A growing body of evidence suggests that higher levels of physical activity are inversely associated with treatment side-effects and mortality in cancer survivors. Conversely, a limited percentage of cancer patients achieve physical activity goals and fitness compared with age-matched peers or other chronic medical conditions. In the last years, the next generation of activity trackers has integrated several parameters of physical fitness and mobility measurements. These multi-task devices go beyond objective physical activity measurements. Due to its functioning based on integrated platforms, clinicians may experience a unique opportunity to incorporate more active behaviors into their patients’ lives. This mini-review will discuss the advantages, challenges and future directions of most recent activity trackers in oncology.
Professor Martin Wiseman presentation on The Continuous Update Project: Novel approach to reviewing mechanistic evidence on diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer at FENS European Nutrition Conference, 20-23 October 2015 Berlin (Germany).
Professor Michael Leitzmann presentation on The Continuous Update Project: Recent Findings on Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer at FENS European Nutrition Conference, 20-23 October 2015 Berlin (Germany).
Continuous Update Project: Database update and systematic literature review. Presentation given by Teresa Norat, Principal Investigator Continuous Update Project, Imperial College London.
New methods for reviewing mechanistic evidence
Systematic review guidelines for integrating evidence from human, animal and other mechanistic studies which link diet, nutrition and physical activity to cancer
By Richard Martin, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol
Slides from Alan Jackson's presentation on the Cancer and Nutrition NIHR infrastructure collaboration at Obesity, Physical Activity & Cancer: Life course influences and mechanisms
Professor Martin Wiseman presentation on The Continuous Update Project: Novel approach to reviewing mechanistic evidence on diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer at FENS European Nutrition Conference, 20-23 October 2015 Berlin (Germany).
Professor Michael Leitzmann presentation on The Continuous Update Project: Recent Findings on Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer at FENS European Nutrition Conference, 20-23 October 2015 Berlin (Germany).
Continuous Update Project: Database update and systematic literature review. Presentation given by Teresa Norat, Principal Investigator Continuous Update Project, Imperial College London.
New methods for reviewing mechanistic evidence
Systematic review guidelines for integrating evidence from human, animal and other mechanistic studies which link diet, nutrition and physical activity to cancer
By Richard Martin, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol
Slides from Alan Jackson's presentation on the Cancer and Nutrition NIHR infrastructure collaboration at Obesity, Physical Activity & Cancer: Life course influences and mechanisms
One example of how Clinical Cancer Registry level data can review practice va...Cancer Institute NSW
We examined the possible utility of using Cancer Institute NSW Clinical Cancer Registry data by examining one contentious issue in radiation oncology as an example. Increasing evidence has been published about the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy, in comparison with standard fractionation, in early, node-negative breast cancer.
Epidemiological evidence linking food, nutrition, physical activity and prostate cancer risk: results from the Continuous Update Project
By Michael Leitzmann, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Continuous Update Project Panel member
World Cancer Congress, Saturday 6 December 2014
Introducing VESPIR: a new open-source software to investigate CT ventilation ...Cancer Institute NSW
Computed tomography ventilation imaging (CTVI) is an exciting new functional lung imaging modality enabling functionally adaptive lung cancer radiotherapy treatments. In 2015, this became clinical reality with the first patient treatment performed in the US. Unfortunately the development of new CTVI workflows in the clinic can be challenging, due to the requisite advanced four-dimensional (4D) image processing. To overcome this, we have developed VESPIR (VEntilation via Scripted Pulmonary Image Registration), a user-friendly software toolkit to help streamline the end-to-end validation of CTVI workflows in the clinic.
Optimising the Model of Care for Patient Management at The Tweed Cancer Care ...Cancer Institute NSW
The commonly understood model of shift to shift nursing handover does not apply to most ambulatory day treatment units. Nonetheless, ‘handover’ of patient clinical information remains quintessential to safe clinical practice. Of considerable interest is how EMR may aid the transfer of patient clinical information in these circumstances and address the question: does this facilitate improved patient care?
Predictors of MDT review and the impact on lung cancer survival for HNELHD re...Cancer Institute NSW
Review by a Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) has been shown to lead to increased rates of surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and timeliness of care. Most recently, the Victorian lung cancer patterns of care study have found that MDT review is an independent predictor of lung cancer survival.
Weight loss among patients with Head and Neck Cancer at St Vincent's Hospital...Cancer Institute NSW
Patients with Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the Head and Neck (H&N) are often treated with curative intent using treatment protocols placing them at high risk of nutritional decline. Recently released COSA guidelines recommend that prophylactic enteral feeding should be considered for T4 upper aerodigestive tract tumours undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Evidence is yet to identify optimal method of nutrition intervention and timing across all tumour stages in this population.
Association between delayed initiation of adjuvant CMF or anthracycline-based...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with operable breast cancer. However, the effect of delay in AC initiation on survival is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between time to AC and
survival outcomes.
