Invisibility ppt
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This document discusses invisibility technology and its possibilities. It begins by defining invisibility as the inability to be seen. While invisibility was previously considered science fiction, scientists have recently created cloaking devices that can render 3D objects invisible using metamaterials. Metamaterials are artificially engineered materials with extraordinary electromagnetic properties that allow controlling light in ways that enable invisibility. Specifically, transformation optics and split ring resonators (SSRs) arranged in crystalline structures can bend and control light to route it around an object, rendering that object invisible within a specific frequency range. Potential applications of invisibility cloaking include rendering military devices, medical imaging tools, and computer chips invisible. However, limitations remain around only achieving invisibility within a narrow
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6thsensetechnology by www.avnrpptworld.blogspot.com
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Nanotechology for BSc students
- Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale where quantum mechanical effects are observed. It involves engineering materials and devices within the nanometer scale (1-100 nm).
- Some examples of nanotechnology include carbon nanotubes, graphene, buckminsterfullerenes, plasmonic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. Nanomaterials are characterized using techniques like atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
- Properties of materials change at the nanoscale due to increased surface area effects, quantum confinement, and single electron tunneling effects. This allows for applications in areas like energy storage, catalysis, drug delivery, and electronics.
SEM, AFM, and 3D Optical Profiler Introduction
This document provides an introduction to various types of microscopy used in nanotechnology. It explains that light microscopes have resolution limitations and then describes scanning electron microscopes which use electron beams rather than light to achieve higher resolution down to 1nm. Atomic force microscopes are also discussed, which use a physical probe to scan samples with nanoscale resolution. Finally, 3D optical profilers are introduced, which use light waves to generate 3D renderings of micrometer-scale surface topography. Overall, the document outlines different microscopy techniques and their applications from the micrometer to nanometer scale.
Photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are periodic optical nanostructures that affect the propagation of light. They contain regions of high and low dielectric constants arranged in a repeating pattern, allowing certain wavelengths of light to pass through while others are forbidden from propagating, known as a photonic band gap. Photonic crystals have applications in lasers, optical fibers, biosensing and more. They can be fabricated through methods like layer deposition, photolithography or drilling holes to achieve one, two or three-dimensional periodicity.
Metamaterials, A great achievement of material science
Metamaterials are artificial structures designed to have unique electromagnetic properties not found in nature, such as a negative refractive index. They are composed of meta-atoms that can manipulate electromagnetic waves at scales smaller than the wavelength of light. Metamaterials have applications in invisibility cloaking, super lenses, compact antennas, absorbing electromagnetic radiation, and mitigating seismic waves. However, designing metamaterials for specific wavelengths is challenging, and they do not work perfectly and are very expensive.
Atomtronics
Atomtronics is an emerging field that aims to create analogues of electronic devices and circuits using ultracold atoms instead of electrons. Key developments include creating Bose-Einstein condensates of atoms in 1995 and trapping atoms in optical lattices, which allows them to behave similarly to electrons in semiconductors. Proposed atomtronic devices include batteries, conductors, diodes, and transistors. While still theoretical, atomtronics could enable new types of quantum devices and computers by exploiting atoms' quantum properties like superfluidity.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the atomic scale to build functional systems. It allows engineering at the micro and atomic levels. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. The concept was first proposed in 1959 and scanning tunneling microscopes and buckyballs in the 1980s helped establish the field. Carbon nanotubes have an extremely high length-to-diameter ratio and unique mechanical and electrical properties. They are being used in applications like lightweight bicycles, boats, and electronics. Nanoparticles exhibit surface plasmon resonance that gives color and depends on size and shape. Nanotechnology shows promise in areas like cancer treatment through targeted drug delivery, stain-resistant fabrics, flexible electronics, and future possibilities like nanorobotics and
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
This document provides an overview of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It explains that SEM uses a focused beam of electrons to generate images of a sample's surface topography and composition, while TEM uses high energy electrons to view a sample's internal structure. Some key applications of SEM mentioned are imaging surfaces at high resolution, performing 3D tissue imaging, and examining microorganisms. TEM applications include investigating crystalline structure, viewing contamination and stress fractures, and analyzing samples at the molecular level. Both techniques provide valuable information for fields such as materials science, biology, and nanotechnology.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Invisibility ppt
- 2. OVERVIEW : • What is Invisibility? • Is it possible in reality? • How does it work in science fiction? • Interaction of light with objects. • Can we bend light? • Metamaterials. • Transformation optics. • SSRs (Split Ring Resonators). • Applications. • Limitations. • Conclusion.
