This document provides examples of how to format in-text citations in academic writing for various sources including books, journal articles, websites, and interviews. The citations demonstrate how to integrate references to authors and their works within the body of a paper and correspond them to a reference list.

1. In-Text Citations
Answers to Exercises

2. Exercise 1 Note: Other
Note: Other
verbs are
verbs are
possible here.
possible here.
• Fishburn (2000) argues that freedom to
explore, a caring community, and exciting art
projects are three important characteristics of
an art program.
• Freedom to explore, a caring community, and
exciting art projects are three important
characteristics of an art program (Fishburn,
2000).

3. Exercise 2
• Donner (2000) writes, "Volunteering in our
community helps both the community and
ourselves” (p. 112)
OR
• "Volunteering in our community helps both
the community and ourselves” (Donner, 2000,
p. 112)

4. Exercise 3
• Critical thinking must be a central part of
university studies (Birge, 2001; Spoon, 2000).

5. Exercise 4
• "Study Skills for University Success” (2002)
states that success in college depends on
effective study habits.
OR
• Success in college depends on effective study
habits("Study Skills for University Success,”
2002).

6. Exercise 5
• Most students change their major at least
once during their undergraduate studies
(Pope & Green, 2003).
• The primary difference between a digital
camera and a traditional film camera is how
they capture the image (Jones, Letham, &
Brout, 2004).

7. Exercise 6
• According to Patricia Manning, a
spokesperson for the American Cancer
Society, the health effects of secondhand
smoke are still being studied (cited in Simms,
2003).