The document provides an agenda and overview for a T-SQL training session covering topics such as null values, order by, distinct, aggregates, grouping, having vs where, compute by, union, constraints, joins, subqueries, and nested queries. Key points covered include:
- Null values represent unknown, missing, or inapplicable data
- Order by specifies sorting order, ascending is default but desc can specify descending
- Distinct eliminates duplicate rows in result sets
- Aggregates like count, sum, and average perform calculations on groups of values
- Group by orders data into groups and is useful with aggregates
- Having defines which groups are returned while where defines data set for grouping
- Subqueries can
PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/-VO7YjQeG6Y
** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **
This Edureka PPT on PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners (blog: http://bit.ly/33GN7jQ) will help you learn PostgreSQL in depth. You will also learn how to install PostgreSQL on windows. The following topics will be covered in this session:
What is DBMS
What is SQL?
What is PostgreSQL?
Features of PostgreSQL
Install PostgreSQL
SQL Command Categories
DDL Commands
ER Diagram
Entity & Attributes
Keys in Database
Constraints in Database
Normalization
DML Commands
Operators
Nested Queries
Set Operations
Special Operators
Aggregate Functions
Limit, Offset & Fetch
Joins
Views
Procedures
Triggers
DCL Commands
TCL Commands
Export/ Import Data
UUID Datatype
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
PostgreSQL Tutorial for Beginners | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/-VO7YjQeG6Y
** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **
This Edureka PPT on PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners (blog: http://bit.ly/33GN7jQ) will help you learn PostgreSQL in depth.
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/-VO7YjQeG6Y
** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **
This Edureka PPT on PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners (blog: http://bit.ly/33GN7jQ) will help you learn PostgreSQL in depth. You will also learn how to install PostgreSQL on windows. The following topics will be covered in this session:
What is DBMS
What is SQL?
What is PostgreSQL?
Features of PostgreSQL
Install PostgreSQL
SQL Command Categories
DDL Commands
ER Diagram
Entity & Attributes
Keys in Database
Constraints in Database
Normalization
DML Commands
Operators
Nested Queries
Set Operations
Special Operators
Aggregate Functions
Limit, Offset & Fetch
Joins
Views
Procedures
Triggers
DCL Commands
TCL Commands
Export/ Import Data
UUID Datatype
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
PostgreSQL Tutorial for Beginners | EdurekaEdureka!
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/-VO7YjQeG6Y
** MYSQL DBA Certification Training https://www.edureka.co/mysql-dba **
This Edureka PPT on PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners (blog: http://bit.ly/33GN7jQ) will help you learn PostgreSQL in depth.
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/edurekaIN
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
Castbox: https://castbox.fm/networks/505?country=in
An introduction to SQL standard language for beginners and non-technical information people. Mostly covers SELECT statement using standard clauses, Joins, Sub-Queries and ...
Consists of the explanations of the basics of SQL and commands of SQL.Helpful for II PU NCERT students and also degree studeents to understand some basic things.
An introduction to SQL standard language for beginners and non-technical information people. Mostly covers SELECT statement using standard clauses, Joins, Sub-Queries and ...
Consists of the explanations of the basics of SQL and commands of SQL.Helpful for II PU NCERT students and also degree studeents to understand some basic things.
With the introduction of SQL Server 2012 data developers have new ways to interact with their databases. This session will review the powerful new analytic windows functions, new ways to generate numeric sequences and new ways to page the results of our queries. Other features that will be discussed are improvements in error handling and new parsing and concatenating features.
