The document provides an introduction to HTML and explains various HTML tags and concepts. It defines HTML as a markup language used to create web pages and describes common tags such as <html>, <head>, <body>, <p>, <b>, <i>, <font>, <hr>, and heading tags <h1>-<h6>. It also covers inserting images, hyperlinks, and lists in HTML documents. The document is intended as an introductory guide for learning basic HTML syntax and features.
The document provides an introduction to HTML and describes several important HTML elements and tags. It explains that HTML is used to create documents on the World Wide Web and is platform independent. It also describes common HTML tags such as <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, <TITLE>, character formatting tags (<B>, <I>, etc.), paragraph tags (<P>, <BR>, <PRE>), and other tags like <HR> and header tags (<H1>-<H6>).
The document provides an introduction to HTML and describes its basic components and tags. It explains that HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It also outlines some key HTML tags such as <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> which are used to define an HTML document. Additionally, it describes other common tags like <b>, <i>, <font> that are used to format text elements on web pages.
The document provides an introduction to HTML, including its objectives, tools, terminology, and how to create an HTML document. It discusses important HTML tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY> and describes how to format text using tags like <B>, <I>, <FONT>. It also explains how to save and view an HTML file in a web browser.
HTML is a markup language used to structure and present content on the World Wide Web. It introduces common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and images. The document discusses HTML tags for text formatting, headings, paragraphs, lines, and rules. It also covers creating an HTML file, saving it, and viewing it in a web browser to see the structured content.
The document provides an introduction to HTML by explaining:
1. HTML is a markup language used to create web pages and describe elements like headings, paragraphs, and tables. Tags are used to mark up elements and browsers interpret the tags to display pages.
2. The basic structure of an HTML document includes <html>, <head>, and <body> tags where <head> contains the title and <body> holds the visible page content.
3. Common text formatting tags are described like <b> for bold, <i> for italics, and <font> for changing color and size.
The document discusses HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It provides an introduction to HTML, explaining that HTML is used to create documents for display on the World Wide Web and is made up of markup tags. It also outlines some of the basic HTML tags needed to create a simple HTML document, including <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, and common text formatting tags like <B> and <I>.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create documents for display on the World Wide Web. It uses tags to define headings, paragraphs, lists, and other elements. An HTML document contains a head and body. The head contains metadata like the title. The body contains the visible page content. HTML uses tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <br> for line breaks to structure text. It also has tags for images, tables, forms, and other rich content. HTML allows easy creation of hyperlinks to other documents on the web.
The document provides an introduction to HTML and describes several important HTML elements and tags. It explains that HTML is used to create documents on the World Wide Web and is platform independent. It also describes common HTML tags such as <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, <TITLE>, character formatting tags (<B>, <I>, etc.), paragraph tags (<P>, <BR>, <PRE>), and other tags like <HR> and header tags (<H1>-<H6>).
The document provides an introduction to HTML and describes its basic components and tags. It explains that HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It also outlines some key HTML tags such as <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> which are used to define an HTML document. Additionally, it describes other common tags like <b>, <i>, <font> that are used to format text elements on web pages.
The document provides an introduction to HTML, including its objectives, tools, terminology, and how to create an HTML document. It discusses important HTML tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY> and describes how to format text using tags like <B>, <I>, <FONT>. It also explains how to save and view an HTML file in a web browser.
HTML is a markup language used to structure and present content on the World Wide Web. It introduces common HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and images. The document discusses HTML tags for text formatting, headings, paragraphs, lines, and rules. It also covers creating an HTML file, saving it, and viewing it in a web browser to see the structured content.
The document provides an introduction to HTML by explaining:
1. HTML is a markup language used to create web pages and describe elements like headings, paragraphs, and tables. Tags are used to mark up elements and browsers interpret the tags to display pages.
2. The basic structure of an HTML document includes <html>, <head>, and <body> tags where <head> contains the title and <body> holds the visible page content.
3. Common text formatting tags are described like <b> for bold, <i> for italics, and <font> for changing color and size.
The document discusses HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It provides an introduction to HTML, explaining that HTML is used to create documents for display on the World Wide Web and is made up of markup tags. It also outlines some of the basic HTML tags needed to create a simple HTML document, including <HTML>, <HEAD>, <BODY>, and common text formatting tags like <B> and <I>.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create documents for display on the World Wide Web. It uses tags to define headings, paragraphs, lists, and other elements. An HTML document contains a head and body. The head contains metadata like the title. The body contains the visible page content. HTML uses tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <br> for line breaks to structure text. It also has tags for images, tables, forms, and other rich content. HTML allows easy creation of hyperlinks to other documents on the web.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to annotate text with information about headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and other elements. Common tags in HTML include <html> <head> and <body> to define overall page structure, as well as <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <a> for links. HTML documents are viewed in web browsers, which interpret the tags and display page elements accordingly.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to describe headings, paragraphs, lists, and other elements. An HTML document contains tags like <html>, <head>, and <body> and is viewed using a web browser. HTML allows easy creation of web pages but has limitations as a static language without dynamic capabilities. It also requires keeping up with deprecated tags.
