This document provides an outline and introduction for an environmental science course. It discusses key topics that will be covered, including the biosphere, human consumption and well-being, present unsustainability, and a description of the course. It then summarizes the state of the environment by discussing issues related to forests, biodiversity, water, the ozone layer, urbanization, resource depletion, waste, pollution, consumerism, and climate change. The document emphasizes that humanity is facing simultaneous environmental, social, and individual crises as a result of unsustainable practices.
Course v on ecosystems by redouane boulguid master mqhse national school of ...Rednef68 Rednef68
This course is prepared for Students/Professionals deepening their studies in the Sutainable Development, Environmental Management & Corporate Social Responsibility fields at the National School of Applied Sciences in Safi/Morocco.
A short introduction to sustainable development redouane boulguid safi_moroccoRedouane Boulguid
This document provides an introduction to sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It discusses the three pillars of sustainable development: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. For each pillar, it outlines some of the key concepts and thematic issues, such as reducing pollution and greenhouse gases for the environment, sustainable consumption and business practices for the economy, and health and social equity for society.
This article intents to draw the attention of the developing countries in Africa and Asia to pay attention to the preservation and conservation of the natural world/environment. It also identifies some of the reasons as to why it is not possible for some countries to join the campaign that calls for the friendly co-existence with nature.
Climate change protection of the environment-biosphere-biodiversity-laudato siDr. Liza Manalo, MSc.
The document summarizes key principles for environmental protection and sustainable development. It discusses the scientific consensus on climate change, the interconnectedness of environmental and social issues, and outlines 16 principles addressing ecological integrity, social and economic justice, and democracy and peace. The principles call for actions like protecting biodiversity, adopting sustainable consumption, ensuring environmental and social justice for all, strengthening education around sustainability, and promoting a culture of nonviolence.
Rainer Horn, president of the International Union of Soil Sciences, conveys greetings on behalf of over 60,000 soil scientists to guests celebrating World Soil Day at FAO in Rome and New York. The World Soil Day was established in 2002 by IUSS to raise awareness of soils and is commemorated annually, with 2015 designated the International Year of Soils by the UN. IUSS will cooperate with UN and other organizations to improve scientific understanding of soils and promote their sustainable use given their importance for food, water, climate change mitigation, and ecosystem services.
The document discusses environmental studies and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts. It begins by describing the physical elements of the environment including landforms, water bodies, climate, and soils. It then defines the environment as the total set of circumstances surrounding life, including both living and non-living things. Environmental science is described as integrating various sciences to study our life-supporting environment and understand causes and solutions to problems. The document outlines various components of the environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It also discusses the importance of environmental education, awareness, and management.
The magazine article focuses on the kind of relationship Man should have with the environment. Many of the destructions to flora and fauna happen due to Man's negligence.
World Environment Day is an annual event that is aimed at being the biggest and most widely celebrated global day for positive environmental action. World Environment Day activities take place all year round and climax on 5 June every year, involving everyone from everywhere.
The World Environment Day celebration began in 1972 and has grown to become one of the main vehicles through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and encourages political attention and action.
Through World Environment Day, the United Nations Environment Programme is able to personalize environmental issues and enable everyone to realize not only their responsibility, but also their power to become agents for change in support of sustainable and equitable development.
World Environment Day is also a day for people from all walks of life to come together to ensure a cleaner, greener and brighter outlook for themselves and future generations.
Everyone counts in this initiative and World Environment Day relies on you to make it happen! We call for action — organize a neighborhood clean-up, stop using plastic bags and get your community to do the same, stop food waste, walk to work, start a recycling drive . . . the possibilities are endless.
Course v on ecosystems by redouane boulguid master mqhse national school of ...Rednef68 Rednef68
This course is prepared for Students/Professionals deepening their studies in the Sutainable Development, Environmental Management & Corporate Social Responsibility fields at the National School of Applied Sciences in Safi/Morocco.
A short introduction to sustainable development redouane boulguid safi_moroccoRedouane Boulguid
This document provides an introduction to sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It discusses the three pillars of sustainable development: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. For each pillar, it outlines some of the key concepts and thematic issues, such as reducing pollution and greenhouse gases for the environment, sustainable consumption and business practices for the economy, and health and social equity for society.
This article intents to draw the attention of the developing countries in Africa and Asia to pay attention to the preservation and conservation of the natural world/environment. It also identifies some of the reasons as to why it is not possible for some countries to join the campaign that calls for the friendly co-existence with nature.
Climate change protection of the environment-biosphere-biodiversity-laudato siDr. Liza Manalo, MSc.
The document summarizes key principles for environmental protection and sustainable development. It discusses the scientific consensus on climate change, the interconnectedness of environmental and social issues, and outlines 16 principles addressing ecological integrity, social and economic justice, and democracy and peace. The principles call for actions like protecting biodiversity, adopting sustainable consumption, ensuring environmental and social justice for all, strengthening education around sustainability, and promoting a culture of nonviolence.
Rainer Horn, president of the International Union of Soil Sciences, conveys greetings on behalf of over 60,000 soil scientists to guests celebrating World Soil Day at FAO in Rome and New York. The World Soil Day was established in 2002 by IUSS to raise awareness of soils and is commemorated annually, with 2015 designated the International Year of Soils by the UN. IUSS will cooperate with UN and other organizations to improve scientific understanding of soils and promote their sustainable use given their importance for food, water, climate change mitigation, and ecosystem services.
The document discusses environmental studies and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts. It begins by describing the physical elements of the environment including landforms, water bodies, climate, and soils. It then defines the environment as the total set of circumstances surrounding life, including both living and non-living things. Environmental science is described as integrating various sciences to study our life-supporting environment and understand causes and solutions to problems. The document outlines various components of the environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It also discusses the importance of environmental education, awareness, and management.
The magazine article focuses on the kind of relationship Man should have with the environment. Many of the destructions to flora and fauna happen due to Man's negligence.
World Environment Day is an annual event that is aimed at being the biggest and most widely celebrated global day for positive environmental action. World Environment Day activities take place all year round and climax on 5 June every year, involving everyone from everywhere.
The World Environment Day celebration began in 1972 and has grown to become one of the main vehicles through which the United Nations stimulates worldwide awareness of the environment and encourages political attention and action.
Through World Environment Day, the United Nations Environment Programme is able to personalize environmental issues and enable everyone to realize not only their responsibility, but also their power to become agents for change in support of sustainable and equitable development.
