Download to read offline
Uploaded bynoT yeT wOrKinG!! i M sTilL sTuDInG!!
Chapter01 wordbuildingrules Terminology
This document provides an overview of medical terminology and word building rules. It discusses the basic components of medical terms including prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and combining forms. Rules are provided for using combining vowels, suffixes, and prefixes. Pronunciation guidelines are also introduced to help identify sounds based on spelling. The document aims to establish a foundational understanding of medical terminology.
Chapter01 wordbuildingrules Terminology
- 1.
- 2. 2 What isthe Terminology ??? • Basic Medical language • Explain body parts • Pathological conditions • Diagnostic techniques
- 3. 3 CHAPTER 1 • Word • Building Rules
- 4. 4 Word BuildingRules Learning rules for combining word parts First we learn about the basic parts of medical term)
- 5. 5 • Basicfoundation of a word – Component parts are added to change meaning • Example word: cardiologist – cardi (word root) = heart – Words with cardi will always refer to the heart
- 6. 6 • Vowelis called a combining vowel – Usually an o – occasionally an i – Combining vowels join word parts appropriately
- 7. 7 • Whenusing more than one word root – as in compound word • i.e. 1.HEPAT-O-2.CYTES – Combining vowel is needed to separate the different word roots – Usually done whether or not second or third word root begins with a vowel
- 8. 8 Combining Vowels:Rule if the second word root begin with vowel...??? • Example word: myoelectric – Breakdown of word: my/o/electr/ic • Note: root + vowel = combining form – my + o = my/o/electric even second root begin with vowel.
- 9. 9 if thesecond word root begin with consonant...??? – Breakdown of word: HEPAT/O/CYTES – Root = HEPAT – Combining vowel = o – Root = CYT – Suffix = ES – Here again to separate two root we use vowel even here second root begin with the consonant.
- 10. 10 Combining Vowels:Rule • A word cannot end in a combining form to complete term should add suffix. –Drop the combining vowel –Add a suffix –Makes the word a noun or an adjective
- 11. 11 Combining Vowels:Rule • Example word: megalocardia – Breakdown of word: megal/o/card/ia – Root = megal – Combining vowel = o – Root = card – Suffix = ia • Note: Word cannot be megal/o/card/o – Must drop combining vowel o – Must add ending
- 12. 12 Suffix •Attaches to the end of the word root – Makes a word a noun or an adjective • Meaning of suffix remains the same – Suffix changes meaning of root to which it is attached
- 13. 13 Suffix: Rule • If suffix begins with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u,) – Root will attach directly to it HEPAT/ITIS itis begin with i no need of vowel. • If suffix begins with a consonant – Root will need a combining vowel before attaching to the suffix CARDI/O/CYTES here cytes is begin with c need of vowel.
- 14. 14 Suffix: Rule • Example word: cardiogram – Breakdown of word: cardi/o/gram – Root = cardi – Combining vowel = o – Suffix = gram • Note: Suffix begins with a consonant Combining vowel is needed
- 15. 15 Suffix: Rule • Example word: cardialgia – Breakdown of word: cardi/algia – Root = cardi – Suffix = algia • Note: Suffix begins with a vowel – Combining vowel is not needed
- 16. 16 Prefix •Attaches to the beginning of a word • Meaning of prefix always remains the same – Prefix changes meaning of root to which it is attached – Not all words have prefixes
- 17. 17 Prefix: Rule • Example word: endocardium – Breakdown of word: endo/cardi/um – Prefix = endo – Root = cardi – Suffix = um • Prefix attaches directly to beginning of word – Note: Combining vowel is not needed