This document provides an introduction to HTML, including its purpose for creating web pages, basic terminology like tags and elements, how to create an HTML document, text formatting tags, section headings, special characters, and advantages and disadvantages of HTML. It explains how to set up the basic structure of an HTML document with the <html>, <head>, and <body> tags and describes various tags for formatting text, inserting images, and creating lists and links.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers key topics such as:
- The structure of an HTML document which includes elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>
- Common HTML elements for formatting text such as headings, paragraphs, and bold/italic tags
- How to add colors to text using hexadecimal codes, RGB values, or color names
- Other tags like <hr> for horizontal rules and <font> for fonts, though <font> is not recommended for HTML5
WEB PROGRAMMING- Web page creation using HTML Tagsjananisairam
This document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and covers various HTML tags for formatting text and creating lists. It discusses common HTML terminology like tags, paired tags, and unpaired tags. It describes the basic structure of an HTML document using <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags. Formatting tags covered include <b>, <i>, <sub>, <sup>, <small>, <big>, and <u>. The <marquee> tag is introduced for scrolling text. Headings from <h1> to <h6> are explained. Finally, the document demonstrates how to create unordered lists using <ul> and <li> tags and ordered lists using
The document provides an overview of full stack web development, including front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript and back-end technologies like PHP, Java, and Python. It discusses how websites are structured and hosted, how web pages are built using HTML, and how text editors can be used to write HTML code. It also covers common web development terms like protocols, URLs, and how CSS is used to style web pages.
INTRODUCTION FOR HTMlHTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
The <h1> element defines a large heading
The <p> element defines a paragraph
Web development is the process of building and maintaining websites. It involves coding languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, and C/C++. HTTP is the protocol for communication between web clients and servers. When a client like a browser makes an HTTP request, the server processes it and returns an HTTP response. Common elements of web pages include headings, paragraphs, links, images, forms, tables and lists.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers topics such as:
- HTML is used to create web pages and is made up of tags that describe different elements.
- The basic structure of an HTML document includes <html>, <head>, and <body> tags. The <title> tag goes inside the <head>.
- Formatting tags like <h1>-<h6> are used for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <br> for line breaks.
- Lists can be ordered using <ol> or unordered using <ul>.
- Character styles can be set with tags like <b>, <i>, etc. Font properties are set with <font>.
-
In this course, the student will be taught to create their own webpages with Notepad, the basic text editor of the Windows operating system. It will be ensure that the students learn the basic structure and syntax of HTML.
This document provides an agenda for an HTML tutorial. It begins with an introduction to HTML that defines it as a markup language and describes HTML tags, page structure, and web browsers. It then discusses HTML versions and editors. The agenda is divided into parts that cover basic HTML tags, forms, and other specific tags. It provides examples and screenshots of how tags appear in browsers. The document serves as a guide for teaching HTML basics and tags through an organized tutorial structure.
HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tagssuser6478a8
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to structure and format web page content. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, and lists. Developers use HTML to build the skeleton of websites and web apps. A web browser reads HTML tags and displays the structured content.
Markup language classification, designing static and dynamicAnkita Bhalla
The document discusses various markup languages used to create static and dynamic web pages. It describes how static pages are fixed and do not change, while dynamic pages can be modified at runtime through scripts. It provides details on HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side scripts for creating dynamic content. Key topics covered include using tags like <div> for layouts, <img> for images, and JavaScript for basic interactivity. The document compares the processing of static versus dynamic pages and outlines benefits of dynamic pages like personalization and database access.
Unit 7 introduces HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which is used to structure and present content for the web. HTML has two main components: hypertext, which allows users to navigate between pages by clicking links, and markup, which involves using tags to structure text. Some key advantages of HTML are that it is easy to learn and use, free, supported by most browsers, easy to edit without special tools, and integrates well with other languages. The basic structure of an HTML document involves tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. HTML editors can be either text-based or WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) and allow writing and viewing HTML code.