World Environment Day is also a day for people from all walks of life to come together to ensure a cleaner, greener and brighter outlook for themselves and future generations.
Everyone counts in this initiative and World Environment Day relies on you to make it happen! We call for action — organize a neighborhood clean-up, stop using plastic bags and get your community to do the same, stop food waste, walk to work, start a recycling drive . . . the possibilities are endless.
The document defines several key concepts related to environmental education and sustainability. It defines holistic education as connecting people to their community, nature, and humanitarian values. Environmental education aims to teach about natural environments and sustainable management. It is defined as increasing knowledge about environmental challenges, developing skills to address them, and fostering sustainable decision-making. Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
This document summarizes the key themes of World Environment Day 2015, which focuses on sustainable consumption and lifestyles. It notes that with a rising global population expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, current consumption patterns would require three planets' worth of resources. Increased consumption is degrading the environment and exacerbating issues like land degradation. The document calls for individual actions like reducing food waste and using renewable energy to work towards a more sustainable future with 7 billion green dreams.
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONVelentina Das
The document discusses the need for and importance of environmental education. It defines environmental education as establishing ecological equilibrium through proper use and conservation of resources. Environmental education should enable people to learn about issues like pollution, population growth, and resource depletion. It is best introduced through schools. The document outlines major environmental problems and the objectives of environmental education like awareness, knowledge, attitudes, skills and participation. It provides guiding principles for environmental education curriculum and pedagogy. Finally, it discusses the importance of environmental education for the northeast region of India given threats to its biodiversity, wetlands, and forests from issues like shifting cultivation, water pollution, and deforestation.
This document discusses the relationship between humans and their environment. It defines the environment as the natural world that supports human life, including biotic factors like other organisms and abiotic factors like climate. The Earth's biosphere provides resources and conditions necessary to sustain life. However, human activities like pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable resource extraction have negatively impacted the environment. If these practices are not addressed, they could undermine the stability of the global ecosystem and human well-being. International agreements like the 1992 UN Earth Summit aimed to promote more sustainable stewardship of the planet and its resources to ensure long-term environmental health and human progress.
Safeguarding the environment our earth, our homeKedamien Riley
Environmental education aims to increase awareness, knowledge, attitudes, skills and participation regarding environmental issues. It helps students and groups understand how to preserve and sustainably use the environment. Some key benefits of environmental education are that it increases student engagement in science, improves achievement in core subjects, and provides important skills for the 21st century workforce by addressing issues like nature deficit disorder.
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th to raise global awareness of environmental protection. It was established in 1972 by the United Nations and the first celebration was in 1973. This year's theme is "Small Island Developing States and Climate Change" and will be hosted in Barbados. Barbados has pledged to increase renewable energy and cut costs and emissions, making environmental protection a national priority.
The document discusses different types of resources including natural resources like air and water that are gifts of nature, and man-made resources like buildings and vehicles that are developed through human interaction with nature. It also describes how resources can be classified based on their origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and development status. Sustainable development and the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 which adopted Agenda 21 are discussed as well. The document further details India's different relief features, the importance of land resources, land use patterns, factors contributing to land degradation, and techniques to control soil erosion like contour ploughing and shelter belts.
The document provides an introduction to the environment and environmental studies. It defines the environment and describes its main components, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It discusses the structure and layers of the atmosphere. It also explains the interactions between the different environmental components and the impact of human activities and technology on the environment, including both positive and negative impacts. Finally, it discusses concepts related to environmental degradation, sustainable development, and the importance and objectives of environmental education.
Environmental studies and natural resourcesParul Tyagi
Introduction to environmental studies, multidisciplinary nature of environment, its scope and importance. Concept of sustainability and renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
Deltares Green Adaptation Brochure11 2010helenahulsman
A Deltares brochure on how Green, Ecosystem based Adaptation approaches can be cost-effective tools to adapt to climate change in developing countries.
This document provides information about environmental education. It discusses what environmental education is, its goals and objectives, and the importance of environmental education. It also covers various environmental issues like water pollution, air pollution, waste and land pollution, and climate change. The document concludes with some green tips and the three R's of the environment - reduce, reuse, recycle.
The document discusses various environmental issues related to overconsumption of natural resources and calls for individuals to consume with care. It notes that while the environment is often defined based on human needs, we must recognize our interdependence with the planet. It highlights issues like increasing waste of water, energy, and food on a global scale. The document advocates addressing these challenges by raising awareness of our environmental impacts and promoting more sustainable consumption among the world's 7 billion people through small individual actions and celebrations like World Environment Day.
The document outlines 9 environmental principles: 1) Nature knows best, 2) All forms of life are important, 3) Everything is connected, 4) Everything changes, 5) Everything must go somewhere, 6) Earth's resources are finite, 7) Nature's ability to support life is limited, 8) Human progress must consider nature, and 9) Nature is beautiful and humanity should steward God's creation.
This document discusses environmental studies and hazards and safety management. It defines the environment and its segments, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Environmental studies are multidisciplinary as they incorporate various fields like chemistry, physics, life sciences, and more. Some key aspects covered are natural resources, ecology, pollution, population, and social issues. The document also discusses the importance of environmental studies, careers in the field, institutions involved, types of natural resources, associated problems, forest resources, and the functions and uses of forests.
Dear Reader,
NewsLeTERRE brings to you another cool breeze of freshness in this vexing summer. This time, the coolth comes to from:
1. Chairman's message: "Giving back- this time to our soil"
2. Celebration of most important day to us: "TERRE team celebrated THE WORLD EARTH DAY"
3. Newest quest of ours: "Sahyadri Forts with Their Outstanding Universal Values Could be in UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites"
4. Rendezvous with Mr. Anil Khaire: "Urban wildlife"
5. 45 cities in 45 days: "The Earth Day Network"
6. Launch of e-journal on Climate and Sustainable energy.
7. Building on success of the Montreal Protocol -TERRE and IGSD at Bangkok's UNO office.
Greening deserts international emergency program for species rescue biodiver...AbulQassim1
The document calls on the European Union and Commission to support an emergency program for the rescue and recovery of endangered species that could become extinct. It discusses several species protection and biodiversity projects, such as using hemp and rice straw paper to reduce deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. The founder has been inviting international organizations to support the emergency species rescue program since 2019, and providing information on the program and projects through various websites. The connection between species recovery, climate protection, and environmental protection is important to understand, as climate protection also contributes to species protection and preserving the biosphere.
