Marigold (Tagetes spp.) Is widely adapted and easily cultured flower throughout the world.It has various religious and social importance.so,in this slide you will be able to know about this flower and it's cultivation and harvesting techniques.
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
The detail cultivation of chrysanthemum is explained in this ppt useful for the agriculture as well as horticulture students.
especially the course of HORT-354 Production technology for ornamental crops, MAP and landscaping.
The points useful for the chrysanthemum cultivation study is discuss in this ppt
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Methi, also known as fenugreek, is a native of West Asia and the Mediterranean area. It is produced in many countries including India, China, Korea, Spain, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. There are several varieties including Kasuri, Methi No-47, and Methi No-14. Fenugreek has trifoliate leaves and yellow-white flowers. It is used medicinally for brain, skin, liver, metabolic, respiratory, and digestive issues. Fenugreek production requires seedbed preparation, sowing from October to November using a seed rate of 10-15 kg/ha, spacing of 30 cm between rows and 8-10 cm between plants, fertilization, 4-6 irrigations
This document provides information on the production technology of cauliflower. It discusses the introduction, botany, classification, varieties, climate requirements, nursery management, transplanting, nutrient management, and fertigation of cauliflower. The key points are:
1) Cauliflower was introduced to India from England in 1822 and is the largest producer worldwide, though productivity is low compared to other countries.
2) It is classified into four maturity groups depending on curd availability. Popular Indian varieties include Pusa Early, Pant Gobi-2, and Pusa Hybrid 2.
3) Cauliflower requires temperatures between 10-28°C, sunny light, and well
This document provides information on the production technology of cucumber. It discusses the botanical details, importance, soil and climate requirements, varieties, cultivation practices like irrigation, fertilizer use, training and pruning, and pest and disease management. It also addresses post-harvest handling, storage, and marketing of cucumbers. The key points covered are the optimal growing conditions for cucumbers, commonly grown varieties in India, and how to manage common diseases and pests that affect the crop.
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
The detail cultivation of chrysanthemum is explained in this ppt useful for the agriculture as well as horticulture students.
especially the course of HORT-354 Production technology for ornamental crops, MAP and landscaping.
The points useful for the chrysanthemum cultivation study is discuss in this ppt
This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Methi, also known as fenugreek, is a native of West Asia and the Mediterranean area. It is produced in many countries including India, China, Korea, Spain, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. There are several varieties including Kasuri, Methi No-47, and Methi No-14. Fenugreek has trifoliate leaves and yellow-white flowers. It is used medicinally for brain, skin, liver, metabolic, respiratory, and digestive issues. Fenugreek production requires seedbed preparation, sowing from October to November using a seed rate of 10-15 kg/ha, spacing of 30 cm between rows and 8-10 cm between plants, fertilization, 4-6 irrigations
This document provides information on the production technology of cauliflower. It discusses the introduction, botany, classification, varieties, climate requirements, nursery management, transplanting, nutrient management, and fertigation of cauliflower. The key points are:
1) Cauliflower was introduced to India from England in 1822 and is the largest producer worldwide, though productivity is low compared to other countries.
2) It is classified into four maturity groups depending on curd availability. Popular Indian varieties include Pusa Early, Pant Gobi-2, and Pusa Hybrid 2.
3) Cauliflower requires temperatures between 10-28°C, sunny light, and well
This document provides information on the production technology of cucumber. It discusses the botanical details, importance, soil and climate requirements, varieties, cultivation practices like irrigation, fertilizer use, training and pruning, and pest and disease management. It also addresses post-harvest handling, storage, and marketing of cucumbers. The key points covered are the optimal growing conditions for cucumbers, commonly grown varieties in India, and how to manage common diseases and pests that affect the crop.
Rose is a famous and very beautiful flower; the rose flower is a symbol of love all over the world. In Greenhouse mostly dutch rose variety cultivated, Dutch rose has high demand in national and international markets. Therefore Dutch rose cultivation is increasing day by day also Indian government promoting dutch rose farming by providing the subsidy.