The document provides an overview of three modules that cover topics in web technologies including the Internet, World Wide Web, HTML, JavaScript, CSS, DOM, CGI/Perl, Java Applets and more. Key concepts covered include how the Internet and WWW work, protocols, building websites using HTML, JavaScript programming fundamentals, external and internal CSS stylesheets, the HTML and XML DOM models, introducing CGI and Perl scripting, and writing Java applets. References for additional reading on related topics are also provided.
The document provides information about markup languages and their history. It discusses several early markup languages including:
- GenCode (1967), one of the first markup language concepts
- TeX (1970s-80s), a publishing standard created by Donald Knuth
- Scribe (1980), the first language to distinguish between structure and presentation
- SGML (1986), a metalanguage that defines rules for tagging elements
- HTML (1991), originally designed based on SGML for web documents
It then covers HTML tags, attributes, different types of headings and paragraphs, comments, backgrounds, links, lists, text formatting, and character entities. The document provides examples and explanations for many common HTML elements.
The document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It discusses that HTML was created to allow for hypertext links within and between web documents, representing a departure from traditional printed books. It then covers the origins of HTML in SGML and its evolution into a presentation language. The rest of the document outlines basic HTML elements and tags for document structure, text formatting, lists, images, and links.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to annotate text with information about headings, paragraphs, lists, links, and other elements. Common tags in HTML include <html> <head> and <body> to define overall page structure, as well as <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <a> for links. HTML documents are viewed in web browsers, which interpret the tags and display page elements accordingly.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to describe headings, paragraphs, lists, and other elements. An HTML document contains tags like <html>, <head>, and <body> and is viewed using a web browser. HTML allows easy creation of web pages but has limitations as a static language without dynamic capabilities. It also requires keeping up with deprecated tags.
This document provides an introduction to HTML, including its purpose for creating web pages, basic terminology like tags and elements, how to create an HTML document, text formatting tags, section headings, special characters, and advantages and disadvantages of HTML. It explains how to set up the basic structure of an HTML document with the <html>, <head>, and <body> tags and describes various tags for formatting text, inserting images, and creating lists and links.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers key topics such as:
- The structure of an HTML document which includes elements like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>
- Common HTML elements for formatting text such as headings, paragraphs, and bold/italic tags
- How to add colors to text using hexadecimal codes, RGB values, or color names
- Other tags like <hr> for horizontal rules and <font> for fonts, though <font> is not recommended for HTML5
WEB PROGRAMMING- Web page creation using HTML Tagsjananisairam
This document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and covers various HTML tags for formatting text and creating lists. It discusses common HTML terminology like tags, paired tags, and unpaired tags. It describes the basic structure of an HTML document using <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags. Formatting tags covered include <b>, <i>, <sub>, <sup>, <small>, <big>, and <u>. The <marquee> tag is introduced for scrolling text. Headings from <h1> to <h6> are explained. Finally, the document demonstrates how to create unordered lists using <ul> and <li> tags and ordered lists using
The document provides an overview of full stack web development, including front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript and back-end technologies like PHP, Java, and Python. It discusses how websites are structured and hosted, how web pages are built using HTML, and how text editors can be used to write HTML code. It also covers common web development terms like protocols, URLs, and how CSS is used to style web pages.
INTRODUCTION FOR HTMlHTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
The <h1> element defines a large heading
The <p> element defines a paragraph
Web development is the process of building and maintaining websites. It involves coding languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, and C/C++. HTTP is the protocol for communication between web clients and servers. When a client like a browser makes an HTTP request, the server processes it and returns an HTTP response. Common elements of web pages include headings, paragraphs, links, images, forms, tables and lists.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers topics such as:
- HTML is used to create web pages and is made up of tags that describe different elements.
- The basic structure of an HTML document includes <html>, <head>, and <body> tags. The <title> tag goes inside the <head>.
- Formatting tags like <h1>-<h6> are used for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <br> for line breaks.
- Lists can be ordered using <ol> or unordered using <ul>.
- Character styles can be set with tags like <b>, <i>, etc. Font properties are set with <font>.
-
In this course, the student will be taught to create their own webpages with Notepad, the basic text editor of the Windows operating system. It will be ensure that the students learn the basic structure and syntax of HTML.
This document provides an agenda for an HTML tutorial. It begins with an introduction to HTML that defines it as a markup language and describes HTML tags, page structure, and web browsers. It then discusses HTML versions and editors. The agenda is divided into parts that cover basic HTML tags, forms, and other specific tags. It provides examples and screenshots of how tags appear in browsers. The document serves as a guide for teaching HTML basics and tags through an organized tutorial structure.
HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tagssuser6478a8
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to structure and format web page content. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, and lists. Developers use HTML to build the skeleton of websites and web apps. A web browser reads HTML tags and displays the structured content.
