The document provides information about the internet and its various components. It discusses the history of the internet beginning in the 1960s with ARPANET and how different networks eventually merged to form the worldwide internet. It describes how individuals and computers connect to the internet using options like cable, DSL, wireless, satellite, etc. The document also outlines important internet services such as email, the world wide web, file transfer, and discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of internet usage.

2. UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
(JBDCAMPUS)
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY
Group No: 4
Aimen Alamgir
Misbah Rabbani
Nimra Raheem
Bushra parveen
Ifat Siddeque
Mehnaz Rani
Submitted To:-Sir Aftab

3. Contents:-
 Internet
 Working of internet
 positive aspects of internet in society
 Advantages of internet
 Disadvantages of internet
 History of internet
 Connection to the internet
 Services of internet
 Web Browser

5. INTERNET:-
The Internet is the largest computers
network that connects millions of
computers all over the world. The
computers connected to the internet can
exchange information with each other.
These computers are connected through
different telecommunication links:
 Phone lines
 Fiber optic lines
 satellite and wireless connections

6. WORKING OF INTERNET:-
 The internet is a collection millions of people.
These computers are linked together on a
computer network.
 The network is used by computers to
computers with one another.
A personal computer can connected to
internet using Phone lines,DSL,or cable
modem.
All computers and other devices such as
smart phones connected to internet create a
network of networks.
 The computer transfer data and information
around the world.
Every computer or devices connected to

7. Server:.
A server is a computer that request and
return the information to the client.
Client:-
Client is a computer that asks for
information.

8. Positive aspects of Internet
in Society:-
The positive aspects of the internet in the society are
as follows:-
Globalization:-
Internet has converted this world into global village.
Peoples are connected using the internet. It provides
more opportunities of internet.
.Flow of Information:-
Internet contains information all types of topics.
People can search information any topic.
. Better under standing:-
Internet is a easy way of communication. They can
exchange their views. It has created under stand the
views and thinking of one another.

9. Comfort in Life:-
The use of internet provides many comforts.
People can perform their duties. Sells and buys
goods online. People can run the business using
the internet.
Knowledge:-
Internet is a source of huge information. People
can get information from websites. They can
interact with different peoples, scholars and
learned person to get knowledge.

11. Advantages of Internet:-
Some important advantages of internet are as follows:-
. Information Search:-
Internet contains information on all types of topics. people
can search information on any topic. Search engines are
used to search information on internet.
.E- Commerce:-
.E-commerce stands for electronic commerce.E-commerce is
a process of carrying and financial and transactions using the
internet. People can buy and sell goods on the internet.
.E-mail:-
E-mail is in expensive and fast way of communication.people
can communicate with one another in less time any part of
the internet.
.Fast Communication:-
Internet is a way of fast communication.people can
communicate with one another in less time any part of the
world.

12. Entertainment:-
Internet provides a lot of entertainment to the people. They can
play online games, listen songs, watch movies and live
matches. many websites provide entertainment material. people
can also download entertainment stuff.
Video Conferencing:-
people can used the internet for video conferencing. They can
talk with different topics by watching to one another.
Online Education;-
The process of getting education through internet is called
online education. Many websites provides tutorials and lectures
on different subjects and topics. It is is a faster and cheaper
ways of educating.
Search Engines:-
Search engine is a website that provides you the facility to find
the required websites on a particular topic. you can find
thousands of websites about any topic.
Job Search
Internet is used to search different types of jobs all over the
world. Many websites are provided information to the people
about job vacancies.

13. Research:-
Internet provides many facilities for research work.
It contains detailed information on different topics.
They can also interact with other researchers in the
world to share knowledge and get guidance from
them.
Government Authorities:-
Government can provide information about
services and facilities for the people.
News:-
Most newspaper have their websites. News and
interviews are provided on websites.
Medical:-
Many sites in the world provide detail information
on diseases. You can consult a panel of on- line

14. .Disadvantages of Internet:-
Some important disadvantages of internet as
follows:-
Hacking:-
Hacking is one of the most disadvantages of the
internet. The hackers access the data stored on the
computers. They can use this data illegally or even
destroy it.
.Immorality:-
Internet contains a large number of immoral websites.
These websites contain such material that is against
the moral values on the society. These websites are
damaging the character of young people.
.Security Problems:-
Internet has created many security problems.
Imported data can be hacked on internet. Hackers
can damage websites and delete contents. They also
retrieve critical data of different organizations and

15. Virsues:-
Internet is the most important source of spreading
computer virsues.People spread viruses using the
internet and e-mails.Many websites contain different
viruses that are copied to the computers when the
users download data from the websites.
Wastage Of Time
It can be a waste of someone's time because they
are not achieving anything. They aren't really getting
any benefit from it, especially in the long run. But it
depends on what you are doing, the internet can be a
great resource or a massive distraction.