Pathways to smoking care for cancer patients (P-SCIP): Stage 1Cancer Institute NSW
As survival from cancer has improved over time, the potential impact of cigarette smoking on cancer patients and survivors is of increasing relevance. In addition to increased risk of chronic disease such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease, continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis increases the risk of second primary cancer, cancer recurrence and is a cause of treatment complications. As well the profound adverse impact of continued smoking on health outcomes in cancer patients, continued smoking among people with cancer incurs significant cost to the health system.
Anti-cancer therapy is big business. In Australia alone between 2000 and 2009, cancer-related pharmaceutical expenditure has risen over 200% to over half a billion dollars per annum.
Research suggests that chemotherapy may be related to a decline in cognitive
functions such as memory and attention in some solid tumor cancer patients.
However, the presence, extent and course of any cognitive decline and whether or not
it causes observable difficulties for patients remain unclear. The majority of research studies to date have explored cognitive function in cancer patients after treatment has been completed. Few studies have measured patients’ cognitive function prior to the commencement of chemotherapy treatment and hence these studies do not have any baseline. Measuring cognitive function both before and after chemotherapy would make it possible to identify changes occurring during treatment and the duration of such treatment related changes. An additional limitation of existing studies is that they have often lacked a
comparison group (e.g. cancer patients who have not required chemotherapy) against
which to compare cognitive function scores. Furthermore, the majority of cognitive
research to date has focussed on female breast cancer patients. This has precluded an exploration of gender differences in relation to cognitive decline.
Cancer patients’ physical activity levels are thought to decline by at least one third following diagnosis and are often not recovered several years post treatment. Only 29.6% of cancer survivors are meeting the American Cancer Society’s and Public Health’s guidelines of 150 min of moderate intensity exercise per week. Previous research suggested that adherence to physical activity recommendations might be the most important lifestyle behavior associated with lower mortality and higher quality of life in cancer survivors.
CATCH ESR2 Gabriel Signorelli
Celecoxib alleviates tamoxifen-instigated angiogenic effects by ROS-dependent...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the chemotherapy of breast cancer and as a preventive agent against recurrence after surgery. However, extended TAM administration for breast cancer induces increased VEGF levels in patients, promoting new blood vessel formation and thereby limiting its efficacy. Celecoxib (CXB), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, suppresses VEGF gene expression by targeting the VEGF promoter responsible for its inhibitory effect. For this study, we had selected CXB as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with TAM for suppressing VEGF expression and simultaneously reducing doses of both the drugs.
One example of how Clinical Cancer Registry level data can review practice va...Cancer Institute NSW
We examined the possible utility of using Cancer Institute NSW Clinical Cancer Registry data by examining one contentious issue in radiation oncology as an example. Increasing evidence has been published about the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy, in comparison with standard fractionation, in early, node-negative breast cancer.
Epidemiological evidence linking food, nutrition, physical activity and prostate cancer risk: results from the Continuous Update Project
By Michael Leitzmann, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Continuous Update Project Panel member
World Cancer Congress, Saturday 6 December 2014
Introducing VESPIR: a new open-source software to investigate CT ventilation ...Cancer Institute NSW
Computed tomography ventilation imaging (CTVI) is an exciting new functional lung imaging modality enabling functionally adaptive lung cancer radiotherapy treatments. In 2015, this became clinical reality with the first patient treatment performed in the US. Unfortunately the development of new CTVI workflows in the clinic can be challenging, due to the requisite advanced four-dimensional (4D) image processing. To overcome this, we have developed VESPIR (VEntilation via Scripted Pulmonary Image Registration), a user-friendly software toolkit to help streamline the end-to-end validation of CTVI workflows in the clinic.
Optimising the Model of Care for Patient Management at The Tweed Cancer Care ...Cancer Institute NSW
The commonly understood model of shift to shift nursing handover does not apply to most ambulatory day treatment units. Nonetheless, ‘handover’ of patient clinical information remains quintessential to safe clinical practice. Of considerable interest is how EMR may aid the transfer of patient clinical information in these circumstances and address the question: does this facilitate improved patient care?
Predictors of MDT review and the impact on lung cancer survival for HNELHD re...Cancer Institute NSW
Review by a Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) has been shown to lead to increased rates of surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and timeliness of care. Most recently, the Victorian lung cancer patterns of care study have found that MDT review is an independent predictor of lung cancer survival.
Weight loss among patients with Head and Neck Cancer at St Vincent's Hospital...Cancer Institute NSW
Patients with Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the Head and Neck (H&N) are often treated with curative intent using treatment protocols placing them at high risk of nutritional decline. Recently released COSA guidelines recommend that prophylactic enteral feeding should be considered for T4 upper aerodigestive tract tumours undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Evidence is yet to identify optimal method of nutrition intervention and timing across all tumour stages in this population.