This document discusses the importance of biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity and noting its origins throughout geological history. Examples are given of how loss of biodiversity, such as through China's "Four Pests" campaign which targeted sparrows, can have disastrous consequences like widespread famine. Today, biodiversity loss increases the risk of zoonotic diseases transferring to humans. India is highlighted as one of the most biodiverse countries, yet also facing threats to many species. The document stresses that conservation efforts are needed to protect biodiversity for continued ecosystem services and human well-being.
28.soil sustainability for food security A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Vis...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
28.soil sustainability for food security A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
Ecology and the relationship between living things and their environment has become an important topic. Humans are worried about upsetting the balance of nature and the destruction this could cause, including the loss of resources and lives. The document encourages helping preserve the environment by keeping areas clean, joining campaigns, and properly disposing of garbage. It stresses sustainability - using resources without compromising the environment's balance for future generations. Pollution harms both the environment and people's health, so ways to eliminate it must be found. Caring for the environment means conserving and preserving it through responsible use of natural resources.
The document discusses environmental education, including its objectives, concepts, issues, and sustainable development. It defines environmental education as forming desirable beliefs, attitudes, values, interests and understanding about the environment to preserve it for present and future generations. Major environmental issues covered include climate change, pollution, global warming, overpopulation, waste disposal, loss of biodiversity, mining, and urban sprawl. Sustainable development is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015 to balance environmental, social and economic dimensions are also summarized.
This document is a term paper presented by five students to their professor on the topic of safeguarding the environment. The paper discusses the importance of protecting the environment as humanity's home and life support system. It outlines several environmental issues harming the planet, such as pollution and climate change. The paper also covers the goals and principles of environmental education to increase awareness and promote sustainability. It concludes that collective global action is needed to reverse environmental damage and recommends strengthening environmental education as part of developing a sustainable world.
The document defines several key concepts related to environmental education and sustainability. It defines holistic education as connecting people to their community, nature, and humanitarian values. Environmental education aims to teach about natural environments and sustainable management. It is defined as increasing knowledge about environmental challenges, developing skills to address them, and fostering sustainable decision-making. Sustainable development meets current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
This document summarizes the key themes of World Environment Day 2015, which focuses on sustainable consumption and lifestyles. It notes that with a rising global population expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, current consumption patterns would require three planets' worth of resources. Increased consumption is degrading the environment and exacerbating issues like land degradation. The document calls for individual actions like reducing food waste and using renewable energy to work towards a more sustainable future with 7 billion green dreams.
NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONVelentina Das
The document discusses the need for and importance of environmental education. It defines environmental education as establishing ecological equilibrium through proper use and conservation of resources. Environmental education should enable people to learn about issues like pollution, population growth, and resource depletion. It is best introduced through schools. The document outlines major environmental problems and the objectives of environmental education like awareness, knowledge, attitudes, skills and participation. It provides guiding principles for environmental education curriculum and pedagogy. Finally, it discusses the importance of environmental education for the northeast region of India given threats to its biodiversity, wetlands, and forests from issues like shifting cultivation, water pollution, and deforestation.
This document discusses the relationship between humans and their environment. It defines the environment as the natural world that supports human life, including biotic factors like other organisms and abiotic factors like climate. The Earth's biosphere provides resources and conditions necessary to sustain life. However, human activities like pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable resource extraction have negatively impacted the environment. If these practices are not addressed, they could undermine the stability of the global ecosystem and human well-being. International agreements like the 1992 UN Earth Summit aimed to promote more sustainable stewardship of the planet and its resources to ensure long-term environmental health and human progress.
Safeguarding the environment our earth, our homeKedamien Riley
Environmental education aims to increase awareness, knowledge, attitudes, skills and participation regarding environmental issues. It helps students and groups understand how to preserve and sustainably use the environment. Some key benefits of environmental education are that it increases student engagement in science, improves achievement in core subjects, and provides important skills for the 21st century workforce by addressing issues like nature deficit disorder.
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th to raise global awareness of environmental protection. It was established in 1972 by the United Nations and the first celebration was in 1973. This year's theme is "Small Island Developing States and Climate Change" and will be hosted in Barbados. Barbados has pledged to increase renewable energy and cut costs and emissions, making environmental protection a national priority.
The document discusses different types of resources including natural resources like air and water that are gifts of nature, and man-made resources like buildings and vehicles that are developed through human interaction with nature. It also describes how resources can be classified based on their origin, exhaustibility, ownership, and development status. Sustainable development and the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 which adopted Agenda 21 are discussed as well. The document further details India's different relief features, the importance of land resources, land use patterns, factors contributing to land degradation, and techniques to control soil erosion like contour ploughing and shelter belts.
The document provides an introduction to the environment and environmental studies. It defines the environment and describes its main components, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It discusses the structure and layers of the atmosphere. It also explains the interactions between the different environmental components and the impact of human activities and technology on the environment, including both positive and negative impacts. Finally, it discusses concepts related to environmental degradation, sustainable development, and the importance and objectives of environmental education.
Environmental studies and natural resourcesParul Tyagi
Introduction to environmental studies, multidisciplinary nature of environment, its scope and importance. Concept of sustainability and renewable and non-renewable energy resources.
Deltares Green Adaptation Brochure11 2010helenahulsman
A Deltares brochure on how Green, Ecosystem based Adaptation approaches can be cost-effective tools to adapt to climate change in developing countries.
This document provides information about environmental education. It discusses what environmental education is, its goals and objectives, and the importance of environmental education. It also covers various environmental issues like water pollution, air pollution, waste and land pollution, and climate change. The document concludes with some green tips and the three R's of the environment - reduce, reuse, recycle.
The document discusses various environmental issues related to overconsumption of natural resources and calls for individuals to consume with care. It notes that while the environment is often defined based on human needs, we must recognize our interdependence with the planet. It highlights issues like increasing waste of water, energy, and food on a global scale. The document advocates addressing these challenges by raising awareness of our environmental impacts and promoting more sustainable consumption among the world's 7 billion people through small individual actions and celebrations like World Environment Day.
