The transition from fossil to renewable energy demands enough capital to develop and release new solutions. This means that investors are needed. The last years, private investors in clean energy have experienced a rising demand in the market. This session will give the participants thoughts on how we can make sustainable investments profitable.
Engineering as a discipline prepares scholars to bring a considerable change in the technological aspects of the society. Every sub-discipline of engineering precisely emphasizes on a specific domain, whether it is agriculture, electrical, electronics, civil, production or mechanical. With the dynamic growth of technology, the requirement of engineers is also growing by leaps and bounds and engineers are continually contributing towards the betterment of society through innovative, revolutionary and entrepreneurial diversity. However, scholars deal with several concerns while penning assignments on the topics of engineering. A lot of times they feel deprived of time due to tight schedule, and at times, it’s the lack of topic knowledge which inclines them towards seeking engineering assignment help services. If you have tried giving your best at working on engineering assignments, and still secure poor grades, then it’s time for you to avail engineering assignment help from subject-oriented writers. At The Student Helpline, you will find a team of professionals for whom offering engineering assignment writing services is not less than a cakewalk. Ask them about any concept, and they must have already worked on it.
https://thestudenthelpline.com/service/engineering-assignment-help.php
Engineering as a discipline prepares scholars to bring a considerable change in the technological aspects of the society. Every sub-discipline of engineering precisely emphasizes on a specific domain, whether it is agriculture, electrical, electronics, civil, production or mechanical. With the dynamic growth of technology, the requirement of engineers is also growing by leaps and bounds and engineers are continually contributing towards the betterment of society through innovative, revolutionary and entrepreneurial diversity. However, scholars deal with several concerns while penning assignments on the topics of engineering. A lot of times they feel deprived of time due to tight schedule, and at times, it’s the lack of topic knowledge which inclines them towards seeking engineering assignment help services. If you have tried giving your best at working on engineering assignments, and still secure poor grades, then it’s time for you to avail engineering assignment help from subject-oriented writers. At The Student Helpline, you will find a team of professionals for whom offering engineering assignment writing services is not less than a cakewalk. Ask them about any concept, and they must have already worked on it.
https://thestudenthelpline.com/service/engineering-assignment-help.php
Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements & Critical Materials Prospectus (v2)Gavin Harper
A material is deemed to be critical when it is economically important but at risk of short supply. These materials often contain certain elements that may be regarded as being of strategic importance to modern and future technologies. The supply constraints are driven by geological, economic,
technical or political factors, which can only be addressed by an interdisciplinary team.
The Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials encompasses expertise from across the University of Birmingham and the Birmingham Energy Institute in biosciences, chemical engineering, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, economics, law, materials science, physics and social science.
The aim of BCSECM is to develop solutions to the problem of criticality in order to alleviate these supply constraints or to substitute the strategic materials/elements with less scarce alternatives.
Auctioning RE projects: Lessons learned from auction design for renewable ele...Leonardo ENERGY
This session is part of the Clean Energy Regulators Initiative Webinar Programme.
Theme 7 - Promotion of RE Technologies
Module 6: Auctioning RE projects
An increasing number of countries world-wide are using auctions to procure renewable energy sources in the electricity sector. More than 60 countries had held renewable energy auctions as of early 2015. The webinar explains crucial design features and the important lessons learned from various jurisdictions around the world. The webinar will also highlight potential combinations of of auctions with other support mechanisms. For instance, feed-in tariffs can be applied for smaller-scale projects and RE auctions can trigger investment in larger-scale projects.
Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements & Critical Materials Prospectus (v2)Gavin Harper
A material is deemed to be critical when it is economically important but at risk of short supply. These materials often contain certain elements that may be regarded as being of strategic importance to modern and future technologies. The supply constraints are driven by geological, economic,
technical or political factors, which can only be addressed by an interdisciplinary team.
The Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials encompasses expertise from across the University of Birmingham and the Birmingham Energy Institute in biosciences, chemical engineering, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, economics, law, materials science, physics and social science.
The aim of BCSECM is to develop solutions to the problem of criticality in order to alleviate these supply constraints or to substitute the strategic materials/elements with less scarce alternatives.