Association between delayed initiation of adjuvant CMF or anthracycline-based...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with operable breast cancer. However, the effect of delay in AC initiation on survival is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between time to AC and
survival outcomes.
Pathways to smoking care for cancer patients (P-SCIP): Stage 1Cancer Institute NSW
As survival from cancer has improved over time, the potential impact of cigarette smoking on cancer patients and survivors is of increasing relevance. In addition to increased risk of chronic disease such as cardiovascular and respiratory disease, continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis increases the risk of second primary cancer, cancer recurrence and is a cause of treatment complications. As well the profound adverse impact of continued smoking on health outcomes in cancer patients, continued smoking among people with cancer incurs significant cost to the health system.
Anti-cancer therapy is big business. In Australia alone between 2000 and 2009, cancer-related pharmaceutical expenditure has risen over 200% to over half a billion dollars per annum.
Research suggests that chemotherapy may be related to a decline in cognitive
functions such as memory and attention in some solid tumor cancer patients.
However, the presence, extent and course of any cognitive decline and whether or not
it causes observable difficulties for patients remain unclear. The majority of research studies to date have explored cognitive function in cancer patients after treatment has been completed. Few studies have measured patients’ cognitive function prior to the commencement of chemotherapy treatment and hence these studies do not have any baseline. Measuring cognitive function both before and after chemotherapy would make it possible to identify changes occurring during treatment and the duration of such treatment related changes. An additional limitation of existing studies is that they have often lacked a
comparison group (e.g. cancer patients who have not required chemotherapy) against
which to compare cognitive function scores. Furthermore, the majority of cognitive
research to date has focussed on female breast cancer patients. This has precluded an exploration of gender differences in relation to cognitive decline.
Cancer patients’ physical activity levels are thought to decline by at least one third following diagnosis and are often not recovered several years post treatment. Only 29.6% of cancer survivors are meeting the American Cancer Society’s and Public Health’s guidelines of 150 min of moderate intensity exercise per week. Previous research suggested that adherence to physical activity recommendations might be the most important lifestyle behavior associated with lower mortality and higher quality of life in cancer survivors.
CATCH ESR2 Gabriel Signorelli
Celecoxib alleviates tamoxifen-instigated angiogenic effects by ROS-dependent...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the chemotherapy of breast cancer and as a preventive agent against recurrence after surgery. However, extended TAM administration for breast cancer induces increased VEGF levels in patients, promoting new blood vessel formation and thereby limiting its efficacy. Celecoxib (CXB), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, suppresses VEGF gene expression by targeting the VEGF promoter responsible for its inhibitory effect. For this study, we had selected CXB as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with TAM for suppressing VEGF expression and simultaneously reducing doses of both the drugs.
Alt PDFThe Journal of the CanadianChiropractic Associati.docxdaniahendric
Alt PDF
The Journal of the Canadian
Chiropractic Association
The Canadian Chiropractic Association
What is your research question?
An introduction to the PICOT
format for clinicians
John J. Riva, BA, DC, Keshena M.P. Malik, BSc,
DC, [...], and Jason W. Busse, DC, PhD
Additional article information
Introduction
Clinicians often witness impressive treatment
results in practice and may wish to pursue
research to formally explore their anecdotal
experiences. The potential to further new
knowledge both within the profession and to the
greater healthcare system is compelling. An
obvious next step for a practitioner considering
research is to connect with experienced
researchers to convey their idea for a study, who
may in turn ask, “What is your research
question?” With limited understanding of how to
respond, this interaction may result in the first
and last experience these clinicians will have with
the research community.
It has been estimated that between 1% and 7% of
the chiropractic profession in Canada is engaged
in research. Arguably, this low engagement
could be the result of practitioners’ perceived
importance of research and levels of research
literacy and capacity. However, increasing
demands for evidence-based approaches across
the health system puts pressure on all clinicians to
base their decisions on the best available
scientific evidence. Lack of clinician
representation in research has the probable effect
of limiting growth and new developments for the
profession. Furthermore, lack of clinician
involvement in research complicates the transfer
of study findings into practical settings.
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research
describes integrated knowledge translation as a
process that involves collaboration between
researchers and knowledge users at all stages of a
research project. This necessitates involvement
of clinicians to help in forming a research
question, interpreting the results, and moving
research findings into practice. This shared effort
between clinicians and researchers increases the
likelihood that research initiatives will be relevant
to practice. Conversely, it has been reported that
there is a growing communication gap between
clinicians and academics in chiropractic.
Clinicians have important practice-related
questions to ask, but many may lack the ability to
map out their research strategy, specifically in
communicating their question in a manner
required to develop a research protocol.
