2. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor (AD 802-1431)
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
3. Kingdom of Angkor
First Government
Lasted from AD 802-1431
Powerful empire including
Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
(30 million people)
Hinduism, temple built of
stone carved with myths and
stories
Temple of Angkor Wat
Wat = Temple
4. Kingdom of Angkor
Shift from Hinduism to
Buddhism
Thailand invaded in 1431
Vietnamese invaded.
Lost territories to Thailand and
Vietnam
Capital moved to Phnom Penh
(1432)
Simple agricultural life
5. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period 1863-1954
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
6. French Colonial Period
1863-1954
1863-1954
The French arrived in 1863
French controlled, King Norodom as a
Symbolic King
Pros: Restoration of Angkor Wat and offer
protection from Thailand and Vietnam
Cons: lost freedom and being controlled
Independence from French in 1954
Prince Sihanouk ruled the country until
1970 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aua0ggygWok/Te8gnOyjFEI/AAAAAAAADvU/b
7. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
8. US Bombing of Cambodia
1969 Vietnam-American War
spilled into Cambodia
Bombing continued for 4 years
US thought some Cambodian
helped Viet Cong
1970, War broke out throughout
the country
1970-1975 several hundred
thousand Cambodians died
9. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
10. Khmer Rouge Genocide
1940s Communist movement to
oppose the French Rule
Better treatment for farmers
Khmer Rouge - Red Cambodians-
led by Pol Pot
1975 Khmer Rough took over
Cambodia, killed middle or upper
class- a country without class
During 1975-1979, 1.7 millions
people died
http://cdn.radionetherlands.nl/data/files/imagecache/must_carry/images/lead/cam
11. Khmer Rouge Genocide
Killing Field of Khmer Rouge
Khmer Rouge invaded
Vietnam
Cambodians fled to the
Thai border in 1979
250,000 Cambodian-
Americans living in the US
today
http://www.galenfrysinger.com/Photos/cambodia06.jpg
12. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
13. Vietnamese-backed Government
Tuol Sleng (S21)
1979-1991 Vietnam
controlled Cambodia
Rebuilt roads, hospitals
and schools
http://thanatourism.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/building-1.jpg?w=640&h=392&crop=1
14. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
15. Civil War
By people loyal to king, with
business interest, and the
Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot
Khmer Rouge fought the
government until Pol Pot
died the day before taken
prisoner by the US
16. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
17. Democratic Election
Vietnam left Cambodia in 1991
UN helped prepare for
democratic election
First election in 1993 (Hun Sen
and Prince Ranariddh)
Hun Sen won election in 1998,
2003 as Prime Minister until
present
A poster urging voting at the
democratic election in Cambodia Lots of corruptions
(1993)
http://www.ba.tyg.jp/~yokoyama/Gallery_Engy.html
18. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
19. Cambodia Today
Strongly influenced by Angkor
Empire
Music and royal dance
95% Buddhism
Cambodian New Year (April)
Water Festival (November)
Once one of the most powerful
countries in the world
Among the 10 poorest nations http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_76xUgRgjZYM/SeSw7OHR9aI/AAAAAAAALJE/HfWUZL1IW1
http://khmerleader.blogspot.com/2010/09/attacking-poverty-in-cambodia-and-india.html
http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5093/5453220547_d12a08142a.jpg http://yourmission.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/125.jpg
20. History of Cambodia
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor
French Colonial Period
US bombing of Cambodia
Khmer Rouge Genocide
Vietnamese-backed Government
Civil War
Democratic Elections
Cambodia Today
Cambodia’s Challenges
21. Cambodia’s Challenges
Still recovering from Genocide
50% women, 25% men cannot
read or write
30% has access to clean water
50% children are malnourished
4-6 MILLION land mines
Poverty and Government
Corruption
23. What is the capital of Cambodia?
Phnom Penh
Sihanouk Blvd, Phnom
Penh City
Independence
Monument from France
in 1953
http://laoscambodia.com/Phnom-Penh-view.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f1b_PUjhcY0/Tr0PDRRnA4I/AAAAAAAACbI/olP9-KkLY1M/s1600/phnom-penh.jpg
24. What is the climate like?
close to the Equator
hot and tropical
rainy and dry seasons
http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/61187/61187,1144467296,1/stock-photo-raining-in-rainforest-cambodia-1179271.jpg
25. What kind of food could you get in a
country with lakes and rivers?