Direct sunlight affects dutch rose productivity the plant required bright light Hence dutch rose grows very well in the Greenhouse where the climate is in control condition.
Dolichos lablab, commonly known as Indian bean or lablab bean, is an important pulse crop grown for its pods, dry seeds, and as a green manure crop. It is a warm season crop native to India that can grow in a variety of soils. There are two main types - a bush variety grown for its pods and seeds, and a climbing variety used as a forage crop. The document provides details on varieties, cultivation practices like sowing, irrigation, nutrition and plant protection, and harvesting of this nutritious legume crop.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Peach is the temperate region fruit crops.The cultivation of peach requires some specific climatic conditions. It requires some chilling hours to break the dormancy and to become fruit ful. In this presentation, you will get the detail information of ideal peach cultivation, high density planting in peach and much more.
This document provides information on sprouting broccoli. It begins by identifying its botanical name and family, and notes it originated in the Mediterranean region. It then discusses the plant's morphology, composition, uses, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, planting, harvesting, and diseases and pests. It lists several varieties and concludes with physiological disorders and their causes and controls. In summary, it is a comprehensive overview of sprouting broccoli covering its botanical characteristics, cultivation practices, and common issues.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop grown in tropical and subtropical parts of India. Over the past decade, guava production has increased substantially. Common guava varieties grown in India include Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow 49, and Lalit. Guava can be propagated through seed or vegetative methods like stooling, air layering, and grafting. Stooling involves taking shoots from the mother plant and rooting them to form new plants. Air layering is done by girdling branches and promoting root formation under moist soil or moss. Grafting techniques like approach grafting are also used to propagate new plants.
Onion is a biennial herb grown for its bulb. It originated in Asia and is widely cultivated. The bulb has nutritional value and medicinal properties. Common types include regular onion and multiplier onion. Onion requires cool, moist climate and well-drained soil. It is planted through seeds, transplanting of seedlings, or bulbs. Pests include thrips and diseases include purple blotch. Bulbs are harvested after 3-5 months then cured, graded, and stored. Onion has various uses from consumption to dehydration and seed production.
cauliflower - Cultivation- production technology varieties pest and disease jagathesan krishnasamy
1. Cauliflower is a cool season crop that has different varieties suited for different temperature ranges, from tropical types that form curds at 20-27°C to snowball types requiring 10-16°C.
2. Popular cauliflower varieties include Pusa Deepali, Pusa Himjyoti, Arka Kanti, and Pusa Snowfall K-1. Proper soil preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, weed control, and pest management are needed for optimal growth and yield.
3. Major pests of cauliflower include the mustard sawfly, which damages leaves, and aphids, which suck plant juices and secrete honeydew allowing so
turmeric cultivativation , production technology of turmeric Arvind Yadav
TURMERIC.Scientific Name : Curcuma longa.
Family :Zingiberaceae,
2n = 3X=63.
Origin place : South East Asia.
Economic part :- dried rhizome.
Curcuma longa an herbaceous perennial herb.
Curcumin (4 -7 %) is the principle colouring pigment in turmeric .
Essential oil content :- 2.5 -7.2 %.Area and production :-
India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
Area :- 180.96 lakh hectares.
Annual production of 7.92 lakh metric tonnes.
Andhra Pradesh stood first contributing 30% of the production followed by Orissa, Tamilnadu.
The productivity of turmeric is 4,400 kg/hectare.
Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is a herbaceous plant native to Madagascar that is cultivated for its medicinal properties. It contains over 100 alkaloids, notably vinblastine and vincristine in its leaves which are important in cancer therapy. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions with adequate rainfall. Propagation is through seeds sown directly or in a nursery, and through cuttings. Leaves are harvested twice and roots after one year. Yields of 4 tons/ha of leaves and 1.5 tons/ha each of stems and roots can be obtained under irrigation.
Carrots that are rich in vitamin A is a great source of dietary supplement .It can be cultivated very easily at temperate regions by following the proper cultivation techniques.
