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![References
[1] Cedric Florens and Robert McEliece, “Packet Distribution Algorithms for Sensor Networks”, IEEE INFOCOM 2003.
[2] Samuel Madden, Robert Szewczyk, Michael J. Franklin and David Culler, “Supporting Aggregate Queries Over Ad-Hoc Wireless
Sensor Networks”,
[3] Sartaj Sahni and Xiaochun Xu, Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks.
[4] Jamal N. Al-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal, Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey.
[5] Bhaskar Krishnamachari, D Estrin, Stephen Wicker, Modeling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks.
[6] S.S Iyengar, Richard R. Brooks, “Distributed Sensor Networks”, Chapman & Hall/CRC.
[7] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Hari Balakrishnan, “Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless
microsensors networks,” in 33rd Annual Hawaii International conference on System Sciences.
[8] David Braginsky and Deborah Estrin, “Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks,” in First ACM International Workshop on
Wireless Sensor Networks and Application.
[9] Y.Xu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, “Geography-informed energy conservation for ad hoc routing,” in Proceedings of the Seventh
Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2001.
[10] B. Chen, K. Jamieson, H. Balakrishnan, and R. Morris, “SPAN: An energy-efficient coordination algorithm for topology maintenance
in ad-hoc wireless networks,” ACM Wireless Networks Journal, September 2002.
[11] Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks, an Information Processing Approach”.
[12] Yong Yao, J. E. Gehrke. The Cougar Approach to In-Network Query Processing in Sensor Networks. Sigmod Record, Volume 31,
Number 3. September 2002.
[13] Yong Yao, J. E. Gehrke. Query Processing in Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the First Biennial Conference on Innovative Data
Systems Research (CIDR 2003). Asilomar, California, January 2003.
[14] Xiuli Ma, Dongqing Yang, Shiwei Tang, Qiong Luo, Dehui Zhang, and Shuangfeng Li. Online Mining in Sensor Networks. NPC
2004: 544-550
[15] Chiranjeeb Buragohain, Divyakant Agrawal, and Subhash Suri, Power Aware Routing for Sensor Databases.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontowsn-241204170557-7a637219/85/Introduction-to-Wire-less-Sensor-Networks-ppt-23-320.jpg)
Introduction to Wire less Sensor Networks.ppt
- 1. Introduction to Wireless SensorNetworks Presented by Sushanth Sivaram Vallath
- 2. The most profoundtechnologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it. - The late Mark Weiser, Father of Ubiquitous Computing and Chief Technologist of Xerox PARC
- 3. Wireless Sensors Small microcontroller 8 kBcode 512 B data Simple, low-power radio 10 kbps ASK EEPROM (32 KB) Simple sensors WeC 99 “Smart Rock” Mica 1/02 NEST open exp. Platform 128 kB code, 4 kB data 40kbps OOK/ASK radio 512 kB Flash Rene 11/00 Designed for experimentation -sensor boards -power boards Dot 9/01 Demonstrate scale Spec 6/03 “Mote on a chip” Telos 4/04 Robust Low Power 250kbps Easy to use Mica2 12/02 38.4kbps radio FSK Tiny sensing devices capable of wireless communication
- 4. What are sensor networks spatiallydistributed sensors to monitor conditions at different locations, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants.
- 5. Platforms • Berkeley Motes •Tiny OS • nesC • Ns-2 • TOSSIM
- 6. Applications of WSN •Temperature • Humidity • Vehicular movement • Pressure • Noise levels • Mechanical stress levels on attached objects • Speed, direction • Etc…
- 7. Factors Influencing Sensor NetworkDesign • Fault tolerance • Scalability • Operating environment • Sensor network topology • Transmission media • Power consumption
- 8. Sensors Representation • CommunicationGraph – Sensors are nodes – Link between the sensors are the edges
- 9. Routing Protocols • LEACH •Directed Diffusion • PEGASIS • TEEN • APTEEN • Etc…
- 10. Sensor Issues • EnergyConstraint • High Communication cost • & Lot of other issues
- 11. Management Issues • Conversionof data to Information • Data access control
- 12. SQL • Underlying routingprotocol transparent to user • Some routing protocols are considered to be aggregation protocols (implicit aggregation)
- 13. Sensor Database • SQLtype interface – SELECT avg(temperature), room, FROM sensors WHERE building = “Nedderman Hall” ORDER BY temperature GROUP BY room SAMPLING PERIOD 10 min
- 14. SQL type interfaces •Cougar • TinyDB Approximations Query Propagation Data Centric Storage Aging Data
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- 17. Different types ofqueries • Fully aggregated queries • Un-aggregated queries • Partially aggregated queries
- 18. Fully aggregated queries Theorem:Finding maximum lifetime routing tree for fully aggregated queries with reception costs is NP-complete. Similar to Minimum Degree Spanning Tree(MDST) which is known to be NP- complete
- 19. Un-aggregated queries Theorem: Findingmaximum lifetime routing tree for unaggregated queries is NP-complete. Reduced from decision problem for SET- COVER.
- 20. Partially aggregated queries Can bereduced to unaggregated queries Approximation algorithms used to solve the unaggregated routing tree problem can be adapted.
- 21. Active areas inWSN • Routing • Topology control • Data management, aggregation and query • MAC protocols • Target tracking, resource discovery • Monitoring and maintenance • Sensor validation • Power issues • Coverage and Connectivity
- 22. Companies in Research •Crossbow • Intel • IBM • Microsoft • PARC • Fujitsu • Lot more…
- 23. References [1] Cedric Florensand Robert McEliece, “Packet Distribution Algorithms for Sensor Networks”, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. [2] Samuel Madden, Robert Szewczyk, Michael J. Franklin and David Culler, “Supporting Aggregate Queries Over Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks”, [3] Sartaj Sahni and Xiaochun Xu, Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks. [4] Jamal N. Al-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal, Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. [5] Bhaskar Krishnamachari, D Estrin, Stephen Wicker, Modeling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. [6] S.S Iyengar, Richard R. Brooks, “Distributed Sensor Networks”, Chapman & Hall/CRC. [7] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Hari Balakrishnan, “Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensors networks,” in 33rd Annual Hawaii International conference on System Sciences. [8] David Braginsky and Deborah Estrin, “Rumor routing algorithm for sensor networks,” in First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Application. [9] Y.Xu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, “Geography-informed energy conservation for ad hoc routing,” in Proceedings of the Seventh Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2001. [10] B. Chen, K. Jamieson, H. Balakrishnan, and R. Morris, “SPAN: An energy-efficient coordination algorithm for topology maintenance in ad-hoc wireless networks,” ACM Wireless Networks Journal, September 2002. [11] Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks, an Information Processing Approach”. [12] Yong Yao, J. E. Gehrke. The Cougar Approach to In-Network Query Processing in Sensor Networks. Sigmod Record, Volume 31, Number 3. September 2002. [13] Yong Yao, J. E. Gehrke. Query Processing in Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the First Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR 2003). Asilomar, California, January 2003. [14] Xiuli Ma, Dongqing Yang, Shiwei Tang, Qiong Luo, Dehui Zhang, and Shuangfeng Li. Online Mining in Sensor Networks. NPC 2004: 544-550 [15] Chiranjeeb Buragohain, Divyakant Agrawal, and Subhash Suri, Power Aware Routing for Sensor Databases.
- 24.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Before we jump in to the technical material, I would like to give you one more bit of context.