David L. Sackett, Officer of the Order of Canada
and the founding Chair of Canada’s first
Department of Clinical Epidemiology &
Biostatistics at McMaster University, highlights
the importance of mapping one’s research
strategy in exploration of the research question:
“one-third of a trial’s time between the germ of
your idea and its publication in the New England
Journal of Medicine should be spent fighting
about the research question.” (personal
communicat ...
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Evaluation of an Exercise-Based Phase Program
as Part of a Standard Care Model for
Cancer Survivors
Jessica Marlene Brown, Daniel Yoon Kee Shackelford, Maria Lyn Hipp, and Reid Hayward
INTRODUCTION
Advancements in cancer treatments such as chemotherapy
and radiation have increased survival rates but often result in
many deleterious side effects during and after treatments.
Cancer survivors can suffer from physio-
logical toxicities affecting the cardiovascu-
lar, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, immune,
gastrointestinal, hepatic, and neuroendocrine
systems (1). In addition, many survivors will
experience psychological decrements such as
increased fatigue, increased depression, and
decreased quality of life (QOL) (2,3), whereas
exercise directly attenuates the toxicities and
decrements of cancer and its concurrent treat-
ments (4,5). The need to establish an exercise
Standard of Care Model (SCM) has been
recognized by many organizations. The
American Cancer Society has established
physical activity guidelines for cancer sur-
vivors (6), and the American College of
Sports Medicine (ACSM) established ex-
ercise guidelines endorsed by the American
Society of Clinical Oncology (7). In addi-
tion, the National Comprehensive Cancer
Network added guidelines to their inclu-
sive treatment recommendations (8). Exer-
cise programming should be included in
the survivorship plan as early as possible
and should be considered as a foundational
component to improve lifelong QOL (9).
The addition of an SCM or, more specifically, a structured
and empirically tested exercise intervention may increase
patient benefit by reducing variations in practice and stan-
dardizing program implementation.
To derive the greatest benefit, exercise-based interventions
must be comprehensive and address the multidimensional
needs of cancer survivors during and after treatment. For this
reason, a “one size fits all” approach to exercise interventions
will not suffice (10). Survivors require prescriptive exercise
that is specialized for each individual based on treatment sta-
tus, comorbidities, and placement on the cancer continuum.
At the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation
Institute (UNCCRI), we have developed an SCM that includes
physician referral, medical and cancer screening, initial physi-
ological and psychological assessments, and an individualized
exercise prescription and intervention using a Phase Program
School of Sport and Exercise Science and the University of Northern Colorado
Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, Univ ...
Physical Activity Levels and Health Quality of Life in Spanish Young Adults w...semualkaira
To understand how healthy lifestyle behaviors patterns change across key phases of the disease in young adults. The main purposes were to evaluate change in minutes of physical activity in young adults with cancer across two timepoints: prior to and after cancer diagnosis, and to assess physical activity habits and HrQOL across the two timepoints.
Physical Activity Levels and Health Quality of Life in Spanish Young Adults w...semualkaira
To understand how healthy lifestyle behaviors patterns change across key phases of the disease in young adults. The main purposes were to evaluate change in minutes of physical activity in young adults with cancer across two timepoints: prior to and after cancer diagnosis, and to assess physical activity habits and HrQOL across the two timepoints.
Abstract
Physical inactivity challenge has been addressed from different approaches in recent years due to the negative effects of its consequences at public health level. However, the number of people who do not perform sufficient physical activity on a daily basis is not decreasing. Surprisingly, it is not common to involve the fitness & wellness industry in interventions to address inactivity in leisure time despite the industry aim to promote a healthy lifestyle through physical exercise and its resources. Whilst the industry seems not to be interested in collaborating with public bodies and research centres. In this manuscript, we discuss the reasons why this industry should get involved in the effort for addressing physical inactivity using community-based intervention
Enhanced Recovery (ERAS) in Colorectal Surgery is a relatively novel concept in patient care. It involves a multidisciplinary team approach (surgeons, anesthetists, ERAS nurse, nutritionist, physiotherapist, pain team, hospital administration and patient motivation) comprising of certain key aspects in the pre, intra and post-operative settings.
Integrative Telerehabilitation Strategy after Acute Coronary SyndromeIgnacio Basagoiti
Poster presentation in e-Cardiology & e-Health Congress Berna 2014 by Ernesto Dalli , Sergio Guillén , Ignacio Basagoiti , Jaime H. Horta , Lourdes Peñalver , José L. Marqués , Clara Bonanad from Department of Cardiology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, TSB SA , Departament of Cardiology, Hospital Politécnico Universitario La Fe and Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
Decision makers in the healthcare field like doctors, patients and policy makers need access to clinical evidence to address issues that have bearing on the health of the population and the treatment prescribed and thereby on the financials implications of the healthcare industry.
