Java part 2
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The document discusses different types of loops in Java including while, do-while, and for loops. It provides the syntax for each loop and examples of how to use them. It also covers break and continue statements that can be used within loops. Finally, it briefly discusses methods in Java by defining what they are and providing the basic syntax for defining a method.
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The document discusses Access Health Digital's Social Entrepreneurship Accelerator (SEA) program and key objectives. The SEA program aims to accelerate adoption of India's National Digital Health Blueprint (NDHB) standards and drive a federated technology model across stakeholders. It will provide mentorship and technical support for implementing minimum viable products based on NDHB standards. The SEA program also aims to help position compliant products for relevant opportunities and provide early adopters with a "stamp of confidence". Access Health Digital intends to facilitate the SEA community in these areas to help transition the healthcare industry to a standardized, secure model.
Oops concepts
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts. It begins by defining a programming language and different levels of abstraction in languages. It then defines object-oriented programming as relying on classes and objects, with classes acting as blueprints for objects. The basic building blocks of OOP - objects, classes, attributes, and methods - are introduced. Each concept is then defined in more detail, including objects, classes, inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism. The document concludes by outlining some advantages of using an object-oriented programming approach.
Microservices
Microservices architecture is an approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services that communicate with each other using lightweight mechanisms like REST APIs. Each service runs in its own process and communicates through APIs, allowing independent scaling of services. This contrasts with monolithic architecture where all application components are deployed together in one process. Microservices provide benefits like independent scalability, fault isolation, and faster development cycles compared to monolithic applications. Common technologies used in microservices include API gateways, service discovery, configuration management, distributed logging, and messaging.
Java part 3
The Java EE platform is a complete platform for developing multi-tier distributed applications. It consists of the Java Virtual Machine, Java SE APIs, a Java EE application server, and Java EE APIs. Java EE specifications are defined by the Java Community Process and implemented through Java Specification Requests. Different implementations can exist for the same API. Java EE provides features like persistence, transaction processing, security, and deployment of software components to a server.
Java part 1
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It defines Java as a robust, object-oriented language that runs on multiple platforms. It then lists several benefits of using Java, such as its popularity, ease of use, open source status, and large community support. The document goes on to explain the Java compilation process, how the Java Virtual Machine allows bytecode to run on any computer, and steps for setting up a Java development environment, including downloading the JDK, installing Eclipse, and writing a simple "Hello World" program.
Hl7 & FHIR
The document discusses HL7 and FHIR. It begins by explaining that HL7 is a standards development organization that provides a framework and standards for exchanging health information to support clinical practices and health services management. It then defines what "Level Seven" refers to in relation to the ISO communication model. The document also provides information on various HL7 product families, including FHIR, CDA, EHR functional model, SOA, and context management architecture. It concludes by summarizing HL7 Version 2 and Version 3 messaging standards.
Federated architecture
The document describes a proposed federated architecture for a National Digital Health Blueprint (NDHB) in India. A federated architecture allows decentralized management of health data while still enabling data sharing and interoperability. Key elements include:
- Health data is managed across national, state, and facility levels in a decentralized manner. Primary health records are maintained at the point of care.
- Citizens remain in control of their health data and how it is processed. Systems of Record hold primary data and other systems can only access it with applicable permissions and consent.
- The architecture proposes various "building blocks" including unique health identifiers, electronic health records, a health digilocker, and more to enable functionality while maintaining security
E objects implementation
ACCESS Health International is a think tank and advisory group that believes in universal access to affordable, high-quality healthcare. ACCESS Health Digital works as a strategist for ACCESS Health's digital health initiatives in India. It focuses on building a harmonized digital health ecosystem to achieve universal health coverage through leveraging technology. The key areas of focus include setting interoperability standards, developing healthcare information systems, electronic health records, a health insurance information platform, and governance structures. eObjects are proposed as a standardized format for exchanging health data between providers, payers, and other stakeholders based on FHIR and MDDS standards to enable interoperability. The Social Entrepreneurship Accelerator program aims to support startups in the
Design patterns
Design patterns are general reusable solutions to common problems in software design. The Gang of Four patterns are 23 classic design patterns divided into creational, structural, and behavioral categories. Design principles provide guidelines for building software, such as using registries as a single source of truth, adopting a mobile-first design strategy, and ensuring privacy and security by design. Well-defined registries should be self-maintainable, have non-repudiable data, extensible schemas, and support open APIs. A cloud-first strategy employs patterns like external configuration, cache-aside, and federated identity. A minimalistic approach focuses on auto-scaling, decoupled microservices, and separating reads from writes.