The document outlines 9 environmental principles: 1) Nature knows best, 2) All forms of life are important, 3) Everything is connected, 4) Everything changes, 5) Everything must go somewhere, 6) Earth's resources are finite, 7) Nature's ability to support life is limited, 8) Human progress must consider nature, and 9) Nature is beautiful and humanity should steward God's creation.
This document discusses environmental studies and hazards and safety management. It defines the environment and its segments, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Environmental studies are multidisciplinary as they incorporate various fields like chemistry, physics, life sciences, and more. Some key aspects covered are natural resources, ecology, pollution, population, and social issues. The document also discusses the importance of environmental studies, careers in the field, institutions involved, types of natural resources, associated problems, forest resources, and the functions and uses of forests.
Dear Reader,
NewsLeTERRE brings to you another cool breeze of freshness in this vexing summer. This time, the coolth comes to from:
1. Chairman's message: "Giving back- this time to our soil"
2. Celebration of most important day to us: "TERRE team celebrated THE WORLD EARTH DAY"
3. Newest quest of ours: "Sahyadri Forts with Their Outstanding Universal Values Could be in UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites"
4. Rendezvous with Mr. Anil Khaire: "Urban wildlife"
5. 45 cities in 45 days: "The Earth Day Network"
6. Launch of e-journal on Climate and Sustainable energy.
7. Building on success of the Montreal Protocol -TERRE and IGSD at Bangkok's UNO office.
Greening deserts international emergency program for species rescue biodiver...AbulQassim1
The document calls on the European Union and Commission to support an emergency program for the rescue and recovery of endangered species that could become extinct. It discusses several species protection and biodiversity projects, such as using hemp and rice straw paper to reduce deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. The founder has been inviting international organizations to support the emergency species rescue program since 2019, and providing information on the program and projects through various websites. The connection between species recovery, climate protection, and environmental protection is important to understand, as climate protection also contributes to species protection and preserving the biosphere.
This document discusses the importance of biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining biodiversity and noting its origins throughout geological history. Examples are given of how loss of biodiversity, such as through China's "Four Pests" campaign which targeted sparrows, can have disastrous consequences like widespread famine. Today, biodiversity loss increases the risk of zoonotic diseases transferring to humans. India is highlighted as one of the most biodiverse countries, yet also facing threats to many species. The document stresses that conservation efforts are needed to protect biodiversity for continued ecosystem services and human well-being.
28.soil sustainability for food security A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Vis...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
28.soil sustainability for food security A Lecture By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Pakistan
Ecology and the relationship between living things and their environment has become an important topic. Humans are worried about upsetting the balance of nature and the destruction this could cause, including the loss of resources and lives. The document encourages helping preserve the environment by keeping areas clean, joining campaigns, and properly disposing of garbage. It stresses sustainability - using resources without compromising the environment's balance for future generations. Pollution harms both the environment and people's health, so ways to eliminate it must be found. Caring for the environment means conserving and preserving it through responsible use of natural resources.
The document discusses environmental education, including its objectives, concepts, issues, and sustainable development. It defines environmental education as forming desirable beliefs, attitudes, values, interests and understanding about the environment to preserve it for present and future generations. Major environmental issues covered include climate change, pollution, global warming, overpopulation, waste disposal, loss of biodiversity, mining, and urban sprawl. Sustainable development is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015 to balance environmental, social and economic dimensions are also summarized.
This document is a term paper presented by five students to their professor on the topic of safeguarding the environment. The paper discusses the importance of protecting the environment as humanity's home and life support system. It outlines several environmental issues harming the planet, such as pollution and climate change. The paper also covers the goals and principles of environmental education to increase awareness and promote sustainability. It concludes that collective global action is needed to reverse environmental damage and recommends strengthening environmental education as part of developing a sustainable world.
This document discusses the concept of sustainable development, outlining its history and key topics like the three pillars of economic development, social development, and environmental protection. It explores approaches to achieving sustainability, principles like meeting human needs fairly and efficiently while reducing dependence on non-renewable resources, and the goal of active involvement from all stakeholders in government, business, and civil society to guide policy decisions that secure future generations.
- Environmental studies is a multidisciplinary subject that investigates our environment through empirical science. It identifies hazardous conditions and issues warnings to promote sustainable development without environmental degradation.
- Global environmental issues like climate change have local impacts through increased natural disasters, shifts in habitats and species, and effects on water resources and disease. In Kerala, issues include pollution, droughts, floods, landslides, and loss of wetlands affecting groundwater.
- Youth can play an important role in conservation through local involvement in maintaining parks and public spaces, following the 3R principles of reduce, reuse and recycle, advocating for eco-friendly schools and lifestyles, and identifying local environmental problems and solutions.
The document outlines an ECO Project at Ruwais Private School aimed at creating a sustainable environment. The project was developed to help reduce risks from intolerable temperatures and disasters by inspiring discussions on environmental issues and global solutions. The goals of the project are to develop a clean and sustainable school environment, promote health and wellbeing, introduce students to climate action, and encourage sustainability. The project will be carried out in 5 phases focused on raising awareness, reducing waste, promoting healthy lifestyles, holding events, and fully developing a sustainable school.
Global Goal 15 aims to protect and restore life on land by protecting ecosystems like forests and rivers, stopping desertification caused by droughts, and preventing biodiversity loss. In the past 50 years, 60% of all wildlife has been lost, threatening all humanity. The document provides activities for students to understand Goal 15, including discussing nature's importance, threats to nature locally and globally, and why nature matters for achieving other Global Goals like those related to climate, water, hunger, and sustainable cities.
The document presents principles for a sustainable global society, outlining commitments to respect for life, ecological integrity, social and economic justice, and democracy. It argues that humanity must choose to live sustainably and with universal responsibility for future generations given the environmental challenges facing Earth. Specific actions are proposed to protect natural resources and ecosystems, eradicate poverty, promote gender equality, and strengthen democratic institutions.
Sustainable Social Development, introduction and process in India. and it also focuses on the current trends. Application of Social Work through the sustainable development process
Unit 1. Introduction to environmental studies.pdfAvniChawla1
Unit 1 provides an introduction to environmental studies. It discusses the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies, drawing on fields like zoology, botany, ecology, geology, chemistry, social sciences, philosophy and more. It examines the key components of the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Finally, it discusses the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development, giving the Brundtland definition, and provides a brief history of environmentalism, highlighting international conferences and key Indian environmentalists.
