3. What is Biochemistry?
Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes
and substances that occur within living organisms, including the structure,
composition, and function of biomolecules.
4. H istory ofBiochem istry
1 B efore 19th Cen tury
The foundation of biochemistry was laid through early experiments on organic
compounds and the discovery of vital substances like enzymes and proteins.
2 19th Cen tury
Important discoveries were made, including the isolation of key biomolecules
such as DNA and the establishment of the cell theory.
3 20th Cen tury
Rapid advancements in biochemistry were made, including the deciphering of
the genetic code and the development of techniques like X-ray crystallography.
5. Key Concepts in Biochemistry
Structural Biology
Understanding the 3D structures of
biomolecules and their interactions is crucial for
deciphering their functions.
Metabolism
Investigating the chemical reactions and
pathways that occur in living organisms,
including energy production and biosynthesis.
Gene Expression
Studying how genetic information is transcribed
into functional proteins and the regulation of
gene expression.
Enzymology
Examining the properties and mechanisms of
enzymes, which catalyze important biochemical
reactions.
6. Biochem icalExperim ents an d
Techniques
Electrophoresis
Mass Spectrometry
PCR (Polymerase Chain
Reaction) Chromatography
Protein Purification
Microarray Analysis
Cryo-Electron Microscopy
7. Applications of Biochemistry
Medicine
Developing new drugs,
diagnosing diseases, and
understanding molecular
mechanisms behind illnesses.
Agriculture
Improving crop yields,
enhancing food quality, and
studying plant genetics.
Biotechnology
Utilizing biological systems for
industrial applications, such as
producing biofuels and
manufacturing
biopharmaceuticals.
8. CurrentR esearch in Biochem istry
CRISPR gene editing technology
Epigenetics and its impact on gene expression
Nanotechnology in drug delivery
Proteomics for studying protein interactions
Brain mapping and neurological disorders
9. Conclusion
Biochemistry plays a vital role in understanding the complexities of life. Its applications are diverse and
continually expanding, contributing to advancements in various fields.