16. History Of Internet

17. The work on internet was started in 1960’s during the
cool war of Russia and america.America wanted to
communicate with its armed forces. A network of four
computers was developed in the beginning for this
purpose.
ARPANET
Russia launched sputnik satellite and American
developed network known as ARPANET during the
cool war it was develope0d for[ Advance Research
Project Agency](ARPA) worked on project to send
information technology to armed forces at long
distances. Different organizations and universities
also involved in this research.

18. Paul Baren:-
In 1964 ,Paul Baran published a paper on Distributed
Communication Networks. It was a theoretical idea for
data
transfer. It includes the decentralization of
data storage ,digital packets and routes for
data transfer.
NCP Protocol:-
A protocol is a collection of rules.NCP
(Network control protocol) was developed in
1970s. It was the first standard protocol for
data transfer.

19. DARPA:-
Darpa stands for Defense Advanced Research
Project Agency. It was a new name of ARPA.Now 37
computers were connected together.DARPAs started
work to share data not only a single network but also
different networks. Standard research Institute took
part in this research.
TCPIP:-
A team of Standard Research Institute developed a
protocol called TCPIP. It stands for Transmission
Control protocolInternet protocol. I t was designed to
share and transfer data among different networks.

20. BITNET& CSNET:-
BITNET stands for Because it’s Time Network. and CSNET
stands for Computer science Network. These were established
for non- military persons.
CSNET
The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer
network that began operation in 1981 in the United States.] Its
purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer
science departments at academic and research institutions that
could not be directly connected to ARPANET due to funding or
authorization limitations. It played a significant role in spreading
awareness of, and access to, national networking and was a
major milestone on the path to development of the
global Internet .CSNET was funded by the National Science
Foundation for an initial three-year period from 1981 to 1984.

21. BITNET:-
BITNET is a network of academic sites comparable
to but separate from the
Internet. BITNET originated the utility known as the
list server and Internet users can get access
to BITNET list servers (or subscription lists). E-mail
can be exchanged between users on BITNET and
the Internet.

22. World Wide Network
 A global network is any communication network
which spans the entire Earth. The term, as used in
this article refers in a more restricted way to
bidirectional.
 Communication networks, and to technology-
based networks There were fewer than 400
million internet users worldwide. Since then, the
internet has gone from an American network to a
truly global one.

23. INTERNET

24. INTERNET:
The Internet (portmanteau of interconnected
network) is the global system of
interconnected computer networks that use
the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link
devices worldwide. It is a network of
networks that consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks
of local to global scope, linked by a broad array
of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries a vast range
of information resources and services, such as
the inter-linked hypertext documents
and applications of the World Wide Web
(WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file
sharing. Some publications no longer capitalize
"internet’’

26. Connection To The Internet:-
 The Users have many options for connecting to
the Internet
 Every Type of connection provide different data
transfer speed.
 The speed is measure in KBPS or MBPS
.Dialup is the least expensive Internet
connection .It is very slow With a download
speed of 56 KBPS.
 It is only use where high speed broad band
connections are not available.
 Most Type of connections today are broadband
or high speed connections.
 Some examples of Broadband Internet service
are cable,DSl,Fibre,Radiosignals and satellite.

27. Cable Internet
 Cable Internet Provides high speed Internet access
to the cable television network.
 It requires a cable modem and uses the same
wires to carry TV and Internet signals.
 Cable speeds Range from 1MBPs but typically are
8 MBPS to 50 MBPS.
 Cable Internet are Not widely available in rural
areas.

28. DSL:-
 DSL Stands For (Digital Subscriber Line)
 It requires dsl modem and provide high speed
Internet connections using regular telephone lines.
 The average speed of DSL is 1MBPS to 20 MBPS
 It is slower than cable but it is generally less
expensive a big problem with DSL is its distance
limitations.
 It requires DSL modem to be with in 3 miles from
DSL service provider.
 DSL signals deteriorate as the distance increases.

29. Satellite Pics

30. Satellite
 A satellite is an object in space that orbits or circles
around a bigger object. There are two kinds of
satellites: natural (such as the moon orbiting the
Earth) or artificial (such as the International Space
Station orbiting the Earth).
 Satellite Internet service provides high speed Internet
connections Via satellite to a satellite dish that
communicates with a satellite modem.
 It is most slower and expensive than cable or DSL
connection.
 It typically provides a data transfer speed up to 4
MBPS .
 Satellite signals can be slow or block by adverse
weather conditions such as rain and snow.
 That’s why it is less reliable than cable and DSL.

31. Mobile Wireless:-
 Mobile wireless - Computer Definition. Transmission
over the air from a base station to a moving cell phone,
tablet or laptop. The term may refer to voice only or
voice and data. Contrast with fixed wireless.
See mobile wireless modes, mobile broadband and
cellular data.
 Mobile Wireless Internet Access is most commonly use
with mobile devices It enables the user to connect the
internet cellular 3G and 4G network standards .
 The signals are transmitted by series of cellular towers.
 3G provide the data transfers rate of 3.8 MBPS or more
 4G mobile connection provide a speed of up to 100
MBPS.
 Some Networks Are so provide 4G LTE that delivers the
speed of 6 MBPS to 13 MBPS.