Auctioning RE projects: Lessons learned from auction design for renewable ele...Leonardo ENERGY
This session is part of the Clean Energy Regulators Initiative Webinar Programme.
Theme 7 - Promotion of RE Technologies
Module 6: Auctioning RE projects
An increasing number of countries world-wide are using auctions to procure renewable energy sources in the electricity sector. More than 60 countries had held renewable energy auctions as of early 2015. The webinar explains crucial design features and the important lessons learned from various jurisdictions around the world. The webinar will also highlight potential combinations of of auctions with other support mechanisms. For instance, feed-in tariffs can be applied for smaller-scale projects and RE auctions can trigger investment in larger-scale projects.
By Prof Jim Watson, UKERC
Presented at 'Staying on Target: Securing the UK's Energy Future in Challenging Times'; an event organised by the UK Energy Research Centre, on Wednesday 30 April 2014, 14.00-19.00, in London, United Kingdom.
Presentation by Rupert Way during the SBO meeting Climate Group of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary, Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held on 8 December 2022.
Our report deals with Growth curves, perhaps one of the most quantitative way to forecast a technology. We tried to present growth curves in a nutshell, encompassing different types of it, from symmetric to non-symmetric growth curves.
Harnessing the Power of Youth - UN SE4ALL Forum (June 4, 2014)Student Energy
On June 4th, 2014, Student Energy was invited to the United Nations to produce a speech on "Harnessing the Power of Youth" in partnership with the UN Youth Envoy.
This speech covers tangible examples and case studies on how large organizations, governments and NGO's can truly activate and harness the creativity, networks and passion of youth globally.
You can read more about Student Energy by visiting http://www.studentenergy.org and learn more about the SE4ALL Forum, and the UN's ambitious goals around sustainable energy by visiting http://www.SE4ALL.org
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Michel Orlhac (Vice President, Schneider-Electric) - Sus...Student Energy
The world’s cities occupy only 2 % of the Earth, but account for up to 80 % of the overall energy consumption and 75 % of the carbon emissions. About half of the world’s population lives in cities today. How can cities contribute to a more sustainable future?
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Jane McRae (CEO, Sustainable Cities International) - Sus...Student Energy
The world’s cities occupy only 2 % of the Earth, but account for up to 80 % of the overall energy consumption and 75 % of the carbon emissions. About half of the world’s population lives in cities today. How can cities contribute to a more sustainable future?
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Ole Grimsrud (Vice President Resource and Development, S...Student Energy
How To Maximize The Triple Bottom Line: People, Planet and Profit.
Fossil fuels is a convenient and inexpensive source of energy, which will, if managed well, accelerate development. On the other hand, the use of fossil fuels results in increased emissions of greenhouse gases.
Is it time to rethink the management of fossil resources?
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Nadine Bret Rouzaut (Director, Centre for Economics and ...Student Energy
How To Maximize The Triple Bottom Line: People, Planet and Profit.
Fossil fuels is a convenient and inexpensive source of energy, which will, if managed well, accelerate development. On the other hand, the use of fossil fuels results in increased emissions of greenhouse gases.
Is it time to rethink the management of fossil resources?
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Dr. Gunnhild Stordalen( Chairman of Board, Greenudge) - ...Student Energy
Can We Change Our Minds To Think More Sustainably?
Climate change challenges our world in many ways, yet we have barely started to address this problem. Why are we not doing more about this? Climate change is a psychological challenge, psychological barriers limit individual and collective action on climate change. Can we be nudged into acting differently?
ISES 2013 - Day 1 - Prof. Koichi Kitazawa, Former Executive Director, Japan ...Student Energy
With the growing need for energy, and the goal to reduce CO2emissions, the safety of nuclear power is much debated. Can nuclear energy contribute to a more sustainable energy future?
ISES 2013 - Day 1 - David Addison (Manager, Virgin Group Earth Challenge) - ...Student Energy
What Is Happening, Why Is It Happening and What Can We Do About It?
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that the earth is suffering from man-made climate changes. ISES has invited three experts on climate to share their views on what is really happening, why it is happening, and finally yet importantly, what can we do about it.