This document discusses the concept of sustainable development through 12 sections. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The three pillars of sustainable development are described as environmental protection, economic development, and social development. The document traces the evolution of sustainable development as a concept through major UN conferences and commissions from the 1980s onward. It examines different approaches and principles of sustainable development.
This document outlines key concepts related to sustainable development, including:
1. It provides definitions of development and sustainable development, noting that sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
2. The evolution of sustainable development is discussed, from early conferences in the 1970s through Rio in 1992 and subsequent agreements. Pillars of sustainable development include environmental protection, economic development, and social development.
3. Approaches, principles, and issues related to sustainability are covered at various levels from global to local. The overall goal of sustainable development is outlined as requiring involvement from all stakeholders.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ( Ishita Tanwar).pptxIshita750357
The document discusses sustainable development, defining it as meeting human needs without compromising the environment or future generations' ability to meet their needs. It notes sustainable development has roots in sustainable forest management. The three pillars of sustainable development are the environment, economy, and society. It explores several dimensions of sustainable development, including environmental sustainability, economics, green energy, technology, transportation, culture, and the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030.
This document discusses the importance of conservation and sustainable development of the environment. It begins by defining key terms like environment, biophysical environment, and sustainability. It then outlines several major threats to the environment like population growth, global warming, ozone layer depletion, habitat destruction, air and water pollution. It emphasizes that environmental degradation is often caused by exceeding the natural replacement rates of renewable resources. The document also discusses the role of education in promoting environmental awareness and conservation through strengthening environmental education curriculum, teaching materials, and teacher training on environmental issues. Laws like the DepEd Order No. 52 and RA 9512 mandate integrating environmental education across all education levels and agencies.
This is the Elective Paper of S.Y.B.Ed. as per SNDT Women's University Syllabus.
Content:
1. Human Development: Concept of human development; relationship among human development, nature and peace; the concept of human centred development as given in Dr. Mashelkar’s Panchasheel (3)
2. Concept of eco-system and ecological balance (3)
3. Origin and Development of the Concept of Sustainable development: UNO’s Stockholm conference on Human environment(1972); UNESCO-UNEP International Environmental Education program(1975); Brundland Commission(1985); Rio Summit/Earth Summit(1992);World Summit(2002) (2)
4. Concept and Dimensions of Sustainable development: Sustainable development, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, , agricultural sustainable development and sustainable fishery, energy sustainability, sustainable transport, sustainable architect, environmental politics, social and cultural sustainability (5)
5. Efforts for Sustainable Development by Government and NGOs (1)
6. International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD) (1)
The document outlines the agenda for a youth leadership summit on sustainability. The summit aims to help participants understand global sustainability challenges, learn the basic science of sustainability, and examine examples of island communities advancing sustainable development. The agenda includes an introduction, global overview, sustainability science principles, and examples of sustainable islands like Hawaii, Samso in Denmark, and El Hierro in Spain. It discusses sustainability challenges like dependence on imported resources and high living costs in Hawaii. It also highlights opportunities for islands to improve sustainability through renewable energy, food security, and showcasing grassroots solutions that can make islands leaders in advancing sustainability.
This document discusses the roles of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary agencies in preserving the environment. It provides examples of several major international NGOs working on environmental issues, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature, The Nature Conservancy, World Wide Fund for Nature, Environmental Defense Fund, Greenpeace, Earthwatch Institute, Fauna and Flora International, World Resources Institute, and Forest Stewardship Council. These organizations work to protect biodiversity, combat climate change, promote sustainable practices, advocate for environmental policies, and educate the public on environmental issues through research, conservation projects, advocacy, and partnerships with other groups.
The document discusses the multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. It defines environment and notes it consists of four segments: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Environmental studies is a multidisciplinary field that includes subjects like chemistry, physics, life sciences, and more. It examines both natural and human-caused phenomena that affect the environment. Due to the complexity of environmental issues, environmental studies takes an interdisciplinary approach. The document outlines the scope of environmental studies, including natural resources, ecology, pollution, population, and social issues. It discusses the importance of environmental studies for addressing current environmental degradation and threats to humanity.
The document discusses the concept of sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as development that meets the present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. The pillars of sustainable development are identified as social development, economic development, environmental protection, and cultural diversity. The principles of a sustainable society are outlined as respecting communities and life, improving quality of life, conserving resources and diversity, minimizing resource depletion, and changing attitudes.
The document discusses the concept of sustainable development. It defines sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It outlines the evolution of sustainable development from key reports in the 1980s and conferences in the 1990s. It discusses the three pillars of sustainable development as economic development, social development, and environmental protection. It also proposes culture as a fourth pillar of sustainable development. The principles of a sustainable society are outlined as respecting communities and improving quality of life while conserving resources and staying within environmental limits.
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
2. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
2
3. The Nurturing Biosphere
Watch Video: Video: She's Alive... (5) 3
● The biosphere is the global
ecological system integrating all
living beings and their
relationships, including their
interaction with the elements of
the lithosphere, geosphere,
hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
● Biosphere can also specifically
refer to all the living beings on the
planet.
4. Gaia Theory
● By James Lovelock. Gaia: Greek Earth Goddess
● Earth with all intricate and interacting systems is like a
Super-Organism
● Self regulation: chemistry of oceans, atmosphere,
temperature, living beings
● It appears as if Earth had a purpose...to nurture life and
maintain life-friendly conditions.
● This perspective brings a new awareness that can enable
further evolution of humanity’s understanding of Nature
and interactions with it:
○ When all systems in nature work in order to nurture us, it is in our
best interest to design our activities so as to be in harmony with it.
○ This idea can be the foundation of all future development.
4Watch Video: How Wolves Change Rivers (5)
5. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
5
6. ● Humans are the beneficiaries of this dynamic, evolving,
nurturing biosphere, which is our HOME.
● It sustains us: providing resources for our consumption.
● In this beautiful HOME, we would like to survive and
achieve well-being into the indefinite
future--SUSTAINABILITY.
● But our consumption is often continued far beyond
survival--OVERCONSUMPTION.
● Overconsumption leads to very little improvement in
well-being.
● But it damages the environment and reduces well-being
for others and future generations...UNSUSTAINABILITY
Consumption, Sustainability and Wellbeing
6
7. Consumption, Sustainability and Wellbeing
● Human well-being is influenced by factors other than
consumption
o External: family, friends, education, position in society
o Internal: identification and fulfillment of one’s purpose in
life, realization of spiritual/philosophical truths.
