This document provides an introduction and overview of System Verilog. It discusses what System Verilog is, why it was developed, its uses for hardware description and verification. Key features of System Verilog are then outlined such as its data types, arrays, queues, events, structures, unions and classes. Examples are provided for many of these features.
UVM is a standardized methodology for verifying complex IP and SOC in the semiconductor industry. UVM is an Accellera standard and developed with support from multiple vendors Aldec, Cadence, Mentor, and Synopsys. UVM 1.0 was released on 28 Feb 2011 which is widely accepted by verification Engineer across the world. UVM has evolved and undergone a series of minor releases, which introduced new features.
UVM provides the standard structure for creating test-bench and UVCs. The following features are provided by UVM
• Separation of tests from test bench
• Transaction-level communication (TLM)
• Sequences
• Factory and configuration
• Message reporting
• End-of-test mechanism
• Register layer
UVM is a standardized methodology for verifying complex IP and SOC in the semiconductor industry. UVM is an Accellera standard and developed with support from multiple vendors Aldec, Cadence, Mentor, and Synopsys. UVM 1.0 was released on 28 Feb 2011 which is widely accepted by verification Engineer across the world. UVM has evolved and undergone a series of minor releases, which introduced new features.
UVM provides the standard structure for creating test-bench and UVCs. The following features are provided by UVM
• Separation of tests from test bench
• Transaction-level communication (TLM)
• Sequences
• Factory and configuration
• Message reporting
• End-of-test mechanism
• Register layer
Introduction to SOC Verification Fundamentals and System Verilog language coding. Explains concepts on Functional Verification methodologies used in industry like OVM, UVM
The Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is part of the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) protocol family. It defines a low-cost interface that is optimized for minimal power consumption and reduced interface complexity.
Basics of Functional Verification - Arrow DevicesArrow Devices
Are you new to functional verification? Or do you need a refresher? This presentation takes you through the basics of functional verification - overall scope and process with examples. Also included are some tips on do's and don'ts!
Introduction to SOC Verification Fundamentals and System Verilog language coding. Explains concepts on Functional Verification methodologies used in industry like OVM, UVM
The Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) is part of the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) protocol family. It defines a low-cost interface that is optimized for minimal power consumption and reduced interface complexity.
Basics of Functional Verification - Arrow DevicesArrow Devices
Are you new to functional verification? Or do you need a refresher? This presentation takes you through the basics of functional verification - overall scope and process with examples. Also included are some tips on do's and don'ts!
Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET or VB .NET) is a version of Microsoft's Visual Basic that was designed, as part of the company's .NET product group, to make Web services applications easier to develop.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
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(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. Introduction:
What is system Verilog?
Why we go for System Verilog?
What is verification?
How to verify Design?
Why system Verilog for verification?
Evolution of System Verilog
System Verilog Features
Data Types
3. What is System Verilog?
System Verilog is a hardware description and hardware verification language.
System Verilog is used to model, design, simulate, test and implement electronic
systems.
System Verilog is based on Verilog and some extensions.
What is Hardware Description Language?
Hardware description language (HDL) is a specialized computer language used to
describe the structure and behavior of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital
logic circuits.
What is Hardware Verification Language?
Hardware verification language(HVL) is a programming language used to verify the
designs of electronic circuits written in a HDL.
4. Why we go for System Verilog?
Verilog was the primary language to verify functionality of designs that
were small, not very complex and had less features.
As design complexity increase, so does the requirement of better tools to
design and verify it.
System Verilog is far superior to Verilog because of its ability to perform
constraint random stimulus, use oops features in testbench construction,
functional coverage, assertions among many others.
5. What is verification?
Verification is the process of ensuring that a given hardware design works as
expected.
Make sure design is bug free by verifying it in all aspects. All possible
scenarios.
Example:
7. Why system Verilog for verification?
Verilog was initially used for writing testbench.
But, writing complex testbench is much more of programming task than
describing hardware.
No need to synthesize testbench.
Now UVM is replacing SV based verification in industry.
Still, UVM = Structured SV. knowing SV based verification helps understanding
UVM based verification, else UVM feels like set of magic macros.
8. Evaluation of SV:
System Verilog language components are:
• Concepts of Verilog HDL.
• Testbench constructs based on Vera.
• Open Vera assertions.
• Synopsys’ VCS DirectC simulation interface to C and C++.
• A coverage application programming interface that
provides links to coverage metrics.
10. Data Types:
What is data type?
• In programming, data type is a classification that specifies which type of value a
variable has.
• For example, A string, is a data type that is used to classify text.
• An integer is a data type used to classify whole numbers.
11. Data Types:
SystemVerilog added lot of new data types and improved the existing data
types to improve run time memory utilization of simulators.
In System Verilog data types can be classified into 2-state types and 4-state
types.
2-state types can take only 0, 1, where as 4-state types can take 0,1,X,Z.