ISES 2013 - Day 1 - Prof. Dr. Philos Kristian Fossheim (President, Royal Nor...Student Energy
With the growing need for energy, and the goal to reduce CO2emissions, the safety of nuclear power is much debated. Can nuclear energy contribute to a more sustainable energy future?
ISES 2013 - Day 1 - Dr. Jan-Gunnar Winther (Director, Worwegian Polar Instit...Student Energy
What Is Happening, Why Is It Happening and What Can We Do About It?
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has stated that the earth is suffering from man-made climate changes. ISES has invited three experts on climate to share their views on what is really happening, why it is happening, and finally yet importantly, what can we do about it.
ISES 2013 Day 1 - Ana Aguado (CEO, Friends of the Super Grid) - Future GridsStudent Energy
Smarter Transmission For a Green Transition.
The future of our transmission systems for electricity will be the focus in this session. In Europe future grids originating from the Supergrid project will be the transmission backbone of Europe’s decarbonized power sector.
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Professor John M. Dhaw (Professor, University of Albert...Student Energy
Game-Changing Technologies In The Oil and Gas Industry
How does the shale gas situation in the world change energy markets, are oil sands a part of the future and can subsea help provide the future with energy?
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Tor-Eivind Moen (Technology Director, ABB) - Energy on N...Student Energy
Game-Changing Technologies In The Oil and Gas Industry
How does the shale gas situation in the world change energy markets, are oil sands a part of the future and can subsea help provide the future with energy?
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Bjorn Lomborg - Crossroads to a Sustainable FutureStudent Energy
Will We Ever Overcome Our Carbon Addiction?
The world economy is very carbon intensive, however there are vast opportunities to transform this into a greener economy meeting a sustainable future. Are we able to go through with this transition or are we carbon addicts?
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Professor Søren Hermansen (Director, Samsoe Energy Acade...Student Energy
Case Studies Of Sustainability
Local solutions are the steps towards global solutions. We will be looking at solutions to energy related problems in different parts of the world: from special case of Samsoe in Denmark all the way to rural areas in Pakistan.
ISES 2013 - Day 2 - Evan Mertens and Hermann Van Heist (Rural Spark) - Grass...Student Energy
Bottom Up Approaches to Global Challenges
Finding simple solutions at a grassroots level is essential for giving people in rural areas access to energy and electricity. Will innovation make it possible to combine sustainable development and energy for all?
Ises 2013 day 3 - janet swim (professor of psychology, penn state) - the ps...Student Energy
Can We Change Our Minds To Think More Sustainably?
Climate change challenges our world in many ways, yet we have barely started to address this problem. Why are we not doing more about this? Climate change is a psychological challenge, psychological barriers limit individual and collective action on climate change. Can we be nudged into acting differently?
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Dr. Pierce Riemer (Director General, World Petroleum Cou...Student Energy
Can We Close The Gap Between Renewable Technologies and Fossil Fuels?
The very last plenary session will highlight the challenges related to the transition in the energy sector: the big challenge on how to bridge the gap will be the main focus. A wide range of perspectives will be represented and the challenges we are facing as well as the solutions to these will be put on the table.
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Stephen Roosa (Association of Energy Engineers) - The Tr...Student Energy
The very last plenary session will highlight the challenges related to the transition in the energy sector: the big challenge on how to bridge the gap will be the main focus. A wide range of perspectives will be represented and the challenges we are facing as well as the solutions to these will be put on the table.
