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2. Irrigation Managements 2+1=3
Dr Asmatullah Durani
Email: dorani_2000@yahoo.com
WhatsApp; 0787888434
Phone No. 0730564575

3. ‫ابياري‬
,
‫يا‬ ‫اوبخور‬
irrigation
•
‫د‬
‫طبعي‬
‫منابعو‬
‫او‬
‫علمي‬
‫روشونوپه‬
‫نظر‬
‫کي‬
‫نيولو‬
‫سره‬
‫يوي‬
‫ساحي‬
‫ته‬
‫په‬
‫مصنوعي‬
‫شکل‬
‫اوبه‬
‫رسول‬
‫د‬
‫خړوبولو‬
‫اوبو‬،
‫ورکولو‬
،
‫ابياري‬
‫او‬
‫ياهم‬
‫د‬
(
irrigation
)
‫پنوم‬
‫ياديږي‬
.
•
•
‫نو‬
‫پدي‬
‫اساس‬
‫ټولي‬
‫هغه‬
‫ساحي‬
‫چي‬
‫وچي‬
‫او‬
‫کم‬
‫باراني‬
‫وي‬
‫نو‬
‫خړوبولو‬
‫ته‬
‫ضرورت‬
‫لري‬
‫او‬
‫بايد‬
‫خړوب‬
‫شي‬
‫چي‬
‫ورسره‬
‫نباتات‬
‫کواليي‬
‫شي‬
‫خپل‬
‫عادي‬
‫ژوند‬
‫ته‬
‫ادامه‬
‫ورکړي‬
.
‫اود‬
‫حاص‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ل‬
‫ورکولو‬
(
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY
)
‫توان‬
‫پيدا‬
‫اولوړ‬
‫کړي‬
.
‫لګول‬ ‫اوبه‬
(
(Irrigation
:
‫ا‬ ‫کولو‬ ‫پوره‬ ‫د‬ ‫اوبو‬ ‫وړ‬ ‫اړتیا‬ ‫د‬ ‫نباتاتو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ته‬ ‫خاوري‬
‫و‬
‫وایی‬ ‫ته‬ ‫کولو‬ ‫عالوه‬ ‫اوبو‬ ‫د‬ ‫توګه‬ ‫مصنوعی‬ ‫په‬ ‫مقصد‬ ‫په‬ ‫ودي‬ ‫ښي‬ ‫د‬ ‫هغوي‬ ‫د‬
.

4. Irrigation Management
Management of water based on the soil and crop environment to
obtain better
For this we have to study
The soil physical and chemical properties
Biology of crop plants
Quantity of water available
Time of application of water
Method of application of water
Climatological or meteorological influence on irrigation and
Environment and its changes due to irrigation

5. ‫ابياري‬
,
‫يا‬ ‫اوبخور‬
irrigation

6. ‫اړتياوي‬ ‫اوبخور‬ ‫د‬

‫کی‬ ‫اوږدو‬ ‫په‬ ‫فصل‬ ‫نمویی‬ ‫د‬ ‫کرنیزنباتات‬ ‫زیاتره‬
380-760 mm
‫مصرفوی‬ ‫اوبه‬
.

‫د‬
Intensive Agriculture
‫لږ‬ ‫تر‬ ‫لږ‬ ‫لپاره‬
500 mm
‫ده‬ ‫اړتیا‬ ‫ته‬ ‫اورښت‬ ‫کلني‬
.

‫د‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫اورښت‬ ‫کلنی‬ ‫د‬ ‫سیمی‬ ‫یوي‬ ‫د‬ ‫چیرته‬ ‫که‬
250 mm
‫آبیارۍ‬ ‫د‬ ‫نو‬ ‫وی‬ ‫کمه‬ ‫څخه‬
‫کیږی‬ ‫لیدل‬ ‫ضرورت‬
.

‫اورښت‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫منظم‬ ‫غیر‬
.