● After consuming adequately, further improvement in
well-being should be sought through other means.
7
8. Consumption, Sustainability and Wellbeing
Many thinkers of our time have realized this and are
developing ways to measure well-being in relation to
factors other than mere resource consumption.
● Quality of life [ref]
o ecology, economics, politics, culture
● Human Development Index [ref]
:
o life expectancy, education, and income indices.
● Happy Planet Index[ref]
:
o Attained well-being (not necessarily material goods) per
unit of extraction or imposition upon nature.
● Satisfaction with Life Index [ref]
:
o Strong correlation with health, wealth, basic education
o Based on asking people how happy they are and social
and economic development. 8
9. What are the rest of us upto?
Development, economic progress, technological
progress...all for improving one’s personal standard of
living.
But all this happens at the cost of the environment
9
10. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
10
11. Problem of Unsustainability
● The marvellous progress in technology and many
fields, has come at a staggering cost.
● The scene of modern development is that of
simultaneous crises on many fronts.
● Environmental crisis:
● Earth-threatening environmental problems like Global
Warming, Ozone depletion, Deforestation, Desertification,
Loss of biodiversity, natural habitats and species, Pollution of
food, water, air, land, radioactive pollution
● How do we measure our impacts on the environment?
11
12. Ecological Footprint
• Resources and ecosystem services are provided by Earth
through the biogeochemical cycles and the biodiverse
ecosystems.
• Human activities use up or degrade Earth’s resources, but
Earth regenerates/recovers (biocapacity).
• Ecological Footprint is the amount of biologically
productive land and sea area needed to supply the
resources a human population consumes, and to
assimilate associated waste.
• It is reported in area units.
• It attempts to quantify the human demand on the
Earth's ecosystems.
• Can be calculated for an individual, a family, an organization, a
country or the entire human population on the earth.
12
13. Humanity’s Ecological Footprint
World Footprint www.footprintnetwork.org 13
Humanity is using up ecological
services 1.5 times as fast as Earth can
renew them.[2]
14. 14
Current status of the control variables for seven of the nine planetary boundaries.The green
zone is the safe operating space, the yellow represents the zone of uncertainty (increasing
risk), and the red is a high-risk zone. Published by AAAS.
15. Problem of Unsustainability
● Apart from the environmental crisis, we
simultaneously have:
o Social crisis:
■ War, oppression, terrorism, corruption: motivated by
control over resources
■ Growing slums, degrading morality, broken families,
■ Basic needs: food, clothing and shelter—the very
motivation for development—have not been satisfied.
■ Poverty and hunger.
o Individual crisis
■ Serious health problems: Cancers, heart disease, AIDS,
infectious diseases, birth defects, anxiety, stress…
15
16. Alas, development, which aims at the survival,
and prosperity of humanity, ironically threatens
our very existence today.
16
17. Quote for the Topic
We stand at a critical moment in Earth's history,
A time when humanity must choose its future.
As the world becomes increasingly
interdependent and fragile, the future at once
holds great peril and great promise.
To move forward we must recognize that in the
midst of
A magnificent diversity of cultures and life forms
We are one human family and
one Earth community with a common destiny.
17
Earth Charter:
Turning conscience
into action for a
thriving Earth.
(1.20min)
18. Preamble to the Earth Charter (2000)
We must join together to bring forth
a sustainable global society
founded on respect for nature,
universal human rights, economic justice,
and a culture of peace.
Towards this end, it is imperative that
we, the peoples of Earth,
declare our responsibility to one another,
to the greater community of life,
and to future generations.
18
The Earth Charter, Values and Principles for a Sustainable Future
(23 min)
19. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
19
20. Why Study This Course?
● Earth-threatening anthropogenic environmental
issues
○ In developed countries, pollution and environmental
damage may be less obvious
○ Shocking state of the environment in India...all around us.
● Simultaneous social problems that are deeply
intertwined with environmental problems.
● You can never even begin to solve a problem
unless you first understand the problem and its
solution.
● The more complex the problem, the deeper your
understanding should be.
● Education for Sustainability is therefore essential.20
21. Textbooks and Notes
● Course Website: https://sites.google.com/site/amritaevs
● Course Material is provided on the website.
● Reference Books:
● R. Rajagopalan “Environmental Studies-From Crisis to Cure”,
Oxford University Press.
● G.T. Miller Jr., “Environmental Science”, 11th
Edition, Cenage
Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2008.
● Benny Joseph “Environmental Studies”, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, 2006.
21
22. Teaching Approach
● Interactive, Open Discussions, Active
Feedback
● Class participation is critical
● Medium level of difficulty
● Attendance is mandatory
● Will be required to come up and talk/present
frequently.
22
23. ● Be attentive in class.
● Participate in discussions and activities, answer questions
when asked by teacher and pose questions to the teacher.
● Write notes during the lecture:
○ Lecture slides are already available to you through the course website,
so the content of the slides need not be copied in notebook in class.
○ Simply write the slide number or slide heading in the margin.
○ Write details explained or mentioned by the instructor that are not
indicated on the slide.
○ Add any additional points that you notice.
How To Study for This Course?
23
24. How To Study for This Course?
● Must revise everyday; study the slides and your notes
together.
○ Write a 1-2 pg summary of each topic.
○ Do additional independent reading on each topic.
○ Independently reflect on the topic, and write down your
reflections.
● Bring difficulties to the notice of the instructor before it is
too late.
● Be prepared for the next lecture (questions and surprise
tests).
24
25. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
25
27. State of the environment: Who tells us?
UNEP: UN Environment
Programme
Global Environment
Outlook (UNEP)
The Living Planet Report
WWF
27
28. State of the environment: Who tells us?
State of India’s
Environment (CSE)
World Conservation
Union (IUCN)
Earth Policy Institute
28
29. State of the environment:
What are the messages?
● Thematic reports (Examples):
● World Water Development Report (UN)
● World Commission on Dams
● Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change
● Special reports
● UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
29
30. Upon reading all the various reports, a common
story emerges…
The story of what Man has been doing to
Nature.
It is a story of many chapters…
Let’s see some of them one by one.
30
32. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
32
33. Once upon a time,
about 2500 years ago, on a small island, in the
Pacific, people actually cut down all the trees.
They also made…
33
36. Easter Island
● Colonised 2500 years ago by Polynesians
● 1400 AD: Population of 20,000
● Large stone sculptures
● Palm trees used up, none left
● No more boats, fish
● Water runoff, drought, famine
● Conflicts over resources, collapse
● 1722 AD: Dutch explorers found just 2000 famished
people on barren island !
36
37. Can Easter Island happen again?
No,
Easter Island is an old story,
we are wiser today !
Are we ?
37
40. Madagascar
● 40 million years in isolation
● Astonishing biodiversity
● 85 % species endemic
● Humans arrived 1500 years ago
● 80 % of forests destroyed, soil erosion
● Most species endangered
● 50 % may go extinct by 2025
40
41. Easter Island and Madagascar
are far away,
surely it cannot happen in India!
41
43. The Himalayas
● Responsible for India’s monsoon
● Source of many rivers
● Had 40 % forest cover
● Immense biodiversity
● Metal deposits
● 50 million people in the region
43
45. The Himalayas in peril
● Deforestation:
● Landslides, soil erosion, floods
● Projects and road building:
● More exploitation, ecosystems affected
● Mountaineering:
● Garbage, heavy movement, resource depletion
● GLOBAL WARMING: GLACIERS ARE MELTING
45
46. Modern Artwork of Crisscrossing Roads in the
Himalayas Replaces Nature’s Art
46
47. Result: The Uttarakhand Disaster
Nature avenges its exploitation
There is little doubt that the present Himalayan disaster has been triggered by natural
events, but the catastrophe is man-made. --The Hindu
47
48. Forests
● More than 50 countries have lost between
90 and 100 per cent of their forests
● Tropical forests are being cleared at the rate
of one hectare every second.
48
49. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
49
50. Man felt so powerful. He thought:
Let us kill birds, tigers, elephants,
all other life forms,
and cause
the Sixth Mass Extinction of species !
50
51. Biodiversity
World:
● 24% mammals, 12% birds, 25%
reptiles, 30% fish threatened or
endangered
● 100-1000 times faster than natural process
of extinction
India:
● > 10% flora and fauna are threatened,
many on verge of extinction
51
54. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
54
55. Man continued:
Let us extract all the groundwater,
pollute all the waterways,
exploit the oceans and coastal space!
55
56. Water
● The per capita availability of freshwater is declining
globally.
● Contaminated water remains the greatest single
environmental cause of human sickness and death.
● The decline of quantity and quality of surface and
groundwater is impacting aquatic ecosystems and
their services.
● By 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries
or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds
of the people in the world could be subject to water
stress.
56
57. Water
World:
● 80 countries of the world suffer from serious
water shortages:
● 1.5 billion people, one fourth of the
population, have no access to safe drinking
water.
● Half the population lacks sanitation
facilities.
India:
● No drinking water in > 60,000 villages
● Diarrhoea kills one million children per year
● 45 million affected by bad water per year
57
60. Oceans, Rivers, and Fisheries
●Aquatic ecosystems continue to be heavily
exploited, putting at risk sustainability of food
supplies and biodiversity.
●Global marine and freshwater fish catches
show large-scale declines, caused mostly by
persistent overfishing.
●No fish to catch, by 2050 ?
60
61. State of the Coast
● The average population density in coastal areas is
now twice as high as the global average.
● More than 100 million people live in areas no more
than one metre above mean sea-level.
● 21 of the world’s 33 mega-cities are located in
coastal areas, with most of them in developing
countries.
61
62. State of the Coast
● Poor planning,
● the loss of key ecosystems such as
wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs, and
● sea level rise due to climate change,
● are increasing the risk of flooding and
reducing coastal protection from storms,
tsunamis and erosion.
62
63. Coastal/Marine Degradation
World:
● Marine pollution has increased enormously.
● World fisheries have collapsed due to
overexploitation and pollution.
India:
● 50% of mangroves and corals lost
● Heavy sea erosion, sea water intrusion
63
64. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
64
65. Man said:
Let us be cool, use CFCs,
and
blow a big hole in the ozone layer !
65
66. Ozone Hole
●The “hole” in the stratospheric ozone layer
over the Antarctic is now the largest ever.
●Due to decreased emissions of ozone
depleting substances and assuming full
Montreal Protocol compliance, the ozone
layer is expected to recover, but not until 2060
(or even later).
66
68. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
68
69. Man also had a great idea:
Let us create big cities
and
we can live happily !
69
70. Our Urban Future
● An Urbanizing World
● Increase in urban population:
● From 732 million in 1950 to 3.2 billion in 2006.
● Half the world population is in cities (from 2008)
● Asia and Africa to double their urban populations
to roughly 3.4 billion by 2030.
70
71. Urban Woes
● Roughly half the people in African and Asian
cities lack adequate water and sanitation.
● 6 of the 10 are vulnerable to storm surges.
● Eight of the world’s 10 most populous cities
sit on earthquake faults
● Urban air pollution kills an estimated 800,000
people each year, roughly half of them in
China
● Each year, traffic accidents kill about 1.2
million people and injure up to 50 million
more.
71
74. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
74
75. Then Man said:
Let us use up all the natural resources, convert
them to waste,
and dump it or
pollute the air and water !
75
77. Air Pollution
● At least one billion people in the world breathe
unhealthy air.
● More than 2 million people globally die prematurely
every year due to outdoor and indoor air pollution.
● Although air pollution has decreased in some cities in
the North, emissions are increasing in many cities of
the South.
● Indoor air pollution due to the improper burning of
solid biomass fuels imposes an enormous health
burden.
● Indian cities among the most polluted in the world.
77
80. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
80
81. Man in essence said:
Let us consume more and more
and
we will all be happy !
81
85. Art by Chris Jordan
Plastic Bottles, 2007
60” x120"
Depicts two million
plastic beverage bottles,
the number used in the US
every five minutes.
85
86. Consumerism
Consumerism has become a way of life for us.
Let’s learn more about what happens to the
stuff we buy, consume and throw.
Let’s watch the video: The Story of Stuff (21) or
read the transcript
86
87. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
87
88. Things are warming up !
Global warming is happening:
● The Arctic is melting.
● Antarctic ice shelves are breaking off.
● The weather is becoming unpredictable.
● The frequency of natural disasters and the number
of people affected are increasing.
● Sea level rise is threatening the existence of small
islands.
India: The Himalayan glaciers are receding !
