Introduction, Features, Basic Commands and Distributions of LINUX Operating System

1. LINUX
Presented to: Mr.
Presented by: Deeksha

2. Table of Content
• Introduction
• Features of Linux OS
• Basic Linux
Commands
• Linux Distributions

3. Introduction to LINUX
• LINUX is an operating system.
• LINUX is FOSS(Freeware and Open Source Software).
• It was developed by Linus Torvalds and first released
on September 17, 1991.
• It was developed by using UNIX Kernel.
• Linux is an interface between computer/server
hardware, and the programs that runs on it.

4. Features of Linux OS
Free Operating System
Linux is a free OS. The operating system is cost-free so you can view, modify, and customize the code
without any cost. It facilitates the users by providing:
• Free to use this OS for personal use, on the server, and for educational use.
Open-source operating System
The code of the core component and other software are open to all the users. The facilities the feature
includes are:
• Anyone can go through the code so one can understand how the kernel works.
• Modification is possible according to the user’s preference. One can distribute the modified version to
other Linux distributions.
Portability
• Portability allows it to be used on a wide range of hardware architectures.

5. Lightweight
This operating system is so lightweight that it can be installed on any small hardware and it uses
quite small disk space while installation. Again, other operating systems have many default apps and
graphical interfaces but Linux is only a kernel that can be customized.
Multiuser and Multitask support
It allows numerous users to work on various tasks at once. There are two approaches to this:
•Single users doing multiple tasks.
•Multiple users do multiple tasks which includes editing file, and using browsing facility at the same
time.
Security
The Linux operating system provides strong security through end-to-end encryption. This
encryption feature includes:
•All the files are stored with a secure key.
•Users have to authenticate it by password.

6. Graphical User Interface
Linux supports the GUI just like Windows. You can install the packages on the command line or from
the server.
Well Structure File System
Linux has a hierarchical file system in which all files are sorted according to their type and located in a
particular directory. There are various types of directories in Linux, such as Binary Directory (bin), Unix
System Resource (usr), Configuration Directory (conf), Data Directory, and Memory Directory.
Accessible Update
The Linux operating system keeps the user’s system up to date by informing them of new updates
and making accessible the new versions. Users can upgrade the system based on their requirements.

7. Basic Linux
Commands
• The ls command
The ls command is used to list files and directories in the current
working directory.
• The pwd command
The pwd command allows us to print the current working directory
on our terminal.

8. • The cd command
Linux command to navigate through directories
• The mkdir command
It is used to create directories in Linux

9. • The cp and mv commands
The cp and mv commands are equivalent to the copy-paste
and cut-paste in Windows. But since Linux doesn’t really have
a command for renaming files, we also make use of the mv
command to rename files and folders.

10. • The rm command
Delete files or directories.
To delete a directory, you have
to add the -r argument to it.
Without the -r argument, rm
command won’t delete
directories.
• The touch command
Create blank/empty files

11. • The cat and echo command
When you want to output the contents of a file, or print
anything to the terminal output, we make use of the cat or
echo commands.
As you can see in the above example, the cat
command when used on our “New-File”, prints the contents
of the file. At the same time, when we use echo command, it
simply prints whatever follows after the command.

12. Linux Distributions
There are over 600 Linux distributions, over 300 of which are in
active development.

13. Thankyou.