‫د‬ ‫چی‬ ‫کله‬ ‫او‬
Evapotranspiration
‫د‬ ‫اندازه‬
Precipitation
‫وی‬ ‫زیاته‬ ‫څخه‬
.
‫ويش‬ ‫وچی‬ ‫د‬ ‫ځمکی‬ ‫د‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫په‬ ‫داندازي‬ ‫اورښت‬ ‫د‬
‫وچی‬ ‫ټولي‬ ‫د‬
% ‫اورښت‬ ‫کلني‬
(
mm
) ‫ډول‬ ‫اقليم‬ ‫يا‬ ‫سيمي‬ ‫د‬
25 <250 ‫سیمی‬ ‫وچی‬
(
‫اقلیم‬ ‫وچ‬
)
30 500-250 ‫سیمی‬ ‫وچی‬ ‫نیمه‬
(
‫اقلیم‬ ‫وچ‬ ‫نیمه‬
)
20 1000- 500 ‫سیمی‬ ‫مرطوبي‬ ‫نیمه‬
(
‫اقل‬ ‫مرطوب‬ ‫نیمه‬
‫یم‬
11 1500 -1000 ‫سیمی‬ ‫مرطوبي‬
(
‫اقلیم‬ ‫مرطوب‬
)
9 1500 – 2000 ‫سیمی‬ ‫لندي‬
(
‫اقلیم‬ ‫لوند‬
)
5 >2000 ‫سیمی‬ ‫لندي‬ ‫ډیري‬
(
‫اقلیم‬ ‫لوند‬ ‫ډیر‬
)

7. Climatic condition and its correlation with Irrigation.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Precipitation-temperatures-and-evapotranspiration-at-
different-locations-of-Afghanistan_tbl1_42765588

8. Need for Irrigation
Afghanistan economy has been
traditionally dominated by
agriculture, 80 % of people engaged
in agriculture.
Hot and dry climate and low rainfall(more
than 50% of the country has receives less
than 300 mm rain) result high irrigation
demand for agriculture (FAO,2012)
Afghanistan has rich water resources, 55 BCM
surface water (ICARDA,2002).
However, water scarcity is the big issue for the
famers because wars destroyed all irrigation
network, populations have been increasing and
recently drought has frequently occurred(FAO,
2012).
Irrigation
infrastructures are
poor and are not
properly
maintained
Irrigation is the
essential practice for
agriculture products

9. WATER DISTRIBUTION WORLDWIDE
• 97.5% of the Earth's water supply is salt
water.
• Only 2.5% is fresh water!

10. 75% of Earth’s surface is covered with ocean.
25% of the surface is land (7 continents).

13. ‫استعمال‬ ‫يي‬ ‫کي‬ ‫اوبخور‬ ‫په‬ ‫او‬ ‫بندي‬ ‫تقسيم‬ ‫اوبو‬ ‫د‬ ‫نړۍ‬ ‫د‬
https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/other/agricultural/index.html

14. Uses of irrigation water by source and category
Prepared by; Tariq Hashemi

15. ✔While 67% of Earth’s surface is covered by
water, only less than 2.7% of global water is
freshwater
✔Icebergs and polarcaps
store most of the fresh
water on Earth.
✔Only less than 0.7% is available for human
use.

16. WATER FORMS AND ITS DISTRIBUTION

17. WORLD WATER RESOUCES
About 71% of earth surface is covered with
water.

18. World Water Supply
http://climatechangefork.blog.brooklyn.edu/2015/10/20/the-extended-golden-rule/

19. https://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html
‫ګردش‬ ‫اوبو‬ ‫د‬
) ) water cycle

20. Water Cycle

21. Water distribution in world

22. Some vapour gets into the air as it is released
from plants. This is called transpiration. and
evaporation(water + soil)

23. Three forms of Water.
• Solids: When water becomes very cold and
freezes it will change from a liquid to a solid.
It has a definite form and shape.
• Liquids: When water takes the shape of its
container it is in a liquid form.
• Gases: When water is seen in a vapor form
and has no definite size or shape it is in a gas
form.