88
89. Climate Change Worsens Natural Disasters
Avalanches,
Snowstorms,
Landslides
Storms
Floods, Droughts,
Famines
Wildfires
TornadoesLightning
Note: The above disasters can get worse due to climate change 89
90. Tsunamis Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Increased Damage from Natural
Disasters
Due to:
● Uncontrolled urbanization
● High population density
● Poor planning and preparedness
Note: The above disasters are not related to climate change
90
91. We are past the tipping point
in many aspects of the environment !
It may all come together as a catastrophe
by 2030-35.
91
92. Of course, as we saw before, it is not
environment alone
Interconnected things:
● Increasing population, food prices
● Increasing disparities:
● Marginalisation of the poor
● Farmers in distress
● Increasing militarisation, terrorism
● Large scale corruption, frauds
● Financial crisis, economic ups and downs.
92
93. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
93
94. Is Unsustainability Really a Crisis?
Different Perceptions
● Environmental problems are not as bad as they are
made out to be.
● There are problems, but S&T will find solutions.
● There is a real crisis, the wolf is at the door, there is no
way out !
● Hunger and poverty are more important issues, we
need economic growth.
● It is all part of a Grand Design. God made this world,
and He will take care of it.
● The Earth is a self-evolving and self-regulating living
system and it will survive (Gaia Theory).
94
95. Human beings and
the natural world
are on a collision course.
● World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity
So, it is much worse than I imagined !
95
96. Changes are coming !
Within your lifetime, you will see
major environmental and social changes.
They will not be pleasant
for you, your children, and humanity.
You can, however, mitigate the impact
by taking action NOW.
There is no time to lose !
96
97. Wait a minute,
Were we not living happily
for thousands of years?
Why is there a crisis now?
97
98. Earth, Nature, Man: The Long View
We have survived for so long:
● Earth: 5 billion years
● Man: 3 to 5 million years
● Civilization: 10,000 years
We know:
● Nature absorbs disturbances !
● Man is the master !
● S&T can solve all problems !
● Economic development is the key.
98
99. Why can’t we continue the same way?
Or, is something different happening now?
99
100. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
100
106. Anyone who believes that exponential growth
can go on forever in a finite world is
either a madman or an economist.
- Kenneth Boulding
106
107. But don’t we all want growth?
That is what our politicians, industrialists and
economists are striving for.
Why do we have to question
‘economic growth’and ‘development’?
We certainly don’t have to give up development.
But we do have to think of development
differently...very differently.
107
109. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
○ The Idea of Progress
■ 16th
/17th
Century Europe
■ Industrial Revolution
○ New attitude towards nature
■ Man is most important
■ Nature is for exploitation
○ Exponential growth in many areas
■ Supported by Science & Technology
109
111. ● The degradation of a common shared resource
(commons) is inevitable in the long term when:
o The sharing individuals are rational and self-interested
(profit-minded).
o Its use is unregulated.
● The benefits of increased consumption are immediate
and privately enjoyed, while the degradation of the
resource is delayed and is distributed among all.
● So, consumption goes on increasing until the resource
degrades...
Garrett Hardin, 1968 Science 162 (3859): 1243–1248.
doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243.PMID 5699198.
Unsustainability is a Tragedy of the Commons
(Open Access Resources)
The socio-environmental crisis is a greatly
magnified Tragedy of the Commons.
111
112. Watch Video: Tragedy of the Commons │ The
Problem with Open Access (3.26 min) 112
113. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
113
114. What has the world done about it?
● Rachel Carson: Silent Spring (1962)
● Environmental movement
● Stockholm Conference (1972)
● UNEP, UN Conventions & Agreements
● Earth Summit, Agenda 21 (1992)
● World Summit on Sust. Development
(2002)
● Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, Kyoto Protocol
114
115. What has India done about it?
● Initial legislation: Water Act, etc.
● Post-Bhopal: Many laws
● Environment Protection Act, 1986
● MoEF, Pollution Control Boards
● Environmental Impact Assessment
● Rise of civil society
Yet, environmental degradation
continues unabated !
115
116. Is there no hope, then?
If things are so bad and disaster is imminent,
should I just give up?
No, I must find out
the real enemy of the environment !
116
117. Who is responsible?
● My neighbour who throws the garbage on the
street?
● Rich countries like the US that consume and
pollute a lot?
● Companies that use natural resources and throw
away the waste?
● Corrupt officials who let the companies pollute?
● Municipalities that do not clear the garbage?
● Overpopulation? But it only amplifies what is
basically wrong.
● Politics or the ‘system’? But, in a democracy,
don’t we make the system?
117
118. Who is responsible?
● Don’t say that you have nothing to do with it; you are
party to it and also the sufferer.
● Don’t say you are helpless and insignificant; small
steps make big impacts.
I am responsible for the damage and for bringing
change.
118
119. Our Attitudes and Actions are the
Cause
● My consumption
● The waste that I create and throw away
● NIMBY (Not In My BackYard) syndrome
● The corruption that I support, directly or
indirectly
● The unsustainable or polluting nature of my
work, my organization
119
120. So, I am now part of the problem !
Can I become a part of the solution ?
120
121. Yes!
We are the ones
we have been waiting for!
● June Jordan
I am the real cause of the problem
so I have to begin with myself !
121
122. Fine. I’m ready to do what it takes.
But what am I supposed to do?
What are WE supposed to do?
We all need to work towards:
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
122
123. Outline
● The Nurturing Biosphere
● Well-Being and Resource Consumption
● Present Unsustainability
● Course Description
● State of the Environment
○ Forests
○ Biodiversity
○ Water
○ Ozone layer
○ Urbanization
○ Resource depletion, waste and pollution
○ Consumerism
○ Climate Change
● Perceptions of the Crisis
● Causes of the Crisis
● Environmental Movement
● Sustainable Development
123
124. Sustainable Development (SD)
● SD is the economic development to meet human
needs while preserving the environment.
● Meet needs into the indefinite future.
● Present economic growth is unsustainable since it
leads to social inequities and environmental damage.
● Economy, Society, Environment: 3 interdependent
and mutually reinforcing pillars of SD.
124
126. In order to work towards Sustainable Development, we
need to learn a lot of things….
We need to study this course for starters!
So, let’s get on with it!
126
127. Wed. July 16, 2008 AM220 Lecture 1
Thank You
Look forward to learning more about
our wonderful environment with
you…
127