The document provides an overview of the history and development of horticulture. It begins with the origins of the word horticulture and its meaning of cultivated garden. It then discusses how early humans gathered plants and the beginnings of plant cultivation in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Key figures like Theophrastus and Linnaeus contributed to the early foundations of the science of horticulture. The document continues to discuss the growth of horticulture through the Renaissance and its introduction and development in America.

1. Introduction to Horticulture

2. Horticulture
 Word first used in 1600’s
 Comes from two Latin words
 Hortus “Garden”
 Cultura “Cultivation”
 Horticulture means “cultivated garden”
or “culture of garden plants”
 NOW MUCH MORE…

3. Life Sciences
 Biology is the branch of science that
deals with both plant and animal
organisms and life processes.
 Zoology is the part of biology that deals
with animals.
 Botany is the part of biology that deals
with plants.

4. Horticulture
 The science and practice of growing,
processing and marketing fruits,
vegetables, and ornamental plants.

5. Agronomy
 The science and practice of growing
field crops such as cotton, wheat,
tobacco, corn and soybeans.

6. Branches of Horticulture
 Olericulture
 The growing and study of vegetables.
 Pomology
 The growing and study of fruits and nuts.
 Viticulture
 The growing and study of grapes or vines.
 Floriculture
 The growing and study of flowers.

7. Branches of Horticulture
 Greenhouse Management
 The growing and study of plants in
greenhouses.
 Turfgrass Management
 The growing and study of turfgrasses. This
includes home, municipal, and commercial
lawns; sports turf maintenance; highway
rights-of-way; and seed and sod
production.

8. Branches of Horticulture
 Nursery Management
 The growing and study of trees and shrubs
that are produced primarily for landscape
purposes.
 Arboriculture
 The growing and study of trees.
 Known as silviculture in forestry.
 Synonymous with urban forestry.

9. Branches of Horticulture
 Landscape Horticulture
 The application of design and horticultural
principles to placement and care of plants
in the landscape.
 Interiorscaping
 The application of design and horticultural
principles to placement and care of plants
in indoor environments.

10. Branches of Horticulture
 Horticultural Therapy
 The use of horticultural plants and
methods as therapeutic tools with disabled
and disadvantaged people.

11. QUESTIONS?

12. Hypothesize - TPS
 Where did horticulture begin?
 Where will the history of horticulture
originate?
 Who invented it?

13. History of Horticulture
 “Garden of Eden”
 Romanticized garden of paradise.
 Ultimate goal throughout history.

14. History of Horticulture
 Prehistoric people
were primarily….
 Hunters and
gatherers.
 Collected seeds,
fruits, and nuts.

15. History of Horticulture
 Primitive people began to study plants.
 Is it edible?
 Does eating it modify well-being?
 Does it taste good?
 Can it used to keep me warm? As fuel? As
clothing?
 Is it useful to combat pain? Disease?

16. History of Horticulture
 When were plants
first cultivated?
 Neolithic Age (7000
– 10000 years ago)
 First farmers were
women!!!!

17. History of Horticulture
 By 3000 B.C. in
Egypt
 Land preparation
 Irrigation
 Pruning

18. History of Horticulture
 Meanwhile in Mesopotamia,
Babylonia, and Assyria…..
 Irrigation canals lined with burnt brick and sealed
with asphalt joints.
 This system kept 10,000 square miles under
cultivation…..
 Which fed 15,000,000 people
 Cultivated roses, figs, dates, grapes, and olives.

19. History of Horticulture
 Hanging Gardens of
Babylon
 Built by Nebuchadnezzar.
 One of 7 Wonders of the
Ancient World

20. History of Horticulture
 Eventually people began asking questions
such as…..
 How do they grow?
 How do they reproduce?
 How are they constructed?
 How are they nourished?
 How are they related to one another?
 How are traits passed from one
generation to the next?

21. History of Horticulture
 Meanwhile, back in
America……
 The Pre-Incas were
cultivating maize
(corn)

22. Hypothesize - TPS
What other crops were
Native American’s
growing?

23. History of Horticulture
 Other Indian crops
included……
 Potatoes
 Sweet potatoes
 Peppers
 Squash
 Tomatoes
 Cocoa

24. History of Horticulture
 The use of plant
products eventually
led to physicians,
pharmacists, and
scientists.

25. History of Horticulture
 Theophrastus
 1st scientific
horticulturist
 Student of Plato and
Aristotle
 Wrote the books
History of Plants and
The Causes of
Plants.

26. History of Horticulture
 History of Plants
 Morphology of roots, flowers, and leaves.
 Anatomical features such as bark, pith,
fibers, and vessels.
 The Causes of Plants
 Relationship of weather, soils, and agricultural practices.
 Importance of seeds
 Value of grafting
 Tastes and flagrances of plants
 Death of plants

27. History of Horticulture
 Dioscorides
 Early Christian Era
 Wrote about the
medicinal uses of
plants
 Proposed ideas
about the
relationship of plants

28. History of Horticulture
 Middle Ages
 Little advancement in horticulture
 Arabs (established botanical gardens)
 Scientific advances of Greeks and Romans
were preserved in monasteries.

29. History of Horticulture
 Renaissance
 Rebirth of energetic attention to scientific
discovery.
 Taxonomy, morphology, and anatomy
branches of botany began to grow.
 More and more plants were discovered due
to exploration which required a system of
classification.

30. History of Horticulture
 Linnaeus (1707-1778)
 Swedish botanist.
 Developed binomial
classification scheme for
plants.
 Based on their sexual or
flowering parts.
 Basis for all classification
systems today.
 Built upon the work of
the Greeks, especially
Dioscorides.

31. History of Horticulture
 As the Renaissance
evolved……
 Creation of formal
Gardens
 Versailles
 Belvedere in Vienna

32. History of Horticulture
 Improvements in fruit,
nut, and vegetable
production.
 Influx of new plants
from “the colonies”.
 Some of these plants
became mainstays
of European diets.

33. Horticulture in America
 When the Europeans arrived they
brought seeds, cuttings, and plants.
 Orchards were established
 Crops brought to America
 Oranges
 Wheat
 Cabbage

34. Horticulture in America
 Early horticulturists in America
 John Bartram
 George Washington
 Thomas Jefferson
 John Chapman
 aka. Johnny Appleseed

35. Horticulture in America
 New life in horticulture
 Morrill Act of 1862.
 Established land-grant
universities.
 Encouraged the growth
of agricultural knowledge.

36. Horticulture in America
 Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858-1954)
 “Father of American Horticulture”
 Educated at Michigan Agricultural College
 Present Day Michigan State University
 Then was a professor at Michigan
Agricultural College and at Cornell
University.

37. Horticulture in America
 Established the 1st horticulture
department
 Prodigious Writer
 Hortus
 Taxonomic index of horticultural plants.
 Cyclopedia of Horticulture
 Cultural and taxonomic information of plants.

38. Horticulture in America
 Established the Bailey
Hortorium.
 “things of the garden”
 Established the (ASHS)
American Society of
Horticulture Science in
1903.

39. Modern Day Horticulture
 New Cultivars
 Plant-Water
Relationships
 Temperature
 Light
 Plant Nutrition
 The Rhizosphere
 Integrated Pest
Management
 Plant Growth Regulators
 Mechanization
 Post Harvest Factors