Fish and Rice
85% are rice farmers
26. What languages do they speak?
Khmer or Cambodian
http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/images/khmercon.jpg
27. What types of government were used/is used
in Cambodia?
Kingdom
Communism
Democracy
28. What was the famous ancient government in
Cambodia?
The Kingdom of
Angkor
http://news.asianatravelmate.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/angkor-wat-cambodia.jpg
29. What happened to Angkor?
Decreased in size and
power due to invasions
from Thailand and
Vietnam
http://naigimm.multiply.com/photos/photo/22/2
http://www.bangkoksite.com/AyutthayaPage/WatChaiwatthanaram.htm
30. Which foreign country colonized Cambodia?
The French took over Cambodia
In 1863, French protectorate
What was an advantage of being controlled by
the French?
Cambodia was protected from its invading neighbors.
What was a disadvantage?
Lost freedom
Felt resentment for being controlled by foreigners.
31. When did Cambodia become independent
from France and who ruled the country?
in 1954
Ruled by Prince Sihanouk
Why did the US start bombing Cambodia in 1969?
The US thought Cambodia was supporting the Vietnamese
communists
32. What happened in 1975?
Genocide began
The Khmer Rouge took over the country
started killing educated people
1.7 million people died from execution, starvation,
disease
33. How did the genocide end?
The Vietnamese invaded and pushed them out in 1979
What was the attitude of Cambodians toward new
Vietnamese-backed government?
Glad to be free from the Khmer Rouge
But didn’t like the Vietnamese
Who was the civil war between?
Cambodian Government vs the Khmer Rouge and
other groups
35. Who is the current leader of Cambodia?
Hun Sen
Sole leader of
Cambodian People’s
Party since 1979
36. What happened to the Khmer Rough leaders?
Pol Pot died in 1998
Son Sen died in 1997
Awaiting a United Nation trial
for crime against Humanity
Nuon Chea,
Ieng Sary,
Khieu Samphan,
http://resources3.news.com.au/images/2009/12/18/122
http://www.flickr.com/photos/der/1150868208/
Ieng Thirith http://www.cambodia.org/images/NuonChea_trial.jpg http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0g5d8Be69p1Fk/610x.jpg
http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/P/Pol-Pot-9443888-1-402.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iardilhvHT8/TlfHYCADV5I/AAAAAAAACWE/KazhhlzwCEA/s1600/Reuters_Cambodia_Thirith_06_29_2011_480.jpg
37. What is Cambodia like today?
Buddhist
Democratic
Recovering from Genocide
Poverty
Lack of schools and
medical care
Corruption
Editor's Notes
Lesson for this week is going to be about Cambodia. What do you know about the country of Cambodia so far? Do you know where Cambodia is? Let’s think about it now for a second, then pair up with your friend or partner and then share the information. You may take note on the space provided on your study guide
Ancient Kingdom of Angkor - The first government in Cambodia was a kingdom. The ancient Kingdom of Angkor lasted from 802 to 1431 AD. At it’s peak, this powerful empire extended into Thailand, Vietnam and Laos and had a population of 30 million people. Many of the kings who ruled during this time associated themselves with one of the Hindu gods and then built a temple using slaves to honor the god and himself. Most of the temples were built of stone and have myths and stories carved in their walls. Beautiful dances were performed for the king. Today people from all over the world travel to Cambodia to visit these beautiful ancient temples which are one of the largest religious structures in the world. Another word for temple is wat. The most famous temple is named Angkor W at.
Over time the predominant religion of the Khmer kings shifted from Hinduism to Buddhism and fewer temples were built. In 1431 an army from Thailand invaded Cambodia and took treasures from one of the temples. Later the Vietnamese invaded. Cambodia eventually lost a large part of it’s territory to Thailand and Vietnam. The capital of Cambodia was moved to Phnom Penh. Even though the kingdom downsized, life for the peasants, which was most of the population, didn’t change a lot over the next 400 years. They grew rice, lived simple lives in the rural areas, and sought protection from those in power.