An SQL JOIN clause combines columns from one or more tables in a relational database. It creates a set that can be saved as a table or used as it is. A JOIN is a means for combining columns from one (self-table) or more tables by using values common to each.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Agenda Nulls Order by Distinct Aggregates Grouping Having vs. where Compute by Union Constraints (PK,FK) Join tables Sub queries, nested queries Common restriction on Sub-queries
3. Nulls A null does notmean zero A null indicates that a value is missing, unavailable, incomplete, and inapplicable. Nulls represent an unknown quantity or value. Any question about a null could provide three answers: yes, no, or maybe Try it Now
4. Remember that studying null gives you the full ability to select any data from a database. The select clause specifies what columns we want to see The from clause tells what table we want to see data from The where clause restricts the data we will see
5. Order by The order by clause is used to specify a sorting order of the result set The sorting can be performed by column name or by column number. The default sort order is ascending (a-z), but you can specify a descending order by using the keyword desc. Try it Now
6. Distinct Try this: select studentName from libraryVisitors As you have seen from the above query result, you can get what appear to be duplicate rows in the result set From the scope of the result set, they are duplicates From the scope of the database they are not Sometimes we do not want to see these duplicate rows We can eliminate them by use of the distinct keyword Try it Now
7. Aggregates The three we will explore are count, sum, and average. countreturns a count of the number of rows in a table that match a certain criteria sumis used to add up all of the values in a column Avgwill return the average value in a column Try it Now
8. Group by Data in a table is essentially stored randomly The group by will order the data into groups You still need to specify an order by clause to perform sorting Nulls are consider a group The true power of a group by comes from using it in conjunction with an aggregate Try it Now
9. Group by Note that: One thing to remember is that if you use a group by with an aggregate, you must specify all non-aggregate columns in the group by clause. You can not specify an aggregate in the group by clause. Try it Now
10. Having vs. where There is a fundamental difference The whereclause defines the set of data the grouping is done on The havingdefines which groups are going to be returned to the user Having clause generally contain aggregates as part of the selection criteria The book "The Practical SQL Handbook" has a good explanation on pages 180 - 185 Try it Now
11. Compute by With a compute/computed by, you can only use columns in the select list A compute by is used to sub-summaries You can use any aggregate exceptcount(*) Compute by must start with the same expressions as listed after order by and not skip any expressions Try it Now
12. Compute by Legal order by a,b,c compute by a,b,c compute by a,b compute avg(price) by a Illegal order by a,b,c compute by b,a,c compute by c,a compute avg(price) by b Try it Now
13. Union combining data from two different tables when they have mutually exclusive criteria The only restrictions on unions are that the same number of columns must be in each separate result set and the datatypes must match We use the keyword Union to do that Try it Now
14. Relationships A database derives its usefulness from containing a group of tables that have some relationship to each other An entity is a person, place, or thing of importance to an organization An entity generally becomes a table Relationships are the connections between tables Relationships are usually implemented as keys in a database design
15.
16.
17. Primary Key A primary key is a special type of key that consists of one or more columns that uniquely identify a row Primary keys must be unique and can not contain null values A table will only have one primary key Primary key can not be null. Try it Now
18. Foreign Key A foreign key is one or more columns that refer to a primary key of another table If we have stu_id as a primary key in students table it’s consider to be a foreign key in the libraryVisitors table. Try it Now
19. Composite key A primary key and a foreign key can consist of more than one column When a key contains more than one column, it is known as a composite key The primary key of the titleauthor table is a composite (au_id,title_id)
20. Join tables All of the data in a database is segmented into tables and we generally need data from more than one table to show what we need You will notice that there is no such thing as a join clause in our SQL syntax If we get the data from library table we will get the stu_id which make no sense we need the studentName so, we use joins as shown in the try it out. Try it Now
22. Join tables We are retrieving data from more than one table, so each table must be specified in the from clause So, The from clause can be seen as the main driver of a SQL statement The type of join we have examined so far is also referred to as an equi-join or an inner join And if you will notice that the results that has null values is ignored
23. Join tables To solve the problem of the null values we use another type of joins called outer join Outer joins come in three different flavors Left Right Full Left: stores.stor_id *= sales.stor_id Right: sales.stor_id =* stores.stor_id A full outer join is included here for completeness If you have one table with 100 rows and another with 1000 rows, a full outer join will produce a result set of 100,000 rows Try it Now
24. Full outer Join A full outer join will produce a cross product of the two tables This is because with a full outer join, you are telling the database to give every combination of rows possible The first time you inadvertently fire one of these off, you will get a rather angry call from your DBA
25. Sub queries Sub-queriesare simply a SQL statement nested inside of another SQL statement. The most common place to do this is in a where or havingclause. Subqueries come in two basic kinds: correlated and noncorrelated
26. Two kinds of sub queries A noncorrelatedsub-query is one in which the inner query is independent, gets evaluated first, and passes it’s result set back to the outer query A correlatedsub-query is one in which the inner query is dependent upon the results from the outer query
27. Two examples to sub queries noncorrelated: select pub_name from publishers where pub_id in (select pub_id from titles where type = 'business') correlated: select pub_name from publishers p where 'business' in (select type from titles where oub_id = p.pub_id) Try it Now
28. Join and sub-queries select distinct pub_name from publishers, authors where publishers.city = authors.city AND select pub_name from publishers where city in (select city from authors) will return the same results Whether you use joins or subqueries is usually a matter of choice Most joins can be expressed as subqueries and vice versa
29. Common restriction Subqueries can not manipulate their results internally. i.e. They can not contain an order by or the keyword INTO You use the ANY and ALL keywords with a comparison operator in a sub-query > ALL means greater than every value in the results of the inner query (> maximum value) > ANY means greater than any value in the results of the inner query (> minimum value) Try it Now
30. Exist The last type of sub-query is used to test for the existence of something To find all of the publishers who publish business books we would do the following: select distinct pub_name from publishers where exists (select 1 from titles where pub_id = publishers.pub_id and type = 'business')
31. Nested Queries A sub-query may contain anothersub-query In fact you can nest as many levels as you need. However, for most applications more than four levels is an indication of poor database design