- 3. INVISIBILITY? • The inability to be seen is called invisibility. • Invisibility is the state of an object that cannot be seen. An object in this state is said to be invisible.
- 4. POSSIBLE? • Yes, it is possible! •Scientists in Germany have announced that they have been able to create a cloaking device that can render a 3D object invisible recently. •Earlier in Tokyo Prof. Tachi proposed to bulid something to make objects invisible back in 1977. He came up with a retro reflective material which causes the coat to act as screen and give an invisible effect. •Also in Duke University microwave beam deflection is being to used to created such an effect.
- 5. INVISIBILITY IN SCIENCE FICTION MOVIES.
- 6. INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH OBJECTS. Absorption Reflection Transmission
- 7. Yes - Refraction!!! CAN WE BEND LIGHT? Refraction law : n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2 n: refractive index n>0 If n1>n2, then θ1<θ2; If n1<n2, then θ1>θ2; But that will not change the direction of ray.
- 8. METAMATERIALS ? • Meta is a Greek word meaning “Beyond”. • Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificially engineered composite materials having extraordinary elecromagnetic properties.
- 10. TRANSFORMATION OPTICS • Transformation optics offers great versatility for controlling electromagnetic waves to create materials with specially designed properties • Transformation optics prescribes the metamaterials. • Maxwell’s equation are of the same form in any coordinate system but the precise values of permittivity and permeability will change. • The idea is quite straightforward: start with a field pattern that obeys Maxwell’s equations for a system that is topologically similar to the desired configuration but confined either to free space or a simple configuration of permittivity and permeability, then distort the system until the fields are in the desired configuration.
- 12. SSRS (SPLIT RING RESONATORS). •SSRs are pairs of concentric annular rings with splits in them at opposite ends. •Made of non-magnetic metal like copper and have small gaps between them. •These tiny ring like structures are assembled in giant crystalline structure.
- 14. USE OF METAMATERIAL AS INVISIBILITY CLOAK
- 15. THE INVISIBILITY CLOAK Metamaterials contain tiny implants which can control the refractive index at every point in a material. This would enable light to bend in a path around an object
- 16. APPLICATIONS • Cloaking military devices Invisible soldiers, airplanes, tanks.... • Diagnosing Disease Improving medical imaging by cloaking internal organs and tissue • Computing faster photonic computer chips replace of electronic computer chips • Harvesting Energy A system using negative materials that will harvest light on the scale of a wavelength • Magic, art, fashion show
- 17. LIMITATIONS •The Invisibility Effect works only for a specific range of wavelengths. It operated only over a narrow range of frequency. •The cloak could be used to cover the volume of any shape, but moving the material would spoil the effect. •It is not very easy to get negative refractive index.
- 18. CONCLUSION •Is invisibility possible? ----> Yes! •Is invisibility simple to accomplish? ---> No! •However, we have already realised the 2D invisibility, we created the special material--->Metamaterial which has a lot of applications. •Further research in the field is going on.
- 19. THANK YOU
- 20. REFERENCES • http://www.seminarstopics.com/seminar/525/invisibility/ • http://www.slideshare.net/AbhinavSagar/optical-camouflage- abhinavppt • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloaking_device • http://www.nature.com/subjects/transformation-optics • https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/not-a-fantasy-anymore-yes- invisibility-is-now-possible.html
- 21. •Submitted by: Ashish kumar ECE Roll No- 2013-2010 UIT, BU.