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Introduction to Ergonomics lesson...pptx
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO ERGONOMICS BY: ENGR. BLAZA,CRISTAL JADE A., REE
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- 3. ERGONOMICS DEFINED • Ergonomicsis a discipline that involves arranging the work environment to fit the person in it. This can be applied to any setting including work and home. • When ergonomics is applied correctly to the work environment, visual and musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue are significantly reduced.
- 4. ERGONOMICS DEFINED • Early1700’s, Ramazzini’s study of ill-effects of poor posture & poorly designed tools on the health of workers
- 5. DEVELOPMENT OF ERGONOMICS •Origin The name ergonomics officially proposed at a 1949 meeting of the British Admiralty (July 12), by Prof. Hywel Murrell. The name 'Ergonomics' officially accepted in 1950. The name Ergonomics was derived from the Greek words: Ergon - work; Nomos - natural law. First use of the word actually can be traced to a series of four articles written by Prof.Wojciech Jastrzebowski in Poland in 1857.
- 6. DEVELOPMENT OF ERGONOMICS •Britain The Ergonomic Society was formed in 1952 with people from psychology, biology, physiology, and design. • United States The Human Factors Society was formed in 1957. In the US "human factors engineering" was emphasized by the US military with concentration on human engineering and engineering psychology. US efforts also focused on the "role" of an individual within a complex system.
- 7. THE FOCUS OFERGONOMICS • The focus is on the interaction between the person and the machine and the design of the interface between the two. • Improved machine performance that increased the psychological or physical stress on workers or damaged the local environment would not constitute improved performance of the total work system or better attainment of its goals. • When faced with productivity problems, engineers might call for better machines, personnel management might call for better trained people
- 8. REPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES •These are injuries that result from excessive and repeated physical stresses on the musculoskeletal system.
- 9. REPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES MOST COMMONLYOCCUR INTHE • Hands • Wrists • Elbows • Shoulders • Neck • Back
- 10. GENERAL ERGONOMICS CONCEPTS • CHANGEYOURPOSTURE THROUGHOUTTHE DAY.
- 11. GENERAL ERGONOMICS CONCEPTS • Ensure adequateclearance under the desk.
- 12. GENERAL ERGONOMICS CONCEPTS •Avoid office clutter.
- 13. GENERAL ERGONOMICS CONCEPTS •Light reflects off monitors, causing glare and eye fatigue.
- 14. GENERAL ERGONOMICS CONCEPTS • Avoidreaching. Keep tools within a comfortable “reach envelope:” For office tasks, this includes your mouse and keyboard, pens, books and documents.
- 15. POSTURE • Forearms heldhorizontal with elbows at right angles • Shoulders relaxed • Wrist in a neutral (straight) position • Backrest supporting lower back, pelvis and natural curve of the spine • Thighs resting horizontally • Feet fully supported by the floor/footrest
- 16. COMMON POSTURE ISSUES • Sittingupright or forward When we are focusing on a task, we tend to lean forward, perching on the edge of our seat. • Not changing posture throughout the day Frequently changing your posture will lessen fatigue and prevent static postures.
- 17. MONITOR PLACEMENT • The monitorshould be placed directly in front of you. Avoid placing your monitor on an angle. • The monitor should be placed such that the top line of text is at eye level. You may need to adjust your monitor height.
- 18. MONITOR PLACEMENT • Do notuse several colors at one time on the screen. Use extreme contrast as eyes won’t tire as quickly. • Do not use yellow or green, as they cause vibrating effect.
- 19. KEYBOARD PLACEMENT • Thekeyboard should be placed at a height where fingers are on the middle row of keys. • When typing your hands should be floating on the keyboard, like when playing a piano. • Avoid resting your wrist on hard surfaces while typing.
- 20. TYPING • When typing,elbows are held at a 90- 100 angle with the shoulders relaxed. • Armrest can provide support for the arms and relieve shoulder stress.
- 21. MOUSE PLACEMENT • Themouse should always be placed at the same height and right next to the keyboard. • Often the mouse is placed on a different surface than the keyboard due to desk constraints. This encourages awkward postures and reaching, and often leads to repetitive stress injuries.
- 22. TOOL PLACEMENT • Arrangephones, references, books, pens, and documents that are used often in the primary zone to minimize reaching.This is the area within 12 inches of you. Items occasionally used should be placed in the secondary zone, shaded red in the picture.
- 23. LEISURETIME Consider the typesof activities pursued in leisure time and whether it adds to the cumulative effect of work. Exercise and activities that loosen the shoulder and neck muscles reduce the effects of computer work. Activities such as knitting and playing computer games can add to neck and shoulder stiffness.
- 24. IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS •EconomicValue Reduction of costs by preventing work related problems Health care costs for treatment Costs associated with loss of labor Companies can improve efficiency, worker productivity and cost reduction Ergonomically designed products deliver benefits to customers and edge out competition Special situations – short vs. tall, overweight, handicapped, elderly, pregnant women
- 25. IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS •SocialValue Human well-being, safety, health and comfort Reduces accidents at work, at home, etc. by reducing human error Improves relationship between operators and equipment Decreases absence from work Diseases of musculoskeletal system (LBP) Psychological illnesses (stress) User friendly products
- 26. BENEFITS OF ERGONOMICS •Productivity • Product quality • Safety • Health • Reliability • Job satisfaction • Personal development
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