This document summarizes the cultivation practices of tuberose. It describes the botanical details of tuberose and discusses propagation through bulbs or bulb segments. Ideal growing conditions including climate, soil type, and spacing are outlined. The document also covers cultivation processes such as site selection, soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and yield. Common tuberose varieties grown for their fragrance in cut flowers and essential oils are also mentioned.
1. Sweet gourd is a perennial vine native to Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in tropical regions from India to Japan and Malaysia.
2. The document discusses the botany, climate needs, propagation methods, fertilizer use, pests and diseases, varieties, and harvesting of sweet gourd. It also provides details on processing the fruits for preservation.
3. The main variety discussed is Arka Neelachal Gaurav, which produces dark green oval fruits averaging 50g in weight and yields 12-15 kg per plant per season.
- Radish is an edible root vegetable that originated in Europe and Asia, with a rapid growth habit.
- Major growing states in India include West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, and Assam.
- It prefers sandy loam soil with high organic matter and a pH between 5.5-6.8 for best growth.
- Varieties include Japanese White, Pusa Chetki, Pusa Himani, and Punjab Pasand.
This document provides information on the cultivation practices of carnation. It begins with an introduction to carnations, describing their importance as a cut flower, uses including decorations for special occasions, and composition of volatile oils extracted from the flowers.
It then discusses the three main types of garden carnations - border/malmaision, perpetual flowering, and marguerite or chabud. The document also covers carnation varieties, ideal soil and climate conditions, propagation through cuttings, bed preparation, planting, nutrient and water management, pruning and training techniques, and pest and disease control.
It concludes with sections on harvesting and yields, post-harvest handling including grading, packing and storage, and a brief thank you.
This document provides information on seed production techniques for cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and broccoli. It discusses the origin and importance of cole crops, as well as details on their scientific names, chromosome numbers, pollination type, and plant parts used. It then describes the methods of seed production for cabbage and cauliflower, including the in situ method, transplanting method, stump method, and head intact method. It also covers vernalization, special approaches like blanching and tying, and disbudding and staking. Finally, it discusses genetic mechanisms for hybrid seed production like self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility in cole crops.
This document provides information about sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) production, including its classification, origin, description, climatic requirements, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling. It details aspects such as the plant description, root and stem structure, leaf and flower morphology, fruit characteristics, and cultivar selection. Requirements for temperature, soil type, and site are outlined.
The document discusses India's dry flower industry. It notes that the industry is over four decades old, originally brought to India by British colonists in Kolkata. It was traditionally concentrated in areas like Tuticorin and Kolkata where diverse flowers are naturally available. Now many other Indian states also contribute to the industry. Dry flowers make up around 15% of the global floriculture business and are a major part of India's floricultural exports. India is the 5th largest exporter of dried flowers. The document outlines various drying methods used like air drying, embedded drying with desiccants, freeze drying and more. It also lists many flowers and plant materials used in dry arrangements.
This document discusses advances in cowpea seed production technology. It begins by providing background on the importance of cowpea as a food and livestock feed crop. It then discusses global area and production statistics, with Nigeria being the largest producer. Several high-yielding varieties developed by IITA with traits like disease resistance are mentioned. Production guidelines are provided on spacing, fertilizer use, and important varieties. Major cowpea production constraints like root rots and insect pests are outlined. The document concludes with details on seed production techniques like isolation distances and seed standards.
This document provides information on the marigold plant. It describes the origin and history of marigold as a native plant from Central and South America. It discusses different varieties of marigold including African and French marigolds. It also outlines the climatic requirements, cultivation practices, pests and diseases, harvesting, and yields associated with growing marigold.
The document provides information on the production and management of marigold, including details on the botanical classification, varieties, propagation, cultivation practices, pest and disease management, harvesting, and yield of African and French marigold. It discusses the importance of marigold for uses such as floral decorations and arrangements, cut flowers, and medicinal purposes. Recommendations are provided for soil type, climate, irrigation, fertilization, and other cultivation techniques to optimize growth and flowering of marigold.
