This document provides 4 techniques for writing conclusions: 1) Echo the introduction with different wording, 2) Use a relevant quotation, 3) End with a powerful fact or statistic, 4) Give a suggestion based on the topic. Effective conclusions restate the main points, reinforce the thesis, and leave the reader with a final thought or call to action.

1. Techniques for Conclusions

2. Echo the introduction with
different wording.
• This technique can be seen in the example
introduction and conclusion above.

3. Use a quotation.
• Example:
– A paper about space travel might conclude with a
quote from Neil Armstrong.

4. End with a powerful fact.
• Example:
– A paper about cigarette smoking might conclude
with the number of people who die every year
from cigarette smoking and a warning to quit
smoking.

5. Give a suggestion.
• Example:
– A paper about the need for better recycling
programs might conclude by recommending that
everyone recycle in their own homes.