video networking); (iii) multimedia content consumption and end-to-end aspects (player-triggered segment retransmissions to improve video playout quality); and (iv) novel QoE investigations (adaptive point cloud streaming). We will also put the work into the context of the international multimedia systems research.
With the recent surge in Internet multimedia traffic, the enhancement and improvement of media players, specifically DASH media players happened at an incredible rate. DASH Media players take advantage of adapting a media stream to the network fluctuations by continuously monitoring the network and making decisions in near real-time. The performance of algorithms that are in charge of making such decisions was often difficult to be evaluated and objectively assessed.
CAdViSE provides a Cloud-based Adaptive Video Streaming Evaluation framework for the automated testing of adaptive media players. In this talk, I will introduce the CAdViSE framework, its application, and propose the benefits and advantages that it can bring to every web-based media player development pipeline. To demonstrate the power of CAdViSE in evaluating Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) algorithms I will exhibit its capabilities when combined with objective Quality of Experience (QoE) models. For this talk, my team at Bitmovin/ATHENA has selected the ITU-T P.1203 (mode 1) model in order to execute experiments and calculate the Mean Opinion Score (MOS), and better understand the behavior of a set of well-known ABR algorithms in a real-life setting. The talk will display how we tested and deployed our framework using a modular architecture into a cloud infrastructure. This method yields a massive growth to the number of concurrent experiments and the number of media players that can be evaluated and compared at the same time, thus enabling maximum potential scalability. In my team’s most recent experiments, we used Amazon Web Services (AWS) for demonstration purposes. Another awesome feature of CAdViSE that will be discussed here is the ability to shape the test network with endless network profiles. To do so, we used a fluctuation network profile and a real LTE network trace based on the recorded internet usage of a bicycle commuter in Belgium.
CAdViSE produces comprehensive logs for each media streaming experimental session. These logs can then be applied against different goals, such as objective evaluation to stitch back media segments and conduct subjective evaluations afterwards. In addition, startup delays, stall events, and other media streaming defects can be imitated exactly as they happened during the experimental streaming sessions.
MiPSO: Multi-Period Per-Scene Optimization For HTTP Adaptive StreamingAlpen-Adria-Universität
Video delivery over the Internet has become more and more established in recent years due to the widespread use of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). The current DASH specification defines a hierarchical data model for Media Presentation Descriptions (MPDs) in terms of periods, adaptation sets, representations, and segments. Although multi-period MPDs are widely used in live streaming scenarios, they are not fully utilized in Video-on-Demand (VoD) HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) scenarios. In this paper, we introduce MiPSO, a framework for Multi-Period per-Scene optimization, to examine multiple periods in VoD HAS scenarios. MiPSO provides different encoded representations of a video at either (i) maximum possible quality or (ii) minimum possible bitrate, beneficial to both service providers and subscribers. In each period, the proposed framework adjusts the video representations (resolution-bitrate pairs) by taking into account the complexities of the video content, with the aim of achieving streams at either higher qualities or lower bitrates. The experimental evaluation with a test video data set shows that MiPSO reduces the average bitrate of streams with the same visual quality by approximately 10% or increases the visual quality of streams by at least 1 dB in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise (PSNR) at the same bitrate compared to conventional approaches.
H2BR: An HTTP/2-based Retransmission Technique to Improve the QoE of Adaptive...Alpen-Adria-Universität
HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) plays a key role in over-the-top video streaming. It contributes towards reducing the rebuffering duration of video playout by adapting the video quality to the current network conditions. However, it incurs variations of video quality in a streaming session because of the throughput fluctuation, which impacts the user's Quality of Experience (QoE). Besides, many adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms choose the lowest-quality segments at the beginning of the streaming session to ramp up the playout buffer as soon as possible. Although this strategy decreases the startup time, the users can be annoyed as they have to watch a low-quality video initially. In this paper, we propose an efficient retransmission technique, namely H2BR, to replace low-quality segments being stored in the playout buffer with higher-quality versions by using features of HTTP/2 including (i) stream priority, (ii) server push, and (iii) stream termination. The experimental results show that H2BR helps users avoid watching low video quality during video playback and improves the user's QoE. H2BR can decrease by up to more than 70% the time when the users suffer the lowest-quality video as well as benefits the QoE by up to 13%.
