It is Introduction Lecture to networking and used as Introduction.

1. Welding Courses Institute Pakistan-
CSWIP and NDT
CSWIP 3.1 (Welding Inspector)
Introduction Course

2. Introduction Class
• CSWIP = Certified Scheme for Welding Inspection Personnel
• TWI UK
(The Welding Institute Cambridge)
• CSWIP 3.0 _______Level 01
• CSWIP 3.1 _______Level 02
• CSWIP 3.2 (3.2.1 , 3.2.2) _________ Level 03
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

3. Exam Criteria
Total Five Papers
Exam Papers and Duration
Paper Questions Passing Marks Duration
General Paper 30 21 45
Technology
Paper
60 42 1 hour and
15 mins
Macro Paper
(A,B)
12 Each 9 30 mins
Break
Plate Paper 20 14 1 hour and
15 Mins
Pipe Paper 20 14 1 hour and
45 Mins
Total Time
Duration 6 hours
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan
Certification Expire Time:
• Valid for 5 Years
• Can be renew by
paying Fee.
• After 10 years
• Re-Exam

4. Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

5. Materials Technologies
Metals:
Properties:
Crystal Structure
Electrical Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity
High Melting Temperature
Example:
Fe, Al, Cu, Ni (Pure Metals)
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

6. Metalloids:
Properties:
 They are semi-conductors
 Having some properties of Metals and Non-Metals
Example:
C (Carbon)
Si (Silicon)
Br (Boron) etc.
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

7. Non Metals (Non Conductor Insulators)
They are Non conductor to Electricity
For Example:
Inert Gasses:
• Argon and Helium
Active Gasses:
• CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
• H2 (Hydrogen)
• N2 (Nitrogen)
• O2 (Oxygen)
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

8. Types of Metals
There are two types of metals,
1. Ferrous Metals Iron Ore
2. Non-Ferrous Metals Other Metals Base
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

9. Ferrite Metals
 Body Central Cubic (B.C.C), Crystal Structure (CS)
 Alpha Iron (α) _ Ferrite
 Room Temp.
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

10. Austenite Metals
 Face Central Cubic (F.C.C) Structure
 Gamma Iron (γ)
 High Temp.
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

11. Pure Metals
Pure Form of Metals
E.g. Fe, Al, Cu, Ni
• Alloys:
Combination of two or more Metals
E.g. Steel
This is the Alloy of Fe + C + Alloying Elements
The Amount of Carbon maximum 1.7%
(Minor Quantity of Alloying Elements)
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

12. Types OF Steel
Carbon Steel (C.S)
Alloy Steel (A.S)
Carbon Steel:
Properties control by the Percentage of Carbon.
Alloy Steel:
Properties Control by the Percentage of Alloys.
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

13. Process of Making Iron
Reduction Process:
 Raw Material (Fe2O4), (Fe2O3)
 Removal of Oxygen
 Fe Making in Blast Furnace
 Product Pig Iron 3-4% Carbon.
Process of Making Steel:
Oxidation Process:
 Addition of Oxygen
 Steel making in electric Induction Furnace
 Carbon content Max. 1.7%
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

14. Types of Carbon Steel
i. Low Carbon Steel
ii. Medium Carbon Steel
iii. High Carbon Steel
I) Low Carbon Steel:
 0.01% Carbon to <= 0.3% Carbon
II) Medium Carbon Steel:
 0.3% Carbon to <= 0.6% Carbon
III) High Carbon Steel:
 0.6% carbon to <= 1.4% Carbon
 Steel ---- Approx. Maximum 1.7% Carbon
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

15. Types of Steel W.R.T Silicon
i. Rimming Steel:
• Without Silicon
• Low Quality Steel used as Electrode wire in MMA/SMAW welding Process
ii. Killed Steel:
• With Silicon
• Killed steels are used in various steel treatments, including alloy steels, forging steels,
and carburizing steels
iii) Semi-Killed Steel:
• Deoxidized Steel
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

16. Types of Alloy Steel
1. Low Allow Steel
2. High Alloy Steel OR Stainless Steel
Low Alloy Steel:
<= 7% Alloying Elements
High Alloy Steel:
 7% Alloying Steel
 E.g. Stainless Steel
Chromium Cr = min 11.5%
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17. Types of Stainless Steel
I. Martensitic
II. Ferritic
III. Austenitic
IV. Precipitation Hardening
V. Duplex
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

18. Martensitic Stainless Steel:
AISI Series = 400
(American Iron and Steel Institution)
Proper ties = Magnetic
AISI Type Cr % Ni % Other
403 11.5 - 13 Nil Nil
410 11.5 – 13.5 Nil Nil
420 12 - 14 Nil Nil
Straight Chrome Stainless Steel
Chromium (11.5% – 14%)
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

19. Ferritic Stainless Steel
AISI Type 400 series
Properties: Magnetic
AISI Type Cr % Ni % Other
430 14-18 Nil Nil
446 23-27 Nil Nil
• Straight Chrome
• Chrome Range (14%-27%)
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

20. Austenitic Stainless Steel
Properties = Non Magnetic
• High Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
• Low Thermal Conductivity
• Weld Decay Occurrence
• High Temp. Application
AISI Type C% Cr% Ni% Other
304 Approx. 0.08 18-20 8-12 Low Temp.
304L <= 0.03 18-20 8-12 Low Temp.
316 C <=0.03 18-20 8-12 2-3% Mo
316L C <=0.03 18-20 8-12 High Temp.
321 5 X C 18-20 8-12 5 X C = Ti
347 5 X C 18-12 8-12 5 X C = Nb
Molybdenum (Mo) = Creep Resistance Element
Titanium (Ti) = Stabilizer
Niobium (Nb) = Stabilizer
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

21. Precipitation Hardening SS:
Property = Non=Magnetic
AISI Type Cr% Ni% Other
329 15 5 Nil
3RE 60 17 4 Nil
44L 17 7 Nil
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

22. Duplex Stainless Steel
Property = Duel (Magnetic and Non Magnetic)
AISI Type Cr% Ni% Other
329L 25 4.5 Nil
3RE 60 18.5 5 Nil
44LN 25 6 Nil
Duel Phase:
Austinite (High Temp.)
Ferrite (Low Temp.)
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan

23. General Information About Welding
Welding Brazing
Joining of Metal Joining of Metal
Heating Above Melting Temp. of
Base Metal
Heating Below Melting Temp. of
Base Metal
With or Without Filler Metal Only melting with Filler Metal
With or Without Pressure Temp. => 450 Celsius
Soldering Temp. => 450 Celsius
Qualification is Compulsory Qualification not Mandatory
Mechanical Properties Must Match
with Parent Metal
Mechanical Properties may not
Match with Parent Metal
Autogenous Welding or Puddling:
A welding without Filler Metal.
e.g. Pressure and fusion
Welding Courses Institute Pakistan