Database concepts
This document provides an introduction to relational databases and database concepts. It defines key terms like table, row, attribute, and relational database management system. It also describes how to manage databases using SQL statements to create, insert, update, delete, and query data. Specific SQL statements are shown for creating databases and tables, joining data, and using aggregation functions. Entity-relationship modeling is introduced as a technique for database design.
Computer networks
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. A local area network (LAN) connects computers within a single building or site, while a wide area network (WAN) connects multiple LANs over a larger geographic distance. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses standard protocols like TCP/IP to link billions of devices worldwide. Key applications on the Internet include email, file transfer, remote access, and the World Wide Web, which allows accessing and sharing information through web pages on browsers.
Cloud computing
This document provides an overview of cloud computing, including definitions, architecture, deployment models, and service models. It defines cloud computing as manipulating, configuring, and accessing applications online, utilizing a combination of software and hardware computing resources delivered as a network service. The document outlines public, private, hybrid, and community deployment models and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) service models. It also briefly discusses advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing.
MDDS & NDHB Principles
The document outlines the principles and objectives of the Metadata and Data Standards (MDDS) initiative in India, which aims to promote e-governance by making IT systems interoperable. It discusses the formation of the MDDS Health Domain Committee to develop standards for the health sector. The committee's tasks include identifying common data elements, studying global standards, and developing standards and code directories. The document also describes the MDDS health domain report, which defines data elements, code directories and metadata to establish interoperability standards for health IT systems in India.
Health information exchange (HIE)
There are three key forms of health information exchange:
1) Directed exchange allows providers to electronically send and receive secure information like lab results between providers involved in a patient's care.
2) Query-based exchange allows providers to find and request information on a patient from other providers, often used for emergency care.
3) Consumer mediated exchange allows patients to aggregate and manage their health information online and help transfer it between providers.
Health insurance information platform (hiip)
The document discusses electronic claim objects to support India's health insurance sector. It proposes using standardized electronic objects based on FHIR resources to enable interoperable and automated claim processing. This would allow faster claims processing, reduced costs, and improved data for monitoring. The electronic objects would include minimum required coded data elements in a JSON format to represent claims, payments, and clinical summaries like discharge records.
Closed loop medication administration
Healthcare-IT Evolution
• IOM study and CPOE
• Leapfrog group formed
• Examples of CPOE
• FCG Application – CPOE Evaluation
Health delivery information system [HDIS] MVP
Health Delivery Information Systems (HDIS) provide applications and software to record and manage healthcare data for every patient encounter. The document discusses designing a scalable and standards-based HDIS, including implementing it using a microservices architecture approach adhering to design principles from the National Digital Health Blueprint. Key elements include using interoperability standards, a mobile-first design, and building modules focused on core functionality for initial implementation.
HCIT is different
This document discusses several key differences between the paradigms of healthcare management and engineering management. It notes that doctors are right brained and trained to trust intuition, while engineering is left brained and based on hard data. It also discusses challenges in building a common language between clinical and IT domains, and notes that healthcare processes are dynamic by design unlike standardized business processes. The document advocates that successful healthcare management requires combining knowledge of clinical care, technology, and management principles.