Rose is a famous and very beautiful flower; the rose flower is a symbol of love all over the world. In Greenhouse mostly dutch rose variety cultivated, Dutch rose has high demand in national and international markets. Therefore Dutch rose cultivation is increasing day by day also Indian government promoting dutch rose farming by providing the subsidy.
Direct sunlight affects dutch rose productivity the plant required bright light Hence dutch rose grows very well in the Greenhouse where the climate is in control condition.
Dolichos lablab, commonly known as Indian bean or lablab bean, is an important pulse crop grown for its pods, dry seeds, and as a green manure crop. It is a warm season crop native to India that can grow in a variety of soils. There are two main types - a bush variety grown for its pods and seeds, and a climbing variety used as a forage crop. The document provides details on varieties, cultivation practices like sowing, irrigation, nutrition and plant protection, and harvesting of this nutritious legume crop.
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Peach is the temperate region fruit crops.The cultivation of peach requires some specific climatic conditions. It requires some chilling hours to break the dormancy and to become fruit ful. In this presentation, you will get the detail information of ideal peach cultivation, high density planting in peach and much more.
This document provides information on sprouting broccoli. It begins by identifying its botanical name and family, and notes it originated in the Mediterranean region. It then discusses the plant's morphology, composition, uses, cultivation requirements including climate, soil, planting, harvesting, and diseases and pests. It lists several varieties and concludes with physiological disorders and their causes and controls. In summary, it is a comprehensive overview of sprouting broccoli covering its botanical characteristics, cultivation practices, and common issues.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop grown in tropical and subtropical parts of India. Over the past decade, guava production has increased substantially. Common guava varieties grown in India include Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow 49, and Lalit. Guava can be propagated through seed or vegetative methods like stooling, air layering, and grafting. Stooling involves taking shoots from the mother plant and rooting them to form new plants. Air layering is done by girdling branches and promoting root formation under moist soil or moss. Grafting techniques like approach grafting are also used to propagate new plants.
Onion is a biennial herb grown for its bulb. It originated in Asia and is widely cultivated. The bulb has nutritional value and medicinal properties. Common types include regular onion and multiplier onion. Onion requires cool, moist climate and well-drained soil. It is planted through seeds, transplanting of seedlings, or bulbs. Pests include thrips and diseases include purple blotch. Bulbs are harvested after 3-5 months then cured, graded, and stored. Onion has various uses from consumption to dehydration and seed production.
cauliflower - Cultivation- production technology varieties pest and disease jagathesan krishnasamy
1. Cauliflower is a cool season crop that has different varieties suited for different temperature ranges, from tropical types that form curds at 20-27°C to snowball types requiring 10-16°C.
2. Popular cauliflower varieties include Pusa Deepali, Pusa Himjyoti, Arka Kanti, and Pusa Snowfall K-1. Proper soil preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, weed control, and pest management are needed for optimal growth and yield.
3. Major pests of cauliflower include the mustard sawfly, which damages leaves, and aphids, which suck plant juices and secrete honeydew allowing so
turmeric cultivativation , production technology of turmeric Arvind Yadav
TURMERIC.Scientific Name : Curcuma longa.
Family :Zingiberaceae,
2n = 3X=63.
Origin place : South East Asia.
Economic part :- dried rhizome.
Curcuma longa an herbaceous perennial herb.
Curcumin (4 -7 %) is the principle colouring pigment in turmeric .
Essential oil content :- 2.5 -7.2 %.Area and production :-
India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric in the world.
Area :- 180.96 lakh hectares.
Annual production of 7.92 lakh metric tonnes.
Andhra Pradesh stood first contributing 30% of the production followed by Orissa, Tamilnadu.
The productivity of turmeric is 4,400 kg/hectare.
Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is a herbaceous plant native to Madagascar that is cultivated for its medicinal properties. It contains over 100 alkaloids, notably vinblastine and vincristine in its leaves which are important in cancer therapy. It is grown in tropical and subtropical regions with adequate rainfall. Propagation is through seeds sown directly or in a nursery, and through cuttings. Leaves are harvested twice and roots after one year. Yields of 4 tons/ha of leaves and 1.5 tons/ha each of stems and roots can be obtained under irrigation.
Carrots that are rich in vitamin A is a great source of dietary supplement .It can be cultivated very easily at temperate regions by following the proper cultivation techniques.
This document summarizes the cultivation practices of tuberose. It describes the botanical details of tuberose and discusses propagation through bulbs or bulb segments. Ideal growing conditions including climate, soil type, and spacing are outlined. The document also covers cultivation processes such as site selection, soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and yield. Common tuberose varieties grown for their fragrance in cut flowers and essential oils are also mentioned.
1. Sweet gourd is a perennial vine native to Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in tropical regions from India to Japan and Malaysia.
2. The document discusses the botany, climate needs, propagation methods, fertilizer use, pests and diseases, varieties, and harvesting of sweet gourd. It also provides details on processing the fruits for preservation.
3. The main variety discussed is Arka Neelachal Gaurav, which produces dark green oval fruits averaging 50g in weight and yields 12-15 kg per plant per season.
- Radish is an edible root vegetable that originated in Europe and Asia, with a rapid growth habit.
- Major growing states in India include West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab, and Assam.
- It prefers sandy loam soil with high organic matter and a pH between 5.5-6.8 for best growth.
- Varieties include Japanese White, Pusa Chetki, Pusa Himani, and Punjab Pasand.
This document provides information on the cultivation practices of carnation. It begins with an introduction to carnations, describing their importance as a cut flower, uses including decorations for special occasions, and composition of volatile oils extracted from the flowers.
It then discusses the three main types of garden carnations - border/malmaision, perpetual flowering, and marguerite or chabud. The document also covers carnation varieties, ideal soil and climate conditions, propagation through cuttings, bed preparation, planting, nutrient and water management, pruning and training techniques, and pest and disease control.
It concludes with sections on harvesting and yields, post-harvest handling including grading, packing and storage, and a brief thank you.
This document provides information on seed production techniques for cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and broccoli. It discusses the origin and importance of cole crops, as well as details on their scientific names, chromosome numbers, pollination type, and plant parts used. It then describes the methods of seed production for cabbage and cauliflower, including the in situ method, transplanting method, stump method, and head intact method. It also covers vernalization, special approaches like blanching and tying, and disbudding and staking. Finally, it discusses genetic mechanisms for hybrid seed production like self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility in cole crops.
This document provides information about sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) production, including its classification, origin, description, climatic requirements, cultivation practices, and post-harvest handling. It details aspects such as the plant description, root and stem structure, leaf and flower morphology, fruit characteristics, and cultivar selection. Requirements for temperature, soil type, and site are outlined.
The document discusses India's dry flower industry. It notes that the industry is over four decades old, originally brought to India by British colonists in Kolkata. It was traditionally concentrated in areas like Tuticorin and Kolkata where diverse flowers are naturally available. Now many other Indian states also contribute to the industry. Dry flowers make up around 15% of the global floriculture business and are a major part of India's floricultural exports. India is the 5th largest exporter of dried flowers. The document outlines various drying methods used like air drying, embedded drying with desiccants, freeze drying and more. It also lists many flowers and plant materials used in dry arrangements.
This document discusses advances in cowpea seed production technology. It begins by providing background on the importance of cowpea as a food and livestock feed crop. It then discusses global area and production statistics, with Nigeria being the largest producer. Several high-yielding varieties developed by IITA with traits like disease resistance are mentioned. Production guidelines are provided on spacing, fertilizer use, and important varieties. Major cowpea production constraints like root rots and insect pests are outlined. The document concludes with details on seed production techniques like isolation distances and seed standards.