Markup language classification, designing static and dynamicAnkita Bhalla
The document discusses various markup languages used to create static and dynamic web pages. It describes how static pages are fixed and do not change, while dynamic pages can be modified at runtime through scripts. It provides details on HTML, CSS, JavaScript and server-side scripts for creating dynamic content. Key topics covered include using tags like <div> for layouts, <img> for images, and JavaScript for basic interactivity. The document compares the processing of static versus dynamic pages and outlines benefits of dynamic pages like personalization and database access.
Unit 7 introduces HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which is used to structure and present content for the web. HTML has two main components: hypertext, which allows users to navigate between pages by clicking links, and markup, which involves using tags to structure text. Some key advantages of HTML are that it is easy to learn and use, free, supported by most browsers, easy to edit without special tools, and integrates well with other languages. The basic structure of an HTML document involves tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. HTML editors can be either text-based or WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) and allow writing and viewing HTML code.
The document provides an overview of three modules that cover topics in web technologies including the Internet, World Wide Web, HTML, JavaScript, CSS, DOM, CGI/Perl, Java Applets and more. Key concepts covered include how the Internet and WWW work, protocols, building websites using HTML, JavaScript programming fundamentals, external and internal CSS stylesheets, the HTML and XML DOM models, introducing CGI and Perl scripting, and writing Java applets. References for additional reading on related topics are also provided.
The document provides information about markup languages and their history. It discusses several early markup languages including:
- GenCode (1967), one of the first markup language concepts
- TeX (1970s-80s), a publishing standard created by Donald Knuth
- Scribe (1980), the first language to distinguish between structure and presentation
- SGML (1986), a metalanguage that defines rules for tagging elements
- HTML (1991), originally designed based on SGML for web documents
It then covers HTML tags, attributes, different types of headings and paragraphs, comments, backgrounds, links, lists, text formatting, and character entities. The document provides examples and explanations for many common HTML elements.
The document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It discusses that HTML was created to allow for hypertext links within and between web documents, representing a departure from traditional printed books. It then covers the origins of HTML in SGML and its evolution into a presentation language. The rest of the document outlines basic HTML elements and tags for document structure, text formatting, lists, images, and links.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
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1. INTRODUTION TO HTML
Explained By:
Sarbjit Kaur.
Lecturer, Department of Computer Application,
PGG.C.G., Sector: 42, Chandigarh
2. HTML CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• OBJECTIVE OF HTML
• WORLD WIDE WEB
• HTML TOOLS
• HTML TERMINOLGY
• HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
• S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT
• TEXT TEGS
• SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
3. INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• HTML is a language for describing web pages.
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• HTML uses markup tags to describe web
pages
4. INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the
World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called ‘Tags’
that are helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a browser
on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be used
on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To display
a document in web it is essential to mark-up the different e l eme n t s (
h e a d i n g s , p a r a g r a p h s , t a b l e s , a n d s o o n ) o f t h e
document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up document u s e r h a s
t o o p e n t h e d o c u m e n t i n a b r o w s e r . A b r o w s e r
understands and interpret the HTML tags, identifies the structure of the
document (which part are which) and makes decision about presentation
(how the parts look) of the document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look
attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User can make a link to the
other document or the different section of the same document by
creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks
5. OBJECTIVE OF HTML
• create, save and view a HTML document
• format a web page using section heading tags
• describe Ordered and Unordered lists
• explain graphics in HTML document
• describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
6. WORLD WIDE WEB
• The World Wide Web (abbreviated
as WWW or W3 and commonly known as the
Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet. With a web browser, one can
view web pages that may contain text, images,
videos, and other multimedia and navigate
between them via hyperlinks.
7. HTML TOOLS
• There are two tools of HTML.
a) HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses to
create and save HTML documents. They fall into
two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows one to see the
HTML code as one is creating a document.e.g.
Notepad.
- Netscape composer
8. HTML TOOLS
b) Web Browser: it is the program that one uses
to view and test the HTML documents. They
translate Html encoded files into
text,image,sounds and other features user
see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic Chrome are
examples of browsers that enables user to
view text and images and many more other
World Wide Web featueres.They are software
that must be installed on user computer.
9. HTML TERMINOLGY
• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
• a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles brackets. it is a
piece of text is used to identify an element so that the
browser realizes how to display its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag
indicates the start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be
two types. They are:-
• -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed
between a tag and its companions tag.In paired tag ,the
first tag is referred to as opening tag and the second tag is
referred to as closing tag.