CAdViSE: Cloud based Adaptive Video Streaming Evaluation Framework for the Au...Alpen-Adria-Universität
Attempting to cope with fluctuations of network conditions in terms of available bandwidth, latency and packet loss, and to deliver the highest quality of video (and audio) content to users, research on adaptive video streaming has attracted intense efforts from the research community and huge investments from technology giants. How successful these efforts and investments are, is a question that needs precise measurements of the results of those technological advancements. HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) algorithms, which seek to improve video streaming over the Internet, introduce video bitrate adaptivity in a way that is scalable and efficient.
However, how each HAS implementation takes into account the wide spectrum of variables and configuration options, brings a high complexity to the task of measuring the results and visualizing the statistics of the performance and quality of experience.
In this paper, we introduce CAdViSE, our Cloud-based Adaptive
Video Streaming Evaluation framework for the automated testing
of adaptive media players. The paper aims to demonstrate a test
environment which can be instantiated in a cloud infrastructure,
examines multiple media players with different network attributes
at defined points of the experiment time, and finally concludes the
evaluation with visualized statistics and insights into the results.
Multi-Criteria Optimization of Content Delivery within the Future Media Internetjbruneauqueyreix
Ph.D defence slide. Improving multimedia delivery over the and end-users' Quality of Experience with multiple source streaming and hybrid peer-to-peer multi-server.
RICHTER: hybrid P2P-CDN architecture for low latency live video streamingMinh Nguyen
Content Distribution Networks (CDN) and HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) are considered the principal video delivery technologies over the Internet. Despite the wide usage of these technologies, designing cost-effective, scalable, and flexible architectures that support low latency and high quality live video streaming is still a challenge. To address this issue, we leverage existing works that have combined the characteristics of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks and CDN-based systems and introduce a hybrid CDN-P2P live streaming architecture. When dealing with the technical complexity of managing hundreds or thousands of concurrent streams, such hybrid systems can provide low latency and high quality streams by enabling the delivery architecture to switch between the CDN and the P2P modes. However, modern networking paradigms such as Edge Computing, Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and distributed video transcoding have not been extensively employed to design hybrid P2P-CDN streaming systems. To bridge the aforementioned gaps, we introduce a hybRId P2P-CDN arcHiTecture for low LatEncy live video stReaming (RICHTER), discuss the details of its design, and finally give a few directions of the future work.
Real-time entertainment services deployed over the open, unmanaged Internet – streaming audio and video – account now for more than 70% of the Internet traffic and it is assumed that this number will reach 80% by 2021. The technology used for such services is commonly referred to as HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) and is widely adopted by various platforms such as YouTube, Netflix, Flimmit, etc. thanks to the standardization of MPEG-DASH and HLS. This talk will provide an overview of HAS, the state of the art of selected deployment options, and reviews work-in-progress as well challenges ahead. The main challenge can be characterized by the fact that (i) content complexity increases, (ii) delay or latency are vital application requirements, and (iii) Quality of Experience cannot be neglected anymore.
Network-Assisted Delivery of Adaptive Video Streaming Services through CDN, S...Alpen-Adria-Universität
Multimedia applications, mainly video streaming services, are currently the dominant source of network load worldwide. In recent Video-on-Demand (VoD) and live video streaming services, traditional streaming delivery techniques have been replaced by adaptive solutions based on the HTTP protocol. Current trends toward high-resolution (e.g., 8K) and/or low- latency VoD and live video streaming pose new challenges to end-to-end (E2E) bandwidth demand and have stringent delay requirements. To do this, video providers typically rely on Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to ensure that they provide scalable video streaming services. To support future streaming scenarios involving millions of users, it is necessary to increase the CDNs’ efficiency. It is widely agreed that these requirements may be satisfied by adopting emerging networking techniques to present Network-Assisted Video Streaming (NAVS) methods. Motivated by this, this thesis goes one step beyond traditional pure client- based HAS algorithms by incorporating (an) in-network component(s) with a broader view of the network to present completely transparent NAVS solutions for HAS clients.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
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- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
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After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
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1. DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE STREAMING
OVER HTTP @ ITEC
Christopher Müller, Stefan Lederer and Christian
Timmerer
Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt (AAU) Faculty of Technical Sciences (TEWI)
Institute of Information Technology (ITEC) Multimedia Communication (MMC)
19.03.2012
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 1
2. AGENDA
(Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
Dataset & DASHEncoder
Peer-Assisted DASH
DASH under Vehicular Mobility
DASH @ ITEC
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 2
3. MOTIVATION
HTTP Streaming has become very popular on
the Internet
Media encoded a several bitrates, resolutions etc.