ISES 2013 - Day 3 - Lisa Margonelli (Research Fellow, New America Foundation...Student Energy
The very last plenary session will highlight the challenges related to the transition in the energy sector: the big challenge on how to bridge the gap will be the main focus. A wide range of perspectives will be represented and the challenges we are facing as well as the solutions to these will be put on the table.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
ISES 2013 - Day 1 - Michael Grubb (Professor, University of Cambridge) - Investments for Sustainable Development
1. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Professor Michael Grubb
4CMR University of Cambridge Centre for Mitigation Research
Editor-in-Chief, Climate Policy journal
Senior Advisor, Sustainable Energy Policy,
UK Office of Electricity and Gas Markets (Ofgem)
Planetary Economics:
Energy, Climate Change and the
three domains of sustainable development
2. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Contents
Pillar 1
• Standards and engagement for smarter choice
• 3: Energy and Emissions – Technologies and Systems
• 4: The Energy Efficiency Resource – Technologies and Systems
• 5: Tried and Tested – Three Decades of Energy Efficiency Policy
Pillar II
• Markets and pricing for cleaner products and processes
• 6: Pricing Pollution – of Truth and Taxes
• 7: Cap-and-trade & offsets: from idea to practice
• 8: Who’s hit? Handling the distributional impacts of carbon pricing
Pillar III
• Investment and incentives for innovation and infrastructure
• 9: The Philosopher’s Stone? Innovation, Growth and Finance
• 10: Bridging the Technology Valley of Death
• 11: Transforming systems
1. Introduction: Trapped?
2. The Three Domains
12. Conclusions: Changing Course
4. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
What have we learned –
risks and perceptions
Climate change:
• It is hard to motivate people about climate risks
– A huge ‘psychological distance’
• We have been entirely unable to quantify climate damages in terms of
monetary equivalent
– Time (Stern), Equity (Dasgupta), Planetary risks (Weitzman)
• Climate change ultimately has more in common with security assessment
Energy
• Most people (and organisations) have little awareness of energy
– They are not ‘optimisers’, inefficiency is rife
• Systematically poor foresight on energy markets
– The Economist’s “drowning in oil .. @ $5/bbl?” (2000)
• Key energy issues are also about risk, volatility and security
5. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Economic Outputs (production & consumption)
Innovation
moves the frontier
Inertia increases the cost of
moving along the frontier, eg. in
response to changing resource
prices.
Current “best practice frontier” of
energy & emissions in producing
economic output
Neoclassical / welfare economics assumes and facilitates
behaviour aimed to optimise mix of resources, given technologiesInputs/Resourceuse
Eg.Energy&Emissions
6. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
In practice there are three domains of economic processes
- all are relevant
“Business as usual”
innovation
Accelerated low
carbon innovation
Purely carbon-price-
driven innovation
3rd Domain
Sectors/ countries
Innovation
And System
Trajectories
“Pareto”
improvements
1st Domain
Fig. 2 -3 b Resource – output relationships across the three domains
Inputs/Resourceuse
Eg.Energy&Emissions
Economic Outputs (production & consumption)
8. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
They appear to offer three roughly equal
realms of opportunity (in all regions)Cost$USD/tonneofCO2e(inMillions)
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Estimates of Global Mitigation Potential by 2030
Annual abatement in 2030 GtCO2e
Source: McKinsey data from Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy (2009)
Advanced Economies
Emerging Asia
Rest of the World
Smarter Choices
5 10 15 20 25
Choosing cleaner products
and processes
(Pillar II) Innovation and Infrastructure
(Pillar III)
9. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Realm of
Opportunity
Smarter choices
(eg. energy efficiency)
Cleaner
products and
processes
Innovation and
infrastructure
investment
Field of
theory
Behavioural &
psychological
Classical and
welfare
economics
Evolutionary &
institutional
Standards &
engagement
They require three fundamentally different types of policy
All charts from M.Grubb, J.C.Hourcade, and K.Neuhoff, Planetary Economics and the Three
Domains of Sustainable Energy Development, Taylor and Francis, forthcoming 2013
10. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Dominant
timescale
/ Domain
Decision
framework
Field of
theory
Mitigation
economic
process
Realm of
opportunit
