The document is an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) that discusses classes and objects. It defines OOP as an approach where the world is described as a collection of objects that interact. An object is defined as a self-contained component with properties and methods, and is an instance of a class. A class defines a template or blueprint for an object and objects are created from classes through instantiation. The key differences between classes and objects are that classes define templates but do not occupy memory, while objects are instances that do occupy memory and allow operations to be performed on them.

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Introduction To
OOPS
- Class and Object

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Mousum Dutta
Chief Data Scientist, Spotle.ai
IIT Kharagpur
Instructors
Sk Mamtajuddin
Head of Technology,
Spotle.ai
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In Computer
Science,
OOPS = Object
Oriented
Programming
In a parallel world, it is also part of the
Britney Spears song.
What Is OOPS?
OOPS!
I did it again
OOPS!
I did it again
OOPS!
I did it again

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Why OOPS?
OOPS was
introduced to
overcome
limitations in
procedural
languages (C,
COBOL etc) such
as reusability and
maintainability.
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Java, C++, Python,
Ruby are examples of
Object Oriented
Programming (OOP)
Languages .
OOP and POP - Examples
The OOP Family The POP Family
C, COBOL, FORTRAN
Are Procedural
Oriented
Programming (POP)
Languages.
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OOPS – The Central Idea
The world can be
described as a
collection of objects
that interact.
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What Is An Object?
An object is a self-
contained component with
methods and properties
or attributes.
Timmy is an object with
properties such as breed,
colour and methods such
as bark. His owner Jimmy
has properties like height,
annual income, marital
status etc and methods
such as earn_a_living.
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An object has
attributes defining its
characteristics and
methods defining
what it can do.
Objects – Illustrating With The Car Example
Img Src: Wikipedia
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An object is of a
particular type. For
example: The Hitch
Hikers Guide To The
Galaxy is a type of book.
The word ‘class’ is used
to refer to the category or
type of objects. An object
is an instance of a class.
What Is A Class?
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Cricketer is a
class. Sachin
Tendulkar is
an object – an
instance of
class
cricketer. He
has attributes
like total runs
and methods
like score
runs.
Examples
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Each object
from a
particular
class is
called an
instance of
the class.
The process
of creating
an object is
called
instantiation.
Instantiating A Class
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Class Object
A class is a data type.
It defines a template
or blueprint for an
object.
Object is an instance
of a class.
Does not occupy
memory location.
Occupies memory
location at run time.
Does not really exist
as it only provides a
template. You can
therefore not perform
operations on a class.
You perform
operations on objects
Class Vs Object
Think of the class like the Mercedes blue-print and the
object like your brand new Mercedes.
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