- 18. 18 Word Structure • Review – Prefix is placed at beginning of word – Suffix is placed at end of word root – Combining forms are used when word has more than one word root = compound word
- 19. 19 Word Structure • Review – Compound words are usually composed in the following order: – Combining form + word root + suffix – Example: – (Combining form) + word root + suffix
- 20. 20 Word Structure • Review • Defining a medical term: – Define suffix first – Read from right to left and define each word element • Example: carditis – Suffix = itis = inflammation – Word root = card = heart – Definition = inflammation of the heart
- 21. 21 • Review • Medical words with prefixes – Define suffix first, prefix second, word roots last Word Structure
- 22. 22 Word Structure • Example: intracardiac – Suffix = ac = pertaining to – Prefix = intra = within – Word root = cardi = heart – Definition = pertaining to within the heart
- 23. 23 Word Structure • Review • When medical words identify body systems or parts – Define suffix first, body organs in order they are studied in body system
- 24. 24 • Example:cardiopulmonary – Suffix = ary = pertaining to – Body organ = cardi = heart – Body organ = pulmon = lungs – Definition = pertaining to the heart and the lungs Word Structure
- 25. 25 Pronunciation Guidelines • Pronunciation of medical word • May be exactly like it sounds – Example: febrile = ‘f’ sound, begins with ‘f’ • May begin with a letter, or letters that produces the same phonetic sound –Example: physiology = ‘f’ sound, begins with ‘ph’
- 26. 26 Pronunciation Guidelines • If it sounds like ‘f’ – Look for ‘f’ = febrile – Look for ‘ph’ = physiology • If it sounds like ‘j’ – Look for ‘j’ = jejunum – Look for ‘ge’ = genesis – Look for ‘gi’ = gingivitis – Look for ‘gy’ = gyrus
- 27. 27 Pronunciation Guidelines • If it sounds like ‘k’ – Look for ‘k’ = kyphosis (backward curvature of supine) – Look for ‘c’ = cornea ( part of eye) – Look for ‘ch’ = chorion( fetal covering layer) – Look for ‘qu’ = quadruplet( represent four) • If it sounds like ‘n’ – Look for ‘n’ = neonatal(baby of 28 day) – Look for ‘pn’ = pneumonia( lung infection) – Look for ‘kn’ = knee
- 28. 28 Pronunciation Guidelines • If it sounds like ‘s’ – Look for ‘s’ = sarcoma( connective tissue cancer) – Look for ‘c’ = cervix( reproductive part) – Look for ‘ps’ = psychology • If it sounds like ‘sk’ – Look for ‘sk’ = skeleton – Look for ‘sc’ = sclera – Look for ‘sch’ = schizophrenia( psychosis)
- 29. 29 Pronunciation Guidelines • If it sounds like ‘z’ – Look for ‘z’ = zygomatic( cheek bone) – Look for ‘x’ = xanthoma( fat deposition)
- 30. 30 Additional PronunciationRules • Words that begin with ‘c’ – If followed by ‘e’, ‘i’, or ‘y’ – Pronounced as soft ‘c’ – Has ‘j’ sound • Examples – ‘ce’ = cervix – ‘ci’ = circumduction( removal of foreskin of penis) – ‘cy’ = cyst( thick wall fluid filled )
- 31. 31 Additional PronunciationRules • Words that begin with ‘c’ – If followed by ‘a’, ‘o’, ‘u’, or consonant – Pronounced as hard ‘c’ – Has a ‘k’ sound • Examples – ‘ca’ = cancer – ‘co’ = collagen( fibrous protien) – ‘cu’ = cuticle (thin covering) – ‘ch’ = cheiloplasty (Lip Surgery)
- 32. 32 Additional PronunciationRules • Word roots that end in ‘g’ – If followed by ‘e’ or ‘i’ – Pronounced as soft ‘g’ – Sounds like ‘j’ • Examples – Laryng / ectomy – Pharyng / itis
- 33. 33 Additional PronunciationRules • Word roots that end in ‘g’ – If followed by ‘a’, ‘o’, or consonant – Pronounced as hard ‘g’ – Has ‘guh’ sound • Examples – Laryng / algia – Mening / ocele – Glossal
- 34. 34 Possessive Forms • Some diseases are named after individuals – Pronounced and written in possessive forms • Eponym (EP-oh-nim) – Name for a disease, organ, procedure, or body function – Derived from the name of a person
- 35.