French Colonial Period - The French arrived in 1863 and took over Cambodia. They controlled the country, but allowed King Norodom to be a symbolic king. One positive contribution from the French was the restoration of Cambodia’s ancient temples from the Angkor period. The French also offered protection from Cambodia’s invading neighbors, Vietnam and Thailand. The negative side of French colonialism was that Cambodia lost its freedom and was being controlled by a foreign country. In 1954 Cambodia became independence from France. Prince Sihanouk ruled the country until 1970. This picture shows French colonial architecture that is well preserved in Battambang province in the northwest of Cambodia.
US Bombing of Cambodia - In 1969 the Vietnam-American War spilled into Cambodia when the US started bombing Cambodia. International law states that it is illegal to bomb a neutral country, which Cambodia was, but the bombing continued for four years. The US felt that some people in Cambodia were helping the Viet Cong. The Viet Cong was the military arm of the National Liberation Front (NLF). It was created by the North Vietnamese communists to escalate the armed struggle in South Vietnam. In 1970, when Prince Sihanouk was on a trip to France, General Lon Nol took over Cambodia. Lon Nol supported the US in the Vietnam War. In 1970 US and South Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia and war broke out throughout the country. Between 1970 and 1975 several hundred thousand people died in Cambodia.
Khmer Rouge Genocide - The communist movement started in Cambodia in the 1940’s to oppose the French rule. After independence from France, the communists continued to work for better treatment of the peasant farmers in Cambodia. The communists were called the Khmer Rouge (meaning red Cambodians) and were led by Pol Pot. In 1975, the Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia. They had a vision of creating a country without class, where everyone was equal. However they were very brutal and started executing everyone who was middle or upper class. They moved everyone out of the cities and put them in slave labor camps in the rural areas. There was not enough food or medicine, so many people died from starvation or disease. During the four year reign of the Khmer Rouge, 1.7 million people died.
The Khmer Rouge invaded Vietnam, in an attempt to reclaim Cambodia’s former territory. This provoked Vietnam into invading Cambodia, ousting the Khmer Rouge and taking over the country in 1979. Many Cambodians fled to the Thai border in 1979, when the Vietnamese were fighting the Khmer Rouge. These people became refugees and lived camps just over the Thai border. Some were given permission to move to the US. Now there are about 250,000 Cambodian-Americans living in the US today.
Vietnamese-backed Government - Vietnam controlled Cambodia from 1979 to 1991. Vietnam was a communist government, but it was very different from the Khmer Rouge. Vietnam helped Cambodia rebuild roads, hospitals and schools – everything the Khmer Rouge had destroyed. This is a picture of Tuol Sleng, a prison where prisoner were brought here before being executed during the Khmer Rouge. It was once a school building.
Civil War - Some Cambodians did not like being controlled by Vietnam, their former enemy, so they started a war against the Vietnamese-backed Cambodian government. This civil war included people who were loyal to the king, people with business interests, and the largest group was the Khmer Rouge, still led by Pol Pot. The Khmer Rouge kept fighting the government until 1998 when Pol Pot mysteriously died the day before he was to be taken prisoner by the US.
Democratic Elections - In 1991 the Vietnamese left Cambodia because the Soviet Union collapsed and withdrew their aid from Vietnam. The United Nations then took over and helped Cambodia prepare for democratic elections. The first democratic election was held in 1993. Hun Sen and Prince Ranariddh became co-prime ministers. Hun Sen won the national election in 1998 and again in 2003. Hun Sen’s government has had a lot of corruption. Powerful government officials have taken land, forests, and fishing rights from poor peasants.
Cambodia Today – The Cambodian culture is strongly influenced by the Angkor Period. The music and royal dance from the ancient empire are still performed today. The religion of ninety-five percent of the people living in Cambodia is Buddhism. The two biggest holidays are the Cambodian New Year which falls in April and the Water Festival in November. Once one of the most powerful countries of the world, Cambodia is now among the 10 poorest.
