The document traces the history and evolution of computing technology from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern computers. It outlines early mechanical calculating devices like Napier's Bones and the Leibniz wheel, as well as the slide rule and calculating clock. It then discusses the development of programmable digital computers starting with Babbage's Difference Engine and the ENIAC, through early stored-program computers like EDVAC and UNIVAC. The document details the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. It also categorizes different types of computers from supercomputers to mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Finally, it outlines the basic components and functions of modern computer systems including input, output,

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6.  (Abacus) 
 (The
(Napier’s rod) Leibniz Wheel)
 
(Slide Rule)

(Babbage’s
(Calculating Difference
Clock) Engine)
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7.  ABC
 Mark I
 ENIAC
 EDVAC
 UNIVAC - -

8. 
(Vacuum Tube)

(Transistor)
 (IC
: Integrated Circuit)
 VLSI
(Very Large Scale Integration) - -

9. Supercomputer
Mainframe Com
Minicomputer
Microcompute
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10. Desktop Computer / PC
Notebook Computer
Palm Computer
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12. Input Units
Keyboard Digital Camera
Mouse Pen
Track Ball Digitizer
Scanner
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13. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• (Control Unit)
•
(Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• (Main M
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14. Output Units
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15. Storages
Diskette 5.25”
CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD
Harddisk
Zip Disk, Jaz Disk
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18. - Computer System
- Hardware
- Software
- Peopleware
- Data
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19. http://www.nectec.or.th/courseware
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