The document provides an overview of various sensors and actuators, detailing their functions and applications. Key components include piezo plates for sound input, gear motors for robotics, IR remote sensors for control devices, and ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement. Additional components such as temperature sensors, voltage relays, and LCD modules are also discussed for their roles in automation and control systems.

1. Introduction to sensors &
Actuators
L. Ratnayake
(MBA, BSc, DNIIT SE, Dip. Network Eng., Certificate in Brain
Controlled Robotics)

2. Piezo plate
• Can create sound output or signal inputs using
this.
• Mainly used to take input of vibrations.
• Can use to create knock based locker, sonic
steamers, earthquake detector.

3. Gear Motor
• Uses for creating RC cars and
robots
• Has high ratio geared motor
wheels for high power
• Can power using 5V and
need a motor driver or a
shield to function.

4. IR remote sensor
• Detects IR light and sends a signal
• Signal can be read and convert to input by
arduino
• Can use to create IR remote
controlled device

5. Piezo speaker
• Uses a piezo plate to create a small speaker
• Comes as inbuilt motherboard speaker.
• Can use as a monophonic melody buzzer with
arduino

6. Servo motor 9G
• Can have 180 degree
movement using this item.
• Used for open close of
doors or pointing an item in
any direction.
• Uses servo.h header to
activate.
• Pinout as vcc, gnd and pwm
(works with pwm pins)

7. Proximity sensor IR
• Can measure short distance.
• Sends an infrared signal and
detects it back.
• Useful for robot cars with line
following mode
• Or collision avoiding robots.
Also to turn devices on when
open or close of lids.

8. Hall effect /magnetic Field sensor
• Has a Hall sensor with 3 pins
to detect changes in a
magnetic field
• Used to create brushless
motors inside hard drives and
CD Roms.
• The Module can be used to
detect and count a number of
times magnet is detected.

9. Ultrasonic sensor
• HC-SR04 Uses ultrasonic sound waves to get
the distance
• Need to convert the received signal using a
math to cm, mm, meter
• Useful for collision avoid robots or distance
measurement device.

10. Temperature Sensor LM35
• 3 pin sensor or 2 pin sensor
• Can detect temperature
• Use analog reading.
• Directly connect to arduino
analog pins.
• Change GRN and OUT pins
to correct input.

11. Voltage Relay
• Can operate two sircuits using this actuator
• Relay operated using 5V
• Can operate 12v dc to 230V ac
• Application to household bulbs, fans, tv etc.

12. Photo Light sensor
• Can detect changes of light
• Comes as a module or 2 pin
unit
• Can use for auto turn on
bulbs or motors in the dark
• Can also adjust brightness of
a light using this

13. Gas sensor
• MQ-2 Smoke Gas Sensor
• Can detect LPG Propane Butane and Hydrogen
• Detector Module for Arduino
• Can create gas leak detectors, alcohol sensors,
Air quality testers
• MQ 135 can detect NH3,
NOx, alcohol, Benzene,
smoke,CO2

14. Motor Shield/Driver
• H bridge motor driver
• Can use with 2 or 4 motors
• Can go forward or backward
• Can programme left and right to go different
ways.
• Can apply 5 to 8 volts

15. LCD Module 1602A
• Has 16 character into
2 lines
• Can utilize to still or
animation text
• Can be used to display
messages.
• Can use with a keypad
to create devices.
• Can use I2C LCD
Adapter to use 4 pin
interface