Similar to Is it all in the Wrist? The Potential of Activity Trackers to Rise Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors_Crimson Publishers (20)
The Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases on the Metastasis of Breast Cancer-Crims...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Cyclin-Dependent kinases (CDKs) function in mitosis by allowing the cycle to progress from one stage to another due to their properties as a family of protein kinases. Because of this function, abnormalities with CDKs can lead to uncontrolled cell division, leading to diseases such as cancer. Breast cancer is one form of cancer in which CDKs are a prevalent area of study. The role CDKs play in controlling and coordinating cell division makes it an important process to understand in breast cancer and, specifically, the metastasis of breast cancer. Lack of controlled CDK function could allow the cancer to spread to other parts of the body, leading to metastasis. Inhibiting CDK activity is an area of interest in searching for ways to treat breast cancer, especially once it has spread to the point where tumors cannot be surgically removed. Investigating these pathways and the effects of CDK inhibition on breast cancer cells has revealed much on the reestablishment of cell cycle control, which consequently leads to control of the cancer. This could be an effective form of non-localized treatment against metastatic cancer that is able to target specific cells throughout the body.
Prevalence of Gallbladder Cancer in Arsenic Endemic Areas-Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Association between exposure to high arsenic content and gallbladder cancer is scanty. Few reports suggest that the incidence of gallbladder cancer is high along the Indo-Gangetic belt. Inflammation, which is a causative factor for gallbladder carcinoma can be induced by arsenic. Prognosis of gallbladder cancer is poor. Therefore, it is worthwhile to find a correlation between arsenic exposure and its incidence to identify a population who are at high risk category.
Methods, Challenges and Future Directions of Radiogenomics-Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Tissue response to the radiation is a complex pathophysiological process and is an inherited polygenic trait. Aim of the Radiogenomics studies is to discover related genetic variants that confer tumor or nontumor tissue radio sensitivity as the target of radio-sensitizing and/or radio-protective agents and to identify specific genetic markers for prognosis or risk prediction. The methods for radiogenomics studies include candidate gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), epigenetic study, and other methods. The future direction of radiogenomics should be the development of the polygenic risk scores that are incorporated into end point-specific clinical models/nomograms.
Versatility of Amantadine and Rimantadine for Detection of Cancer_Crimson Pub...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Globally, an estimated 9.6 million people died from different types of cancer in 2017; in other words, every sixth death in the world was due to cancer, second only to cardiovascular diseases. The total number of cancer deaths continues to increase. In fact, by 2030, the global burden of cancer is expected to be 21.7 million new cases and 13 million cancer deaths [1]. On Feb 4 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated the need to step up cancer services in low and middle-income countries. WHO warned that, if current trends continue, the world will see a 60% increase in cancer cases over the next two decades. The greatest increase (an estimated 81%) in new cases will occur in low- and middle-income countries, where survival rates are currently the lowest [2]. Early detection and diagnosis of cancer can lead to timely therapeutic/surgical interventions that can increase the chances of survival.
A Novel Eclectic Approach for Cancer Therapy with Liquid Knife & Immuno Thera...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Recent years cancer immunological therapy is getting very popular and many new drug have been approved by FDA like PD1 and PDl-1, however, in clinical practice of cancer treatment, it looks very limited efficacy for advanced cancer, so that physician started to use comprehensive plan by combination chemotherapy with PD1 as a novel strategy with a better clinical benefit. Since chemotherapy and radiation therapy always produce the side effect like loss hair, vomit and neutropenia, and surgery is limited for many later stages of cancers, also surgery damages body shapes with functions, esophageal cancer was removed with reconstruction and put stomach into chest and stomach never has normal function; a lot of cases showed surgery can’t be performed because tumor location in special site, like tumor location in posterior vaginal wall or vaginal carnal, surgery just is not allowed to do the procedure, if remove the tumor in these location, it will make a hole to connect to the rectal. Because of the extremely toxic side effects, many cancer patients cannot be successfully completed a surgery or a complete course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and some cases even die from the side effects of surgery or chemotherapy or radiation therapy due to a patient’s poor tolerance.
Critical Remarks to Endoscopic Surgery for Endometrial Cancer and Sarcoma, Ce...CrimsonpublishersCancer
While endoscopic gynecological surgery as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in all its variations of skills, like with single port entry, multiple port entry, conventional or robotically assisted has been universally completely accepted by the medical and patient community this is not at all yet a reality in oncological indications [1]. The article reviews the reality reality of Endoscopic surgery and its application in Gynecological Malignancy diagnosis and treatment focusing endometrial sarcoma, cervical and ovarian cancer.
The Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway is involved in diverse physiological processes such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, embryonic development, and fetal determination. Perturbations in this pathway leading to its aberrant activation have been implicated in various cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is a highly complex hematological malignancy resulting due to accumulation of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow leading to bone marrow failure and ultimately death. Recently, the role of hedgehog signaling in AML pathogenesis has been uncovered and thus pharmacological targeting of the hedgehog pathway in AML has become a prime therapeutic option. In this mini-review, we highlight the role of the hedgehog pathway in AML and review the latest drugs as well as possible Hh targets in treating AML.