This document provides information on the marigold plant. It describes the origin and history of marigold as a native plant from Central and South America. It discusses different varieties of marigold including African and French marigolds. It also outlines the climatic requirements, cultivation practices, pests and diseases, harvesting, and yields associated with growing marigold.
The document provides information on the production and management of marigold, including details on the botanical classification, varieties, propagation, cultivation practices, pest and disease management, harvesting, and yield of African and French marigold. It discusses the importance of marigold for uses such as floral decorations and arrangements, cut flowers, and medicinal purposes. Recommendations are provided for soil type, climate, irrigation, fertilization, and other cultivation techniques to optimize growth and flowering of marigold.
This document provides information on marigold cultivation, including varieties suited for different seasons, propagation, nursery practices, planting time, fertilizer and manure application, irrigation, harvesting, and pest and disease management. It describes two popular varieties of African marigold and one variety each of French marigold and wild marigold. Common pests mentioned are cutworm, aphids, thrips, and Helicoverpa armigera. Key diseases include damping off, wilt, leaf spot, and powdery mildew. Proper spacing, fertilization, irrigation, rouging, and chemical control are recommended for pest and disease management.
Production technology of leafy vegetablePRAVINABARDE
This document provides information about the production of three leafy vegetables: amaranth, spinach, and coriander. It discusses the botanical details, varieties, climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices like sowing time, manures and fertilizers, and diseases and pests of each crop. For amaranth, several improved varieties are described for both leafy and grain types. Similarly for spinach and coriander, popular varieties developed in India are outlined. The document serves as a useful reference for the cultivation of these important leafy vegetables.
The document provides information on the general features and cultivation of cucurbits. Some key points:
- Most cucurbits are annuals that are direct sown and propagated through seeds. They have a long taproot system and branched, climbing stems.
- Leaves are usually simple and 3-5 lobed with tendrils in the leaf axils. Flowers are highly cross-pollinated by honey bees.
- Common cucurbits include cucumber, muskmelon, pumpkin, and squash. These are mostly monoecious with male and female flowers on the same plant.
- Proper soil preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, and pest management are required at
This document provides information on the cultivation of tomatoes. It discusses the botanical details of tomatoes including its name, family, origin in South America, and edible fruit part. It then covers tomato cultivation practices such as variety selection, climate and soil requirements, seed treatment, land preparation, manuring, transplanting, spacing, irrigation, weed control, and pest management. The key pests discussed are gram pod borer, serpentine leaf miner, fruit borer, and root-knot nematode. Control methods include using marigold as a trap crop and neem seed kernel extract sprays.
Non conventional oil seed crops sunflower, saf flower, soyabeanXeshan Kassana
This document provides information about sunflower and soybean crops. It discusses their origins, history of cultivation, economic importance, agricultural practices for growing them, and some interesting facts. Sunflower originated in North America and has been cultivated for over 8,000 years. It is one of the most widely grown oilseed crops. Soybean is native to East Asia and has been grown there for thousands of years, being introduced to other parts of the world more recently. It is a highly nutritious legume crop and the world's largest producer of soybeans is the United States. The document outlines soil conditions, seed rates, and cultivation methods for maximizing yields of these important oilseed crops.
Production technology of medicinal &aromatic plants.pptxrahman175698
The document provides information on the production technologies of several aromatic and medicinal plants, including:
- Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) - soil and climate requirements, propagation methods, nursery preparation, transplanting, irrigation, etc.
- Commiphora spp (Guggal) - propagation, land preparation, transplanting, intercropping, fertilizer application, irrigation, pest management, harvesting, and yield.
- Ipecac (Cephaelis ipecacuanha) - climate and soil requirements, propagation, nursery preparation, transplanting, spacing, fertilizer application, irrigation, weed control, harvesting, and yield.
Nerium and Celosia - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning –role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
1) Lettuce is an important vegetable crop grown in temperate and tropical countries. It originated in the Mediterranean region and was spread throughout Europe by Greek and Roman civilizations.