• -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a
companion tag .unpaired tag also known as singular or
Stand-Alone tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.
10. HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that specified in the opening angle
brackets. It supplies additional information like color,size,home font-style etc to
the browser about a tag. E.g. most of the common attributes are height,
color,width,src,border,align etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules written in standard
Generalized Markup Language(SGML).HTML is define in terms of its DTDS. All the
details of HTML tags, entities and related document structure are defined in the
DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s structure such as a title, a
paragraph or a list. It can include an opening and a closing tag and the contents
within it.
11. HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
• The essential tags that are required to create a
HTML document are:
• <HTML>.............</HTML>
• <HEAD>.............</HEAD>
• <BODY>.............</BODY>
12. HTML Tag <HTML>
• The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text
within your document. It is an optional tag. You can create an HTML
document that omits these tags, and your browser can still read it
and display it. But it is always a good form to include the start and
stop tags.The format is:
• <HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here
• </HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag. The
closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.
13. An HTML document has two distinct parts HEAD and
BODY
• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>
14. HEAD Tag <HEAD>
• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It
contains TITLE tag to give the document a title
that displays on the browsers title bar at the top.
The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
15. BODY Tag <BODY>
• The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document
with all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting of
the page.The Format is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,
Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.
16. Attributes used with <BODY>
• BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r
f o r t h e document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
• TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document
Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color
17. Attributes used with <BODY>
• MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document
LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
• TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
18. Attributes used with <BODY>
• BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an image file
(the files with an extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be
used as the background of the document. The image
file will be tiled across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>
19. Follow the steps to create and view in
browser
• Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d ( c l i c k o n Star
t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
20. S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L
DOCUMENT
• Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to
File-Save As give File name: myfirstpage.html-
choose save as type: All Files-click save)
• Step-4: Viewing document in web browser
(open Internet Explorer-click on File-Open-
Browse-select the file myfirstpage.html-click
open-click ok
21. TEXT TEGS
• Text tag are dividing into two categories as:
-Character-level tags and attributes which
applies to formatting of individual letters or
words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
22. Character Formatting Tag
• The character formatting tags are used to
specify how a particular text should be
displayed on the screen to distinguish certain
characters within the document.
23. The most common character
formatting tags are
• Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
• Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
• Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript
• Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript
• Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font
• Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
• Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello
24. Font Colors and Size:<FONT>
• By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors,
size of the text. Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear
on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000
for red (in RGB hexadecimal format), or by name.
Example: <FONT COLOR="RED"> Your text goes
here </FONT>
25. Font Colors and Size:<FONT
• SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it
will add with the default size.
• Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on
the user’s machine.
• Example:
• <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in
Arial</FONT>
26. An HTML document formatText.html shows the use of
Character Formatting Tags.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
28. MARQUEE TAG
• This tag is used text horizontally across the
screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a
page.
• Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>
29. Attributes of marquee tag
• Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the
marquee.
• Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box
to either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down
and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee should
be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one
loop.
30. paragraph Formatting Tag
• Paragraph level formatting applies to
formatting of an entire portion of text unlike
character level tags where only individual
letters or words are formatted.
31. The most common paragraph
formatting tags are
• Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h i s t a g < P > i n d i c a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e d
t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with a blank line.
• Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here</P>
• Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
32. Using Line Break Tag: <BR>
• The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start
from a new line and not continue on the same line. To get
every sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line
break.
• Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Calipash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004
33. Using Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i
n g a n d l i n e b r e a k s s u c h a s t y p i n g a p o e m . B
r o w s e r preserves your space and line break in the text written
inside the tag.
• Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-11004
34. An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,
<BR> and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
35. An HTML document control.html shows the use of <P>,
<BR> and <PRE>
</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
36. OUTPUT
• HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
37. Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>
• An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and
horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two sections of
text.
• Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her
38. <HR> accepts following attributes
• SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given as a pixel
value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative width as percentage of
the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It is applicable if
it is not equal to width of the page.
• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies that the
horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
• COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
39. HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>tags
HTML has six header tags <H1>,
<H2>...........<H6> used to specify section
headings. Text with header tags is displayed in
larger and bolder fonts than the normal body
text by a web browser. Every .header leaves a
blank line above and below it when displayed
in browse.
40. Example: An HTML document, headings.html shows
the different section headings
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
41. Viewing output of HTML document
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1
This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3
This is Section Heading 4
This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
44. ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not
comply with standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost every website, if
not all websites.
• Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used
for data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
• Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
45. DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
• It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static
language
• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to
grasp
• You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not
to use them
• Deprecated tags appear because another language that works
with HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the
other language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is
CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are limited