Herbal Medicine for Cancer Treatment: Main Force or Supplement_Crimson Publis...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The Estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 will be an estimated. 1.8 million new cancer cases diagnosed and 606,520 cancer deaths in the United States and there were 17 million new cases of cancer worldwide in 2018 [1]. The four most common cancers occurring worldwide are lung, female breast, bowel and prostate. A person’s risk of developing cancer depends on different factors, including age, genetics, and exposure to some potentially known carcinogens and those which are believed to be carcinogenic. Some avoidable lifestyle factors including smoking can increase cancer risk. However, cancer risk factors are similar worldwide. Insufficient exercise, alcohol, imbalanced diet, and obesity, and various infections account for a considerable proportion of cancers worldwide. Prevalence of any one of the risk factors varies in different ethnic groups and can vary by region and country, which contributes to variation of cancer incidence rates of the common types of cancer worldwide.
Treatment of Brain Metastases Using the Current Predictive Models: Is the Pro...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Brain metastases from solid tumours are the most common intracranial tumours [1] and it occur in 40% of patients with cancer [2]. The most common primary tumours that metastasize to the brain are lung(40%),breast (25%) and melanoma (20%) [3]. The incidence is expected to be on the increase, due to improved survival, with use of modern cytotoxic drugs, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and modern radiotherapy techniques, in addition to greater use of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Brain metastases are common in the elderly, defined as above 60 years [4], and the interval between diagnosis of the primary and the development of brain metastases is variable, however some reported an average of 19 months [5] and adenocarcinoma is the commonest histology that metastasizes to the brain [6].
Oxidative stress has increasingly been considered a factor in numerous diseases and cancers because of its extensive presence throughout the body. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), generated continuously from oxidative phosphorylation and received from various exogenous sources, are constantly used as a key molecule for signal transduction, but under conditions of oxidative stress, when they can no longer be suppressed, they have the potential to damage the cell’s DNA. In many cases, repair mechanisms mitigate the damage, and if the damage becomes irreparable, then the cell will undergo apoptosis. In rare cases, though, DNA can get damaged to a point where the cell becomes cancerous and can eventually form a tumor. While ROS often take a significant amount of time to accumulate, once they have done so and are unable to be suppressed by cellular countermeasures, it is very likely for DNA damage to occur, and in cancerous cells, they actually enhance rapid proliferation, chronic inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This is why it is necessary to boost or introduce cellular countermeasures to mitigate the dangers of ROS. Current research on oxidative stress is mainly focusing on the benefits of antioxidants, which are commonly used by the cell to reduce ROS, and triggering apoptosis in tumors through enhanced oxidative stress conditions. This review will discuss the role of oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation as well as the possible treatments, especially antioxidants and ROS-inducing drugs.
Cholangiocarcinoma occur in cholangiocytes, either in the intrahepatic, peri-hilar or distal bile duct locations. The three, command distinct attention due to difference in presentation and management. The current 5 years survival for localized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is estimated to be at 24%. With the advent of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy the field has seen some changes. Surgical resection is still the mainstay of therapy, although transplantation has been proposed in selected patients that have shown disease stability. Localized therapy for intra-hepatic and hilar tumors with neoadjuvant chemotherapy has also been used with some success for smaller tumors.
The Immunosuppressive Significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Blood Level...CrimsonpublishersCancer
In addition to the well-known negative prognostic significance of the abnormally high blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase LDH in most neoplasms, more recently it has been shown that the evidence of abnormally low values of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) may also predict a poor prognosis in human tumors. On these bases, a preliminary study was carried out to evaluate which relationship may occur between LMR and LDH levels in metastatic cancer patients. The study included 100 metastatic solid tumor patients. Breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract tumors were the neoplasms most frequent in our patients. Patients with high LDH levels showed significantly lower values of LMR. Since the occurrence of low LMR values is the expression of an immunosuppressive status, the association between LDH high levels and low LMR values would suggest that LDH may predict a poor prognosis in metastatic cancer not only by reflecting tumor extension, but also for its potential immunosuppressive status.