2) There are several varieties of lettuce including head varieties like butterhead and crisphead, as well as non-heading varieties like romaine, leaf, and stem lettuce.
3) Lettuce grows best in cool temperatures with adequate moisture and nutrients. It is commonly affected by fungal diseases like damping off and downy mildew as well as insects like aphids and cabbage loopers. Proper spacing, irrigation, fertilization and pest management are needed to maximize lettuce production.
This document provides information on the cluster bean plant. It begins by identifying the scientific name as Cyamopsis tetragonolobus and notes it is a drought tolerant, warm season annual legume grown for its tender fruits. The document then describes the plant's physical characteristics including its upright structure, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. It discusses the plant's uses as a vegetable, for production of guar gum from seeds, and as forage/green manure. The document also provides details on cultivation methods, common varieties, and pests/diseases affecting the crop.
This document provides information on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). It discusses the botanical details of French bean, its origin in Southern Mexico and Central America, different species, economic benefits, climate and soil requirements, cropping seasons, cultivation practices including land preparation, sowing, irrigation, nutrition, plant protection, and harvesting. It also describes the characteristics and yield of popular French bean varieties grown in India such as Arka Anoop, Arka Arjun, Arka Komal, Arka Sharath, Arka Sukomal, and Arka Suvidha.
This document provides information about tomato cultivation. It discusses the introduction of tomato including its scientific name, most common varieties, and uses. It also outlines the climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices like land preparation, manure application, irrigation, and harvesting. Some physiological disorders and pests that affect tomato are also mentioned. The document is technical in nature and provides detailed information and guidelines related to growing tomatoes as a crop.
This document provides information about potato cultivation in Ecuador. It discusses that potatoes are an important crop for Ecuador's economy and diet. It is grown across 12 provinces at elevations between 2,000-3,400 meters above sea level. Potato varieties discussed include native criollo varieties and improved varieties. The document also covers potato physiology, taxonomy, botanical description, cultivation requirements including temperature, moisture, and soil conditions.
The document discusses the clove tree and clove production. It describes the clove tree's physical characteristics and growth habits. It also outlines the key steps in clove production including growing conditions, propagation, harvesting, drying, packaging and storing cloves. Proper post-harvest handling and drying is important to ensure high quality dried cloves for market.
Production technology of mango guava grapesZahid357
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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2. Introduction
Marigold is one of the most commonly grown flowers for garden
decoration and extensively used as loose flowers for making garlands
for religious and social functions
Family: Asteraceae
It has gained popularity amongst the gardeners on account of its
easy culture and wide adaptability
Its habit of free flowering, short duration to produce marketable
flowers, wide spectrum of attractive colours, shape, size and good
keeping quality has attracted the attention of flower growers
Used in crop rotation to reduce the infestation of nematodes
Demand of this flower is very high during dashain and tihar
3.
4. Varieties
33 species and numerousvarieties are available
Tageteserecta (African Marigold)-Tall growing
plant / big size flowers; are easy to grow and thrive
under hot, dry conditions.
Varieties: Giant DoubleAfrican, Orange, Giant
DoubleAfrican Yellow,Dubloon
Tagetespatula (FrenchMarigold)-Dwarfplant
with small flowers
Varieties: Red Brocade, RustyRed, Butter Scotch
T. tenuifolia (Signet Merigold)-Dwarfand bushy
plant. Flowers have 5 rays, roundish and obovate
with spicy tarragon flavor.
Varieties: Golden Gem, Lulu, Pumila and Ursula
5.
6. Climate and soil
Marigold requires mild climate for luxuriant growth and flowering.
The optimum temperature range for its profuse growth is 18-20°C.
Temperatures above 35°C restrict the growth of the plants, which leads
to reduction in flower size and number.
In severe winter, plants and flowers are damaged by frost.