Clients request portions of the media due to
bandwidth conditions on-demand
Easy to use existing CDN structure
No NAT/Firewall issues due to HTTP
Various technologies
BUT: no standard in use!
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 3
4. DASH ARCHITECTURE
I. Sodagar, “The MPEG-DASH Standard for Multimedia Streaming Over the
Internet”, IEEE Multimedia, IEEE MultiMedia, October–December 2011, pp. 62–
67.
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 4
5. AGENDA
(Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
Dataset & DASHEncoder
Peer-Assisted DASH
DASH under Vehicular Mobility
DASH @ ITEC
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 5
6. DATASET
Dataset with DASH Content
Long sequences in high quality
Various segment-length versions
Free available for DASH experiments
PSNR values per frame
Problem: Content Rights
CC-Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC-BY 2.0) License or similar
Free to Share, Free to Remix
Note: YouTube introduces CC-BY in June 2011!
Negotiation with content owner
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 6
7. DATASET SEQUENCES
Name Source Quality Length Genre
Big Buck Bunny 1080p YUV 09:46 Animation
Elephants Dream 1080p YUV 10:54 Animation
Red Bull Playstreets 1080p, 6 Mbit H.264 01:37:28 Sport
The Swiss Account 1080p, 6 Mbit H.264 57:34 Sport
Valkaama 1080p, 6 Mbit H.264 01:33:05 Movie
Of Forest and Men SD 10:53 Movie
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 7
8. DASH DATASET
SEQUENCES
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 8
9. DASH CONTENT TYPES
Bitrates from 50 kbit/s. to 8 Mbit/s.
Segment Size:
Seconds: 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15
File Organization
Segmented
One file per representation, Byte Range Requests
e.g.: Big Buck Bunny
120 Encodings needed
Only 6 DASH Encoder runs
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 9
10. DASH ENCODER
• h.264: x264 / ffmpeg
• AAC: ffmpeg
Encode • [VP8/Webm encoding]
• MP4Box: Video / Audio / Video + Audio
• [Webm segmentation]
Container
• Generate one MPD
• Subfolder Organization
• MPD Variation (Byte Range Requests,etc.)
MPD
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 10
12. BENEFITS OF THE DATASET?
Public available and free DASH content
Common basis for evaluations
DASH Implementations, Stream Switching Algorithms, Network
and Cache Configurations, ...
Enables objective comparison of research results
Also used in the Peer Assisted Streaming evaluation
Provides usefull hints and practices of DASH content
generation
Publication:
S. Lederer, C. Müller and C. Timmerer, “Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
Dataset”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Systems Conference 2012, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, February 22-24, 2012.
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 12
13. AGENDA
(Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
Dataset & DASHEncoder
Peer-Assisted DASH
DASH under Vehicular Mobility
DASH @ ITEC
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 13
14. PEER ASSISTED STREAMING
Clients offer their downloaded segments
Segment requests are monitored by server
Integration in DASH MPD for future clients
Reduction of server load: Goal 10 - 20 %
Peer Traffic
Unsymmetrical network connection
Bottleneck: low upload resources
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 14
18. SIMULATION RESULTS - SERVER
- 15 % - 25 %
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 18
19. MAJOR FINDINGS
First evaluation simulation:
Up to 25 % bandwidth savings
Directly convertable to CDN cost reduction
Much more possibilities
Intelligent client clustering in larger scale
environments
Peer management & download algorithm
improvements
MPD update improvements
S. Lederer, C. Müller and C. Timmerer, “Peer-Assisted Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP - System Design and Evaluation”, Packet Video Workshop 2012 (PV
2012), München, Germany, May 10-11, 2012 (to appear).
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 19
20. AGENDA
(Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
Dataset & DASHEncoder
Peer-Assisted DASH
DASH under Vehicular Mobility
DASH @ ITEC
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 20
21. METHODOLOGY
Experiment 1 / Track 1 (601 seconds)
Drive on the freeway A2, passing by the city of Villach in the
direction to Klagenfurt.