24. ‫تاریخچه‬ ‫ابیارۍ‬ ‫د‬
(
History of irrigation
)
• 7000 years before the irrigation systems (Tigris and Euphrates).
• Length(109m) and width(13) of the dame 5000 years before in the
Egyptian, for irrigation and drinking.
• 3300 years before basine irrigation system in Nail valley
(Egyptian).
•
2000
‫کاله‬
‫ځ‬ ‫شویدي‬ ‫یاد‬ ‫نوم‬ ‫ښه‬ ‫په‬ ‫نوم‬ ‫ملکي‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوریانو‬ ‫د‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫میالد‬ ‫د‬ ‫پخوا‬
‫که‬
‫وه‬ ‫اخسیتي‬ ‫ونډه‬ ‫پوره‬ ‫کي‬ ‫ابادۍ‬ ‫په‬ ‫ملک‬ ‫خپل‬ ‫د‬ ‫برکت‬ ‫په‬ ‫ابیاري‬ ‫د‬ ‫دي‬ ‫چي‬
.
(
Queen Assyrian
)
•
‫ورکول‬ ‫چوکۍ‬ ‫هۍ‬ ‫بادشا‬ ‫د‬ ‫کي‬ ‫چین‬ ‫په‬ ‫خاطر‬ ‫په‬ ‫تنظیم‬ ‫ښه‬ ‫د‬ ‫اوبو‬ ‫د‬
(
Mr. Lee and
his son
)
،
(
Vaughn,1979
)
•
‫د‬ ‫کي‬ ‫لبیا‬ ‫او‬ ‫مصر‬
۲۰۰
ً‫ا‬‫تقریب‬ ‫چي‬ ‫راویستل‬ ‫اوبه‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫ژوروالي‬ ‫میتره‬
۲۰۰۰
‫کول‬ ‫رهنمایي‬ ‫اوبو‬ ‫د‬ ‫لمنوکي‬ ‫په‬ ‫غرو‬ ‫د‬ ‫او‬ ‫دي‬ ‫شته‬ ‫هم‬ ‫اوس‬ ‫کوهیان‬
(
۲۵۰۰
‫کاله‬
‫پخوا‬
)
‫هم‬ ‫یا‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ایران‬ ‫په‬
(
Watershed management
)
.

25. ‫فرات‬ ‫او‬ ‫تايګرس‬
‫سيستم‬ ‫اوبخور‬ ‫د‬ ‫رودونو‬

27. Geography
Area 35,600 km
2
(13,700 sq mi)
Countries Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait
Oceans or seas None
Rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Greater Zab, Lesser Zab.
Climate type Subtropical, hot and arid
Conservation
‫فرات‬ ‫او‬ ‫تايګرس‬
‫سيستم‬ ‫اوبخور‬ ‫د‬ ‫رودونو‬

28. Importance of Irrigation
• Irrigation maintains moisture in the soil. Moisture is necessary
for the germination of seeds. Seeds do not grow in dry soil.
That is why irrigation is done before tilling.
• Irrigation is essential for the growth of the roots of the crop
plants. Roots of the plants do not grow well in dry soil.
• Irrigation is necessary for the absorption of mineral nutrients
by the plants from the soil. Thus, irrigation is essential for the
general growth of the plants.
• Water supplies two essential elements hydrogen and oxygen
to the crop.
• Water is applied to reduce soil salinity and provide temperate
regime for plant growth

29. •
‫کیږي‬ ‫باعث‬ ‫تولیداتو‬ ‫زراعتي‬ ‫لوړو‬ ‫د‬ ‫چي‬ ‫څنګ‬ ‫تر‬ ‫ددي‬ ‫سره‬ ‫ابیارۍ‬ ‫د‬
.
‫و‬
‫اما‬ ‫لي‬
‫کړو‬ ‫ترالسه‬ ‫تري‬ ‫ګټي‬ ‫الندي‬ ‫شي‬ ‫کیدلي‬
.
• Uniform germination .
• Soil amelioration . From salt , acid, alkali, and etc.
• Soil protection (from soil erosion).
• Soil nutrients availability .
• Single crop change to double crop ( 5 to 10 %)
• Good root growth in the soil.
• Prevention of soil frizzing.
• Increase the humidity.
• In the end of we have good agriculture systems in the area.
Functions of Irrigation Water

30.  To supply water partially or totally for crop need
to cool both the soil and the plant
 Provides water for its transpiration.
 Dissolves minerals for its nutrition.
 Provides Oxygen for its metabolism.
 To enhance fertilizer application- fertigation
 To Leach Excess Salts
 To improve Groundwater storage
 To Facilitate continuous cropping
Functions of Irrigation Water…