Ceases to grow in high temperature thereby affecting flower quality and
quantity
Sowing and planting is carried out during rainy season, winter and
summer season
Under Nepalese condition, best flowering is observed in August to
December
Soil
Cultivated in wide variety of soil
Sandy loam soil with pH 5.6 to 6.5 is ideal for its cultivation
Well drained, good water holding soil is preferred
7. Soil preparation: 2-3 times ploughing and apply 50 tons of FYM/ha
Prepare bed of convenient size to facilitate irrigation and other
intercultural operations
Planting: By seeds and Cuttings
Seed rate and nursery raising
Optimum temp for seed germination- 18 to 30°C
Seed rate- 1.5 kg/ha
Can be grown in pots, seed boxes or on flat or raised nursery beds (3m
x 1 m- 8 to 10 beds for one ha)
Apply FYM 10kg/bed
Line sowing and thinning is done
8. Seed Sowing Time
Cuttings
About 10 cm long cuttings are prepared
and planted in the sand
Cuttings treated with PGR helps for
enhancing rooting
9. Transplanting seedlings
One month seedlings with 3-4 leaves are transplanted
Very old seedlings are not preferred for transplanting
Spacing
T. erecta var. Giant Double African Orange: 40 x 30 cm; T. patula cv.
Red Brocade: 20 x 20 cm
Manures and fertilizers
N- 100 kg, P2O5- 100 kg and K2O- 100 kg per ha at the time of land
preparation
Additional 100 kg of N- one month after seedlings are transplanted
Weeding and hoeing- 3-4 times during entire period
10. Irrigation- As per the soil type and weather condition. Constant
moisture supply be maintained from bud formation to harvesting of
flowers.
Three weeks after transplanting earthing up is done
Pinching of marigold plants
T. erecta var. has apical dominance characteristics
Pinching the plants 40 days after transplanting enables the plants
to yield more flowers
Pinching helps for bushy growth of the plant and development
of lateral branches.
Pinching results into production of more number of flowers.
11. Harvesting, packing and transportation
Pluck when they attain the full size depending upon the variety
Field irrigation before plucking may help increase the vase life of
flowers
Primarily used for makign garlands so packing in bamboo baskets or
wooden boxes are fine
Yield- 200-225, 150-175 and 100-120 quintals per ha during rainy,
winter and summer season respectively
Diseases
Damping off, leaf spots and blight, inflorescence blight, flower bud rot,
powdery mildew
Insect-pests
Red spider mite, Hairy caterpillar
12. Disease
1. Damping off (Rhizoctonia solani): Post emergence symptoms appear on lower
part of hypocotyls as water soaked brown necrotic ring leading to collapse of
seedling. When infected seedlings are pulled out the root system appears partially
or full decayed. Control: Sterilization of soil before raising seedlings and post
emergence seedling treatment with Copper fungicide minimizes the disease.
2. Collar rot: These pathogens cause collar rot in nursery stage or in grown up
plants depending upon soil type, moisture conditions and other factors. Control is
similar to damping off.
3. Leaf spot and blight: Various species of Alternaria caercospora and septoria
are known to cause leaf spot and blight of marigold. The symptoms appear as
minute, brown circular spots which enlarge at later stage of infection various
fungicides, such as Blitox (4%) and Bavistin (0.1%) can be used to control to
disease.
4. Powdery mildew: At first whitish tiny, superficial spots appear on leaves. Later
on the whole aerial parts of the plant are covered with whitish powder. Spraying
with calixion sulfex will minimize the disease infestation. Karathane (0.5%) or
dusting with sulphur powder at fortnight interval.
13. Pests
1. Red spider mite: These mites sometimes appear during
flowering time and give a dusty appearance. It can be
controlled by spraying metasystox or Rogor or Nuvan 1ml/l
of water.
2. Hairy caterpillar: It is a polyphagous insect and the
caterpillar eats away the foliage. This part can be controlled
by sprays of Nuron @ 1 ml/l of water.
14. For more informationrelated to marigoldcultivationby
cutting method ,you can watch this awesome youtube video
by clickingthe link given below:-
https://ouo.io/Ys32pL