Experiment 2 / Track 2 (575 seconds)
From the Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt on the freeway A2 until
the service area around Techelsberg.
Experiment 3 / Track 3 (599 seconds)
From the service area around Techelsberg on the freeway A2 to the
exit of Klagenfurt.
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 21
22. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Bandwidth Shaping Node
Ubuntu 11.04
Linux Hierarchical Token Bucket (htb)
Available bandwidth will be adjusted every 2 seconds
Network Emulation Node
Emulates a round trip time of 150ms
Server
Server based on Windows Server 2008 and IIS
Client
Windows or Linux depending on the evaluation system
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 22
23. MICROSOFT SMOOTH STREAMING
Few Switches with a good average bitrate
Nevertheless close to unsmoothness at second 300
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 23
24. ADOBE DYNAMIC STREAMING
High number of unsmooth seconds
Rather binary and unpredictable
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 24
25. APPLE HTTP LIVE STREAMING
Very few switches with a lower bitrate
Large buffer for energy awareness
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 25
26. MPEG – DASH
Non stepwise switching
Good average bitrate and stable buffer
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 26
27. COMPARISON
Name Average Bitrate Average Switches Average Unsmoothness
[kbps] [Number of Switches] [Seconds]
Microsoft 1522 51 0
Adobe 1239 97 64
Apple 1162 7 0
MPEG – DASH
1464 166 0
Pipelined
Christopher Mueller An Evaluation of DASH in Vehicular Environments 27
28. MAJOR FINDINGS
Microsoft Smooth Streaming: performs best
Altough they don„t use pipelining, maybe specific TCP
implementation?
Adobe Dynamic Streaming: not usable, interesting
buffer
Apple HTTP Streaming: interesting features
MPEG-2 TS, Large Buffer, Conservative Approach (Energy?)
MPEG-DASH: good start with rather simple algorithm
Pipelining brings improvement + integrate further features:
parallel downloads, TCP modification, other Protocols (e.g.
SPDY)
C. Müller, S. Lederer and C. Timmerer, “An Evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive
Streaming over HTTP in Vehicular Environments”, ACM Workshop on Mobile
Video, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, February 24, 2012.
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 28
29. AGENDA
(Short) Introduction to DASH & Motivation
Dataset & DASHEncoder
Peer-Assisted DASH
DASH under Vehicular Mobility
DASH @ ITEC
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 29
31. STATISTICS
Besucher pro Woche
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 31
32. DASH @ ITEC
News:
24 Posts about new features, conferences, etc.
~ 150 comments + a huge number of emails
Cooperations
VideoLAN VLC
Mozilla
DASH-PG
Tools:
DASH VLC Plugin DASH Dataset
libDASH
DASH MPD Validator (Markus
DASHEncoder
Waltl)
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 32
33. DASH RESEARCH @ ITEC
Publications
Stefan Lederer, Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “Peer-Assisted Dynamic
Adaptive Streaming over HTTP – System Design and Evaluation“, In Proceedings of the
IEEE International Packet Video Workshop 2012, Munich, Germany, May 10-11, 2012. (to
appear)
Christopher Müller, Stefan Lederer and Christian Timmerer, “An Evaluation of Dynamic
Adaptive Streaming over HTTP in Vehicular Environments”, In Proceedings of the ACM
Multimedia Systems Conference 2012 and the 4th ACM Workshop on Mobile Video, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina, February 24, 2012.
Stefan Lederer, Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP Dataset”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Systems Conference 2012,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, February 22-24, 2012.
Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “A VLC Media Player Plugin enabling Dynamic
Adaptive Streaming over HTTP”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia 2011 , Scottsdale,
Arizona, November 28, 2011.
Christopher Müller and Christian Timmerer, “A Test-Bed for the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP featuring Session Mobility”, In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Systems
Conference 2011, San Jose, California, February 23-25, 2011.
Christian Timmerer and Christopher Müller, “HTTP Streaming of MPEG Media”, In
Proceedings of the Streaming Day 2010, Udine, Italy, September 16-17, 2010.
Patents
Christopher Müller, Yuwen He, James Crenshaw, Bandwidth Adaptation for Dynamic
Adaptive Transfering of Multimedia, U.S. Provisional Application No.: 61/576,334.
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 33
34. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
http://dash.itec.aau.at
Christopher Müller and Stefan Lederer Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP 34