y
Pillar of
policy/
response
Short term
–
Ignore /
satisfice
Ignorant or
disempowered
Behavioural
&
organisation
al
Move closer to
the ‘best practice
frontier’’
‘Smarter
choices’
Standards and
engagement
(Pillar I)
Medium term
–
Cost /
Optimise
Costs / impacts
are tangible
and significant
Neoclassical
& welfare
economics
Make best trade-
offs along the
frontier
Substitute
cleaner
production and
products
Markets and
pricing
(Pillar 2)
Long term
–
Secure/
Transform
Transformatio
nal risks and
opportunities
Evolutionary
&
institutional
Evolve the
frontier
Innovation and
infrastructure
Public-led
investment
(Pillar III)
11. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Drivers
Financial Cost & Benefits
-Capital Cost/Constrains
Hidden and Intangible Costs
- Incompatibility
- Performance Risk
- Management Time
-Other Transaction
Market Misalignment
-Split Incentives (landlord/tenant, builder/buyer,
maker/user)
Behavioral Factors
- Loss Aversion
- Discounting Pyramid
- Risk Bias
- Procrastination
-Invisibility of Carbon/Energy
-Inattention
Financial Cost & Benefits
- Operational Savings
Hidden and Intangible Costs
- Increased Thermal Comfort -
Improved Working Environment
-Better Controls
Market Misalignment
-Landlord/builder/Maker “build-in”
Behavioral Factors
-Corporate Social Responsibility
-Inherent Environmental Value
-Fashion
-Social Pressure
“Our worst property is 13 times less energy efficient than the best” – major UK retailer
“You should be pleased if you have the measurement systems in place to know that”
– response from another retail company
Barriers
Pillar I – Standards and Engagement
for Smarter Choices
12. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
‘There appears to be a nearly
inverse relationship between those
policies that policy analysts tend to
endorse as holding the greatest
promise .. and political feasibility ..’
Rabe 2008, 106
Pillar II – Markets and Prices for
Cleaner Products and Processes
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Apr05
Jul05
Sep05
Dec05
Feb06
May06
Jul06
Oct06
Dec06
Mar07
May07
Aug07
Oct07
Dec07
Mar08
May08
Aug08
Oct08
Jan09
Mar09
Jun09
Aug09
Nov09
Jan10
Apr10
Jun10
Sep-10
Nov-10
Feb-11
May-11
Jul-11
Oct-11
Dec-11
Mar-12
May-12
Aug-12
€
CER (Phase II
allowances)
‘Energy forecasting was invented to
make economic forecasting look good’
- Anon
13. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Pillar III – Innovation in Energy
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
R&D per Sales, % (2011)
We are seeking radical innovation in some of the least
innovative sectors (energy, construction) in our economies …
14. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
INVENTION DIFFUSION
Highly innovating,
close connection
consumers & innovators
(1st & 3rd Domains)
R&D intensity 5-15%
INNOVATION
Moderate innovation,
mostly business to
business connection (2nd
& 3rd Domains)
R&D intensity 1-5%
Technology push
Technology push
Technolog
y push
Market pull
Low innovation,
little connection between
innovators and markets,
R&D intensity < 1%
Market pull
Market pull
Technology
Valley of Death
Low innovation can be explained, and overcome by combination of
pusher further and puller deeper - with clear potential for net gains
17. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
The Future is Open
and the default trajectory is neither optimal nor secure
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
TotalGlobalCO2Emissions{MtCO2)
Global GDP ($bn)
Total Global CO2 Emissions
1980
1990
2007
‘Business as usual
Frontier
Efficiency and
innovation-led
frontier
Fig. 12 -1
18. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Manage bills,
increase
responsiveness
Values & Preference
Prices, products
and finance
I. Satisfice
Foster smarter choices
II. Optimise
Cleaner products and
processes
III. Transform
Innovation and
Infrastructure
Technology Options
Education & Access
- Enabling Environment
Revenues & Revealed costs
Standards &
engagement
Markets &
Prices
Strategic
Investment
The key for policy is to integrate and synergise
across all three domains
19. www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk
Planetary Economics
Domain and Pillar
Standards &
Engagement for
Smarter Choices
Enhanced efficiency,
subsidy removal &
more rational choices
Prices and markets
for cleaner products
and processes
Investor
confidence,
revenues, energy
security
Strategic investment
for Innovation &
Infrastructure
Accelerating
Innovation in weak
sectors, coordinate
supply chain &
infrastrructure
Co-Benefits A New Framework
Role of Climate
Policy to
- Motivate
- Stabilise
- Coordinate
- Finance
transformational
policies to enhance
growth, energy
access & and climate
security