The Role of MicroRNAs in the Progression, Prognostication, and Treatment of B...CrimsonpublishersCancer
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, small, non-coding RNA molecules, which recently have attracted enormous attention in numerous physiological and pathological conditions. Several studies have shed light on their biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and role as effective therapies in diseased conditions. Of interest, miRNA deregulation in numerous cancer types has been researched as potential diagnostic and prognostic tool. Breast cancer (BCa) is the most predominant tumor in women and the main cause of death. Despite advances in diagnosis and new treatments, the death toll from this disease is still higher than many other types of cancer in men and women. A major global health issue plaguing the health and clinical research industry is resistance to BCa treatments. A lot of attention is increasingly directed towards miRNAs as a potential predictor’s response to treatments and as an alternative therapy to BCa treatment. Increasing evidence reveals a fundamental role miRNA plays in cancer development, progression, and treatment. Repeated findings have reinforced evidence of miRNA modulations in breast cancer cells by their effects in cell migration and invasion. Recently, miRNAs have been described as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, which offers promises as biomarkers for advancement of non-invasive and precise methods for screening tumor growth and progression. This review summarizes an overview of miRNA in breast cancer growth and progression, recent applications as biomarkers in a clinical setting in this type of cancers.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has always been a difficult medical problem for the increasing mortality rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide [1] and is considered as a highly refractory cancer. Surgery is the most effective treatment to HCC, but HCC is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has been attracting growing attention as a promising therapeutic method to HCC. Immunotherapies to HCC including chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), immune checkpoint inhibitor and oncolytic virus have become research hotspots.
Chordoid gliomas are low grade tumors which are most commonly seen in women and in the adult population. Clinical signs and symptoms of these tumors are mostly related to hydrocephalus which is obstructive in nature. Headache, nausea, visual disturbances, imbalances in the endocrine system and autonomic dysfunction can be seen in these tumors. MRI with contrast is the best diagnostic imaging method for such tumors. The best treatment method for such tumors would be complete surgical resection. In case of incomplete resection, the prognosis can be poorer in comparison with complete surgical resection.
Targeting Tumor Metabolism in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery_Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Cancer cells have evolved to develop sets of survival strategies to enable them not only to survive and ward off apoptosis-inducing effects of most chemotherapeutic drugs in current use but also proliferate and invade their surrounding healthy tissue. In the 1920’s, based on his pioneering research, Warburg hypothesized cancer cells rely on glycolysis for energy production to sustain their growth because their mitochondrial metabolism is dysfunctional. This review focuses on the current advances in cancer cell metabolism as a result of the recent resurgence of interests in the “Warburg hypothesis” (also called “Warburg effect”) and discusses how these advances have revealed potential anti-cancer drug targets. Additionally, we will also discuss metabolic pathways that are critically coupled to cancer cell survival and proliferation, thereby uncovering other putative anti-cancer drug targets for therapeutic consideration. Thus, we hope to provide a forward-looking framework for discussing and designing new anti-cancer therapies.
Molecular Detection of Epstein Barr Virus, Human Papilloma Virus Types 16,18 ...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Breast cancer is the most common among female, constituting about 18% of all female cancers, with 1.7 million new cases reported in the world each year. Recently some studies reported that approximately 18% of cancer cases can be linked to infectious agents including viruses particularly Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in men worldwide [1,2]. Some advanced prostate cancers have well known symptoms. However non-cancerous diseases of the prostate, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cause same symptoms. On the other hand, at very early stages, prostate cancer has no symptoms, the tumor dimension is quite small, and it is extremely difficult to detect it. If prostate cancer is detected at an early stage, it can be successfully cured by different methods. At the later stages, treatment or surgery has very low efficiency. Prostate cancer can often be found by measuring the amount of PSA in the blood. Most healthy men have levels under 4 nano-grams per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level usually goes above 4. However, for determination of the existence of cancer, some additional methods are used: for example: PSA velocity [3,4] and/or PSA density. Besides, measurement of the ratio of free to total PSA is additional tool in prostate cancer diagnosis [5]. However, the major drawback of PSA determination is its relative lack of specificity. The PSA level can also be increased by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) - a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, prostatitis, etc.
The Evolution of Future Medicine - WE Medicine - To Meet Unmet Medical Needs_...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The medicines needed today are not just for the treatment of disease, but for the treatment of the whole person across his or her lifetime - from disease prevention to disease progression, modulating the efficacy and safety of other medicines, and improving quality of life.
Currently many pharmaceutical and biotech companies are focusing primarily on the treatment versus the prevention of disease, with the exception of developing vaccines against infectious agents as preventative measurement. Developing small molecule medicines still largely applies a reductionist approach focused on a particular target and developing selective and potent chemicals aimed at it. The advancement of knowledge and modern technologies has facilitated the reductionist approach and led to the discovery of a few interesting target- oriented drugs with varying degrees of success, however this approach has not been satisfactory for the treatment of more complex, heterogeneous diseases which are often associated with the aging process [1]. It is recognized that the selected target in most cases is not only important for the pathogenesis of disease, but also plays an important role in the normal functions of the body. With highly potent chemicals used on long term basis, toxicity in normal tissues will often evolve.