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Java part 2
- 1. JAVA Part II
- 2. Loops in JAVA What are loops? Loops are used for repeated execution of a block. There are following types of loops in Java: • while Loop • do…while loop • for loop
- 3. While Loop Syntax: while (Boolean Expression) { //your code } e.g. Example_while.java
- 4. Do...while Loop Syntax: Do { //your code } while(Boolean_expression); e.g. Example_dowhile.java
- 5. For Loop Syntax: For (initialization; Boolean_expression; update) { //Statements } Initialization: The first step in execution for initializing your loop variable. Boolean expression: Condition for evaluation. If evaluated to true, loop executes, else goes to the next statement. Update: After the body of the for loop executes, the flow of control jumps back up to the update statement. This statement allows you to update any loop control variables. The code block is re-executed till the time the Boolean expression evaluates to true. Example: Example_for.java
- 6. Break & Continue Break: for breaking out of the loop immediately and execute what's after the block. Continue: it causes the flow of control to jump to the next iteration. Syntax: break; // for break continue; //for continue Example: Example_break_continue.java
- 7. Methods
- 8. What is a Method? 9 A Java method is a collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation. Syntax: modifier returnValueType methodName(list of parameters) { // Method body; } Example: Example_method.java
- 9. Array is a collection of variables that can hold value of same type and reference by common name .Its is a derived data Structure Array are always stored in a continuous memory locations. An Array either be a integer ,character, or float base type (Data type of array) . Array indexing is always start from zero and highest address corresponds to last element Introduction
- 10. Num [0] Num[1] Num[2] Num[3] Num[4] Num[5] Int num [6] Base type of arrray Name of array Size of array Continuous memory allocation of array
- 11. To store processed large number of variables of same data type and reference/name Easy understanding of program Example: Marks 0 1 2 3 4 5 Need of Arrray
- 12. One dimensional Two dimensional Multi dimensional T ypesofArray
- 13. A one dimensional array is one in which one subscript /indices specification is needed to specify a particular element of array Declaration : Data_type array_name [size of array ]; Eg: Int num[10]; 1-D Array
- 14. num[0] num[1] num[2] num[3] num[4] num[5] num[6] num[7] num[8] num[9] 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 starting Address of location Totalmemoryinbytesthat anarrayisoccupied: Size of array=size of array*size of(base type) Hear, 10*2=20 39 56 23 98 6 56 09 2 54 67 Memory representation:
- 15. A 2-d array is an array in which each element is itself an array i.e int num[4][3] 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 2-D Array No of rows No of columns Num [2][1] No of element in 2-D array =M*N
- 16. Total bytes= no of rows*no of columns*size of(base type) Memory reprsentation in 2-D array: char A [2][3] A[0][0] A[0][1] A[0][2] A[1][0] A[1][1] A[1][2] 5001 5002 5003 5004 5005 5006 size of 2-D array
- 17. An array with dimensions more than two .The maximum limit of array is compiler dependent Declration: Data_type name [a][b][c][d][e][f]…….[n]; Array of 3 or more dimensional are not often use because of huge memory requirement and complexity involved Multi dimensional array
- 18. C++ provides the facility of array initialization at the time of declaration .General form of array initialization is as: Type array_name[size 1]…..[size N] ={vale list}; Eg: Int days_month[12]={31,25,29,03,31,19,20,31,18,20,31,29}; Char string[6]={‘a’,’r’,’g’,’y’,’d’,’0’}; 2-D array are also initialized in same way as linear array Int cube[4][2]={ 1,3, 4,6, 9,37, 5,78 }; Array initialization
- 19. Unsized array initializations C++ allowed you to skip the size of array in an array initialization statement C++ automatically create an array big enough to hold all the initializers present Char S1[] =“ first string ”; you skip the size, you must give list of initializers so that C++ can calculate the size of array Int val []={3,5,6,2,8,9,6,4}; Int cube [] [2] ={ 1,3, 67,7, 6,87, };
- 20. C++ does not have a String data type ,it impairments string as 1-D character Arrray .A string as a character array is terminate by a null character ‘0’ Char str 1 [11]; Char square [][]={ ‘first string’, ‘second string’, ‘third string’ }; String as array
- 21. THANKS! Dr Pankaj Gupta Head – ACCESS Health Digital digital.health@accessh.org Twitter: @pankajguptadr, @accesshdigital LinkedIn: drpankajgupta, accesshdigital