In 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama, anti-segregation demonstrators lay on the sidewalk to protect themselves from high-pressure water hoses used by firemen against the protesters. This document discusses Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership of the American civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s, including his organization of nonviolent protests and marches against racial segregation and discrimination, culminating in his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech at the 1963 March on Washington. King was assassinated in 1968 while supporting striking workers in Memphis, Tennessee.