A Strange Association Between A Rectum- Infiltrating / Metastatic Dedifferent...CrimsonpublishersCancer
A 57-year-old Caucasian woman, presented to our Endoscopy Unit, complaining several episodes of rectal bleeding during the last 2 weeks, associated with lower abdominal and back pain, mild weight loss and asthenia. On presentation, the patient was hemodynamically stable. Her laboratory tests showed normocytic anemia of 10g/dL, increase of creatine chinase of 264U/L, and mild hypopotassemia (3.4 mEq/l). Moreover, she reported a family history for gastric cancer (father), and she was surveilled by our Oncological center for a recurrent neoplastic disease and for a systemic autoimmune disease, for many years stable under treatment with cycles of radiotherapy, imatinib mesylate, steroids, levothyroxine, and semestral zoledronic acid. After she underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, a bulky ulcerated rectal mass, of suspected extraparietal origin, was revealed in (Figure 1) and (Figure 2). Multiple random biopsies were obtained from the normal mucosa as well as separately from the ulcers.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Is it all in the Wrist? The Potential of Activity Trackers to Rise Physical Activity in Cancer Survivors_Crimson Publishers
1. Is it all in the Wrist? The Potential of Activity
Trackers to Rise Physical Activity in Cancer
Survivors
Fernando Tadeu Frajacomo, Mariana Severo Ramundo, Sheila Coelho
Soares-Lima, Flavia Nascimento de Carvalho, Pedro Nicolau-Neto, Nathalia
Meireles Da Costa, Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto*
Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Brasil
Introduction
To date, higher levels of physical activity are associated with benefits across the natural
history of cancer, from primary prevention to survivorship [1]. Encouraging results have also
been acquired in the response to treatment and showed that physical activity favored better
clinical outcomes and expanded survival rates in a variety of cancer types [2]. Despite the
evidence of physical activity benefits, only a low percentage of cancer patients are achieving
desirable activity goals. The latest multi-sensor activity trackers allow users and clinicians to
assess broad functional metrics including step counting, heart frequency, sedentary behavior,
sleep patterns and metabolic consumption, depending on the device model and the scientific
purpose [3]. Since activity trackers are gaining recognition across health conditions, including
cancer, it is worth to further explore the possibilities and limitations of such approach. Activity
trackers have gained focus in clinical oncology since regular self-reported questionnaires
are prone not only to bias, but also poorly correlated with physical function [4]. In addition,
current physical activity programs have expanded beyond the clinical setting, requiring more
independence and information to cancer survivors and clinicians [5]. As a result, a more
objective, standardized, and accessible approach to implementing and monitoring physical
activity programs in clinical oncology is warranted and may represent a great innovation on
cancer treatment. This mini-review aims to address the role of activity trackers as a supportive
strategy on two relevant endpoints in the oncology field: fitness gains and physical activity
behaviors.
The opportunity of real-time monitoring and remotely obtaining feedback from cancer
patientsthroughoutanunsupervisedinterventiondeservesnotice.Trialscomparingsupervised
versus unsupervised training programs tend to report superior fitness achievements in the
supervised arm [6,7]. However, the increment of activity trackers to unsupervised exercised
sessions may approximate fitness achievements using either strategy. One recent randomized
trial study focusing on breast cancer survivors indicated that using wearable activity trackers
along 12 weeks increased both total physical activity (PA) and VO2max
(defined as the highest
rate of oxygen consumption during exercise, considered the gold standard parameter of
cardiorespiratory fitness), following unsupervised intervention [8]. Intriguingly, VO2
(defined
Crimson Publishers
Wings to the Research
Mini Review
*Corresponding author: Luis Felipe
Ribeiro Pinto, Molecular Carcinogenesis
Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio
de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil
Submission: March 29, 2019
Published: April 23, 2019
Volume 2 - Issue 4
How to cite this article: Fernando
Tadeu Frajacomo, Mariana Severo
Ramundo, Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima,
Flavia Nascimento de Carvalho, Pedro
Nicolau-Neto, Nathalia Meireles Da Costa,
Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto*. Is it all in the
Wrist? The Potential of Activity Trackers
to Rise Physical Activity in Cancer
Survivors. Nov Appro in Can Study. 2(4).
NACS.000542.2019.
DOI: 10.31031/NACS.2019.02.000542
Copyright@ Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto,
This article is distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License, which permits
unrestricted use and redistribution
provided that the original author and
source are credited.
ISSN: 2637-773X
203Novel Approaches in Cancer Study
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that higher levels of physical activity are inversely associated with
treatment side-effects and mortality in cancer survivors. Conversely, a limited percentage of cancer
patients achieve physical activity goals and fitness compared with age-matched peers or other chronic
medical conditions. In the last years, the next generation of activity trackers has integrated several
parameters of physical fitness and mobility measurements. These multi-task devices go beyond objective
physical activity measurements. Due to its functioning based on integrated platforms, clinicians may
experience a unique opportunity to incorporate more active behaviors into their patients’ lives. This
mini-review will discuss the advantages, challenges and future directions of most recent activity trackers
in oncology.
Keywords: Wearable technology; Cancer survivors; Physical activity; Fitness