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Internet Protocol
IP Addresses:
Classful Addressing
IP Addresses
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSFULADDRESSING
• Different Network Classes
• Subnetting
• Classless Addressing
• Supernetting
•CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing)
INTRODUCTION
4.1
An IP address is a
32-bit
address.
What is an IP Address?
The IP addresses
are
unique.
Address Space
addr15
addr1
addr2
addr41
addr31
addr226
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
Address space rule
addr15
addr1
addr2
addr41
addr31
addr226
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
…………..
The address space in a protocol
That uses N-bits to define an
Address is:
2N
The address space of IPv4 is
232
or
4,294,967,296.
IPv4 address space
01110101 10010101 00011101 11101010
Binary Notation
Figure 4-1
Dotted-decimal notation
0111 0101 1001 0101 0001 1101 1110 1010
Hexadecimal Notation
75 95 1D EA
0x75951DEA
Example 1
Change the following IP address from binary
notation to dotted-decimal notation.
10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
Example 2
Change the following IP address from
dotted-decimal notation to binary
notation:
111.56.45.78
Solution
129.11.11.239
Example 3
Find the error in the following IP Address
111.56.045.78
Solution
01101111 00111000 00101101 01001110
Example 3 (continued)
Find the error in the following IP Address
75.45.301.14
Solution
There are no leading zeroes in
Dotted-decimal notation (045)
Example 4
Change the following binary IP address
Hexadecimal notation
10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
Solution
In decimal notation each number <= 255
301 is out of the range
Solution
810B0BEF or 810B0BEF
Figure 4-2
Occupation of the address space
CLASSFUL
ADDRESSING
In classful addressing the address space is
divided into 5 classes:
A, B, C, D, and E.
Figure 4-3
Finding the class in binary notation
Figure 4-4
Finding the address class
Show that Class A has
231 = 2,147,483,648 addresses
Example 5
Example 6
Solution
Find the class of the following IP addresses
00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
11000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
•00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
1st is 0, hence it is Class A
•11000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
1st and 2nd bits are 1, and 3rd bit is 0 hence, Class C
Figure 4-5
Finding the class in decimal notation
Example 7
Solution
Find the class of the following addresses
158.223.1.108
227.13.14.88
•158.223.1.108
1st byte = 158 (128<158<191) class B
•227.13.14.88
1st byte = 227 (224<227<239) class D
IP address with appending port number
 158.128.1.108:25
 the four octet before colon is the IP address
 The number of colon (25) is the port number
Figure 4-6
Netid and hostid
IP Address.pptx
IP Address.pptx

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IP Address.pptx