2-state types consume less (50%) memory and simulate faster when compared
to 4-state types.
SV introduces a new 4-state data type called logic that can be driven in both
procedural blocks and continuous assign statements.
But, a signal with more than one driver needs to be declared a net-type such
as wire so that System Verilog can resolve the final value.
14. Void Data Type:
void is used in functions to return no value.
Void data type represents non-existent data.
This type can be specified as the return type of function, including no return
value.
Syntax:
function void display ();
$display ("Am not going to return any value");
endfunction
15. Arrays:
An array is a collection of variables, all of the same type, and accessed using the
same name plus one or more indices.
There are different types of arrays:
Examples:
int array1 [6]; //fixed size single dimension array
int array2 [5:0]; //fixed size single dimension array
int array3 [3:0][2:0]; //fixed size multi dimension array
bit [7:0] array4[2:0]; //unpacked array declaration
bit [2:0][7:0] array5; //packed array declaration
bit [2:0][7:0] array6 [3]; //mixed packed and unpacked array
16. Fixed array:
In fixed size array, array size will be constant throughout the simulation,
Once the array is declared no need to create it.
By default, the array will be initialized with value ‘0’.
Single Dimension array:
int array1 [6]; //Compact declaration
int array2 [5:0]; // Verbose declaration
Two Dimension array:
int arr[2][3];
Three Dimension array:
int arr[2][2][2];
Array assignment:
array = '{ '{0,1,2,3},'{4,5,6,7},'{8,9,10,11}};
17. Packed Array:
The term packed array is used to refer to the dimensions declared before the
data identifier name.
Packed arrays can be of single bit data types (reg, logic, bit), enumerated
types.
A packed array is guaranteed to be represented as a contiguous set of bits.
Example:
18. Unpacked array:
The term unpacked array is used to refer to the dimensions declared after the
data identifier name.
Unpacked arrays can be of any data type.
An unpacked array may or may not be so represented as a contiguous set of bits.
Example:
19. Dynamic array:
A dynamic array is one dimension of an unpacked array whose size can be set or
changed at run-time.
Dynamic array is Declared using an empty word subscript [ ].
The space for a dynamic array doesn’t exist until the array is explicitly created at
run-time, space is allocated when new[number] is called.
The number indicates the number of space/elements to be allocated.
Dynamic arrays are useful for contiguous collections of variables whose number
changes dynamically.
Syntax:
Data_type array_name[];
Methods:
new[ ] –> allocates the storage.
size( ) –> returns the current size of a dynamic array.
delete( ) –> empties the array, resulting in a zero-sized array.
21. Associative Array:
Associative array Stores entries in a sparse matrix.
Associative arrays allocate the storage only when it is used, unless like in the
dynamic array we need to allocate memory before using it.
In associative array index expression is not restricted to integral expressions,
but can be of any type.
When the size of the collection is unknown or the data space is sparse, an
associative array is a better option.
Syntax:
data_type array_name [ index_type ];
22. Associative array:
Examples:
int a_array1[*] ; // associative array of integer (unspecified index)
bit [31:0] a_array2[string]; // associative array of 32-bit, indexed by string
ev_array [myClass]; //associative array of event, indexed by class
24. Queue:
A queue is a variable-size, ordered collection of homogeneous elements.
Like a dynamic array, queues can grow and shrink.
Queue supports adding and removing elements anywhere.
Queues are declared using the same syntax as unpacked arrays, but specifying
$ as the array size. In queue 0 represents the first, and $ representing the last
entries.
Syntax:
Data_type queue_name[$];
Example:
bit queue_1[$]; // queue of bits (unbound queue)
int queue_2[$]; // queue of int
byte queue_3[$:255]; // queue of byte (bounded queue with 256 entries)
string queue_4[$]; // queue of strings
25. Queue:
A queue can be bounded or unbounded.
bounded queue – queue with the number of entries limited or queue size
specified.
29. Events:
Events are static objects useful for synchronization between the process.
Events operations are of two staged processes in which one process will trigger
the event, and the other processes will wait for an event to be triggered.
Events are triggered using -> operator or ->> operator
wait for an event to be triggered using @ operator or wait() construct
System Verilog events act as handles to synchronization queues. thus, they can
be passed as arguments to tasks, and they can be assigned to one another or
compared.
Syntax:
->event_name;
@(event_name.triggered);
30. Structure & Union:
A structure is a user-defined data type. that allows to combining data items
of different kinds. Structures are used to represent a record.
Like Structures, union is a user defined data type. In union, all members
share the same memory location.
Example:
31. Classes:
A class is a user-defined data type.
Classes consist of data (called properties) and tasks and functions to access the
data (called methods).
Classes are used in object-oriented programming.
In SystemVerilog, classes support the following aspects of object-orientation –
encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance and polymorphism.
Example:
class c;
int x;
task set (int i);
x=1;
endtask;
endmodule;