Cambodia’s Challenges – Cambodia is still recovering from the Khmer Rouge genocide, when a quarter of the population, including most of the educated people (such as doctors and teachers) were killed. There still is a shortage of schools and hospitals. Half the women and 25% of the men living in Cambodia did not have an opportunity to go to school and cannot read or write. Only 30% of the population has access to clean drinking water. Almost half of the children in Cambodia are malnourished. There are 4 to 6 million landmines in Cambodian soil which are still being stepped on each day by civilians. Cambodian’s greatest challenges today are poverty and government corruption.
Let’s spend about 10 minutes to try to answer the following questions
Now... what is the capital of Cambodia? Yes, it is Phnom Penh. This is a picture of Sihanoug Blvd in Phnom Penh city with the Independence monument here. This monument was built in 1958 for Cambodia's independence from France in 1953
It is located close to the equator, it is hot and tropical with a rainy season and a dry season
Tonle Sap is a great lake in Cambodia and there are so many rivers. Cambodians catch fish and grow rice. 85% of people are rice farmers.
The language spoken in Cambodia is called Khmer or Cambodian. The people who live there are also referred to as Khmer or Cambodian. You can use either word.
Cambodia has had many different types of government during its history. Can you name some types of government? Kingdom refers to monarchy . Monarchy is a form of government in which the office of head of state is usually held until death or abdication and is often hereditary and includes a royal house . Communism aims at establishment of equality between people. It showed during Khmer Rouge.
It’s The Kingdom of Angkor, which flourished for more than 600 years.
In 1432, Angkor Empire decreased in size and power due to invasions from Thailand and Vietnam. Capitol was moved to Phnom Penh. This is a picture of a temple in Ayuthaya, the ancient capital of Thailand. This temple is built in Khmer style, very similar to Angkor Wat in 1630. Prince DamRon Rachanuphap noted that its architecture was similar to that of Angkor Wat and inferred that this temple might have been built to commemorate the king’s victory over Cambodia.
The French took over. In 1863, Cambodia under king Norodom became a protectorate of France Cambodia was protected from its invading neighbors. They lost their freedom. They felt resentment toward being controlled by foreigners. Was America ever controlled by foreigners? How did we feel? What did we do? Does the US exercise colonial power over any countries or territories? Puerto Rico, Siapan (location of US sweatshops)
Cambodia became independent from France in 1954 and Prince Sihanouk ruled the country at the time. Because they thought Cambodia was supporting the Vietnamese communists.
The genocide began. The Khmer Rouge took over, put everyone in work camps and started killing educated people. 1.7 million people died from execution, starvation or disease over the next 4 years.
The genocide ended when the Vietnamese invaded and pushed the Khmer Rouge out in 1979. They were glad to be free from the Khmer Rouge but they didn’t like being controlled by the Vietnamese. The Cambodian government vs. the Khmer Rouge and other groups.
Pol Pot’s death in 1998 . It is interesting that one man was able to keep the brutal Khmer Rouge movement going for over 20 years after the genocide ended in 1979. After the fall of Khmer Rouge, he fled into the jungles of Southwest Cambodia. From 1979 to 1997 he and his followers of the old Khmer Rouge operated from the border region of Cambodia and Thailand , where they clung to power, with nominal United Nations recognition as the rightful government of Cambodia.
Hun Sen is the current Prime Minister of Cambodia . He h as been the sole leader of the Cambodian People's Par ty (CPP), which has gove rned Cambodia since the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Khmer Rouge in 1979.
The United Nations and Cambodia set up an international tribunal to bring the Khmer Rouge leaders to trial. Pol Pot died and Son Sen died in 1998 and 1997. Nuon Chea or ‘brother number two’ presently in detention awaiting a United Nations trial for crimes against humanity for his role in the genocide. Former foreign minister Ieng Sary, former head of state Khieu Samphan and Ieng Thirith, wife of Ieng Sary are also awaiting trial with Nuon Chea. In November 25 this year, a couple of days ago, Here is the picture of trial on November 25, a couple of days a go. The three leaders, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, and Khieu Samphan are on trial being accused of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity; subsumed within that list are the crimes of murder, extermination, enslavement, imprisonment, torture, persecution and willful killing among others. They denied all charges.
Buddhist, democratic, recovering from genocide, poverty, lack of schools and medical care, government corruption.
