Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal", was a notorious Marxist terrorist active in the 1960s-1970s. He was born into a wealthy Venezuelan family and studied guerrilla tactics in Cuba and the Soviet Union. As a terrorist, he pioneered hostage-taking of diplomats in Europe and bombings of newspapers. His greatest success was orchestrating the 1975 takeover of OPEC hostages in Vienna. After retiring from terrorism in the late 1970s, he was arrested in 1994 in Sudan and sentenced to life in prison in France for his crimes.