Martin Luther King Jr. was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia and was originally named Michael King Jr. but his father changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. after the Christian reformer Martin Luther. King faced racial discrimination and segregation as an African American in the southern United States. He earned advanced degrees and became a Baptist minister. King emerged as a civil rights leader in the 1950s and 1960s, advocating for racial equality and desegregation through nonviolent civil disobedience. He led many protests and marches, gave influential speeches, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. King was assassinated in 1968 but his legacy continues to inspire through the annual Martin Luther King Jr. Day national holiday.