The document discusses nature-based solutions to address climate change impacts. It defines nature-based solutions as actions that protect, conserve, and sustainably manage natural ecosystems to provide environmental, social, and economic benefits, while increasing resilience. Examples of effective nature-based solutions discussed include protecting and restoring forests and peatlands, sustainable agriculture practices, urban green spaces, and natural flood management through re-naturalized rivers. The document stresses the importance of using local knowledge and considering equity and ecosystem conditions when implementing nature-based solutions.
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COP27 Nature-based Solutions Report
1. COP27: 16 November 2022 Working with nature for people and the planet
Nature-based Solutions
Introduction and Terrestrial and Freshwater ecosystems
Mike Morecroft
Coordinating Lead Author Chapter 2 WGII
@mike_morecroft
SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Ocean Image Bank/M.
Curnock, S. Baldwin,
CC BY-NC-ND 2.0; Y.
Ishida/UNDP T. Leste
CC BY-NY 2.0
2. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
‘Nature-based problems’…..
…. degradation and fragmentation increase vulnerability
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Deforestation and loss / degradation of natural
ecosystems is a significant cause of emissions
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Ecosystem, loss, fragmentation and degradation contribute to
emissions and increase the vulnerability of people and biodiversity to
climate change
So protecting and restoring nature is an essential element of
‘solving’ the climate problem
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“
Nature-based Solutions
Actions to protect, conserve, restore,
sustainably use and manage natural or
modified terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and
marine ecosystems which address social,
economic and environmental challenges
effectively and adaptively, while
simultaneously providing human well-being,
ecosystem services, resilience and
biodiversity benefits.
6. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
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Examples of terrestrial and freshwater
Nature-based Solutions with good evidence
Forests – mitigation and adaptation
• Protection of existing natural forests
• Re-afforestation with native species
• Sustainably managed biodiverse forests
Peatlands – mitigation and adaptation
• Protection of existing natural peatlands
• Restoration of degraded peatlands Photo: Olly Watts
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Agro-ecological farming – adaptation and mitigation
• Increasing soil carbon
• Agroforestry and silvo-pastoral systems
• Traditional low intensity grazing
Urban - adaptation
• Shade trees
• Cool natural areas
• Sustainable drainage
Image: dhoomil-shet-unsplash
Examples of terrestrial and freshwater
Nature-based Solutions with good evidence
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Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Re-naturalized rivers – adaptation (+mitigation?)
• Natural flood management
• Improved water quality
• Drought resilience
• meanders / debris / catchment
Photo: Olly Watts
Examples of terrestrial and freshwater
Nature-based Solutions with good evidence
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Right action, right place is essential
Scientific knowledge, practical expertise,
Local Knowledge and / or Indigenous Knowledge
Local (and national) leadership
Equity and justice
Responsive to different ecosystem states
10.
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“AFOLU mitigation options, when
sustainably implemented, can
deliver large-scale GHG
emission reductions and
enhanced removals, but cannot
fully compensate for delayed
action in other sectors
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SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
….. maintaining the
resilience of biodiversity
and ecosystem services at
a global scale depends on
effective and equitable
conservation of
approximately 30% to 50%
of Earth’s land, freshwater
and ocean areas,
including currently near-
natural ecosystems
(high confidence).
Image: NASA AS17-148-22727
13. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
Working Group II – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
For more information: IPCC Secretariat: ipcc-sec@wmo.int IPCC Press Office: ipcc-media@wmo.int Visit ipcc.ch
@IPCC_CH
#IPCCReport
@IPCC @IPCC
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Thank you!
14. SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT
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“
Nature-based Solutions
Actions to protect, sustainably manage and
restore natural or modified ecosystems that
address societal challenges effectively and
adaptively, simultaneously providing human
well-being and biodiversity benefits.
(IUCN; Cohen-Shachman et al., 2016)
Editor's Notes
HANS
This map gives an overview of biodiversity loss at different warming levels.
Emissions in 2019 were about 12% higher than they were in 2010 and 54% higher than in 1990.
We are not on track to limit warming to 1.5°C.
[NEXT SLIDE]
HANS
This map gives an overview of biodiversity loss at different warming levels.
DEBRA
And talking of other challenges – climate change combines with unsustainable use of natural resources, habitat destruction, deforestation, and growing urbanization as well as inequity and marginalization.
These trends not only present threats to ecosystems and the people who rely on them but also reduce the capacities of nature, communities and individuals to adapt to climate change.
DEBRA
Thank you Andrej.
As co-chairs of working group two, and on behalf of our authors, we are proud to present this latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which focuses on climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability.