The document discusses advanced networking capabilities and applications for research and education both currently and in the future. Today, networks provide megabit bandwidth and IP services focused on campuses, while coordination across networks is loose. Tomorrow, gigabit bandwidth, IP and dynamic circuit services will have inter-domain middleware and high coordination across networks. Today's applications include videoconferencing and sharing small data sets, while remote instruments have limited access. Future applications will support uncompressed HD video, sharing terabyte data sets globally, and routine access to remote instruments. A variety of research applications are discussed that benefit from high-speed networks including distributed computing, telemedicine, astronomy, and tele-immersion.

1. Advanced R&E NetworkingNetworking Capabilities: TODAY Megabit-per-second bandwidth IP-based services Campus-focused middleware Loose coordination across networks TOMORROW Gigabit-per-second bandwidth IP-based and Dynamic Circuit (DC) services Inter-domain middleware High coordination across networks

2. Advanced R&E NetworkingApplications: TODAY TV-Quality Videoconferencing Gigabyte-class data sets among small research groups Limited access to remote scientific instruments TOMORROW Uncompressed HDTV and gigapixel displays Terabyte-class data sets among global research groups Routine, reliable, and discipline wide access to remote scientific instruments

4. Low Latency: No lip synch issues, can use for foreign language, remote music instruction, etc.

5. Real Time Interactive Collaboration: Learning objects can be manipulated in real time.

6. Easy Entry Point: IP Videoconferencing is versatile and an easy way to get started.MegaconferenceJr. Read Around the Planet Physics Master Classes

7. It’s more than just videoconferencing! Digital Library Resources Remote Instrumentation Networked Instrumentation Medical Simulation Distributed Collaboratories

8.  Types of Applications Internet2 applications require enhanced networking functionality—such as high bandwidth, low latency (delay) and jitter, and multicast—not available on our commercial Internet connections. 5

9.  Example applications: Grid computing Telemedicine Astronomy Tele-immersion Music Digital Video Tele-Operation of Remote Equipment 6

10. Using the network as a "backplane" to build network-wide computation and data services. It enables scientific exploration, which requires intensive computation and analysis of shared large-scale databases, from hundreds of TeraBytes to PetaBytes, across widely distributed scientific communities. 7 The Grid project

11. 8 The two biggest centers For Particle Physics Fermilab near Chicago CERN in Geneva

12. 9 The Computing Challenge 3.5 PetaBytes / year ~108 events/year

13. Telemedicine During a surgery performed at Ohio State University, Abilene was used to conference with doctors from other parts of the country. An MRI machine can scan a patient in one location and send the data to a remote supercomputer for processing, and then deliver the resulting images to a doctor in a third location. 10

14. Tele-health Medical instruction Clinical practice Research

15. Radio Astronomy Electronic transmission of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (e-VLBI) data from the Haystack's Westford Observatory and NASA's Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory, which were streamed over Internet2's Abilene Network to the Haystack correlator at 512 Mbps. The live results were displayed in a 3D plot (correlation amplitude, differential Doppler, differential delay) in Pittsburgh as the data were correlated. 12

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17. Tele-immersion Tele-immersion creates coordinated, partially simulated environments at geographically distributed sites so that users can collaborate as if they were in the same physical room. In the case of medical applications, such as tele-radiology and urgent diagnostics, the availability of such technologies in the places that are physically inaccessible to specialists could potentially save the lives. Off-shore ships and oil rigs are good examples of such environments. 14

18. The participants in this session were not only able to see each other in 3D but they were also able to engage in collaborative work, and take part in a design process (a simple example of interior office design)

19. Synthetic Worlds Otherwise known as massive multiplayer interactive games Over 5 million “inhabitants” today Doubling every 18 months About 2% of the Internet-connected population age 14-28 spend more time in the synthetic world than in the real world Linked to the real world Physical artifacts like playing cards Ebay auctions for “money” and resources Real people make real money

20. Undersea Oceanography Images National Geographic

21. Supporting Large-scale Distributed Sensor Networks Ecology Seismology Meteorology

22. Astronomy High-Energy and Nuclear Physics Access to Unique Scientific Instruments

23. Hi-fidelity Collaboration HD-quality video CD-quality audio

25. Arts

26. Biological Sciences

27. Business

28. Computer Science

29. Education

30. Engineering

31. Geophysical Sciences

32. Health Sciences

33. Humanities

34. Mathematical and Physical Sciences

35. Other

36. Social Sciences21 List of projects by discipline area :