33. Costspackages:-
 The Cost for mobile wireless Internet access Very
widely.
 Some packages include an unlimited Internet
access but some charge by the number of minutes
of Internet uses.
 Some packages charge by the amount of data
transferred.

35. Fiber to the premises {FTPP}
 FTTP, also called Fiber to the Home (FTTH) is
a pure fiber-optic cable connection running
from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) directly
to the user's home or business. Fiber optic
cables are made of one or more optical fibers,
which are designed to carry light.
 FTTP IS THE FASTEST type of broad band
with top speed of 300 MBPS.
 It carry signals on fiber optic cable, fiber is
significantly is more expensive than DSL on
cable.
 It carries Internet TV and phone calls for home
and business over fiber optic cable.
 Fiber optic connection is available in limited
areas where the fiber optic cable has been

38. WI-FI Hotspot:-
 A Wi-Fi hotspot is simply an area with an
accessible wireless network. The term is most
often used to refer to wireless networks in public
areas like airports and coffee shops. Some are free
and some require fees for use, but in either case
they can be handy when you are on the go.
 Wi-Fi hotspot It is a site that offer Internet access to
the users through a wireless access point.
 The Wi-Fi hotspot available in many public places
such as air ports,, schools, hostels, libraries, and
restaurants,
 Some public WIFI Hotspots are free but some
charge per hour, per day , or on a subscriptions
basis.

39. Services of Internet
 Different Important Services of Internet are as follows
 World Wide Web (WWW)
 E-mail
 Mailing List
 News Group and Message Board
 Social Networking
 VoIP
 E-Commerce
 TELNET
 FTP
 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
 Instant Messaging ( IM)

40. World Wide Web (WWW)
 Stands for "World Wide Web." It is important to
know that this is not a synonym for the Internet.
The World Wide Web, or just "the Web," as
ordinary people call it, is a subset of the Internet.
The Web consists of pages that can be accessed
using a Web browser.
 It Was Launch in 1989 at the European Particle
Physics laboratory In Genvea.It provides the facility
to publish information on the Internet.
 It is the collection of documents on web pages
store on web servers connecting to Internet around
the World.

41. Uses Of WWW:-
The uses of WWW are as follows:-
 Advertisement
Manufacture use www to provide information of
products
 Shopping
It is possible to buy an item using WWW you can see
products and prices.
 Flight Information
It is used to provide a latest Information on flight
arrivals and departures.
 Television station
WWW is used to provide information about the
programs latest news and especial events.
 Celebrities
Important Celebrities can contact their fans provide
information about them and send their pictures

42. Government Authorities
 News
 Encyclopedia publisher
 Search Engines
 Medical
 Email:-
Email Stands For electronic Mail. Email is a
exchange of text, messages, and files through
Internet.
Messages Can be in the form of graphics, Sounds
, Video Clip or simple text.
It Is the fast way of delivery message any where in
the world in the short time.

43. Working Of Email
 An Email Programe is used to create , send ,and
receive emails it is also known as Email client.
 Email server is host computer on Internet that
send and receive emails.
 Email server receive the message and find out
the Email server where the Email is to be sent.
 It connects to the server and transmits a copy of
the message.

44. Email Attachment
 An Email Message can also contain attachment.
 Attachment is a process of sending files with Email
Message.
 Any type of file can be Attach to the emails like
documents, Audio Video, Spread Sheet etc.
Advantages and uses Of Email
 It Is Very Fast and timely
 It is very cheap and in expensive
 The user can send and receive Messages Any where In
the World .
 The User can share any information with different
people.
 It is possible to send and receive email Through mobile
phone
 Email give the facility to send pictures , sounds, and
Videos.

45. Limitations Of Email
 Lack Of privacy.
 Junk Email.
 Email cannot Express.
 Emotions properly.
 Possible Delay.
 Communication Problems.
 Spreading Of Virus.
Email Address.
 Every email account has a unique address.
 An email address usually as two parts.
 User ID.
 Identify Of Email Service.
 Example: My email@hotmail.com
 My Email is called user ID.
 The symbol @ is called “at” sign.

46. Mailing List:-
 A mailing list is a compilation of email addresses that
are used to send email to multiple users
simultaneously. Rather than individually sending an
email to each user, mailing lists send email to specific
user groups through a single email message.
 A mailing list is also known as an email list or electronic
mailing list.
 A mailing list is a group of Email addresses
 An Email send to a mailing list is received by every one
in a mailing list.
 The user can subscribe to mailing list to receive Emails.
 Listserv is popular software program to manage many
education mailing list.
 The news group members use a news reader for
discussions.
 Thousands of mailing lists exits on a variety of topics in
the areas, business, computers, society, culture, health,
recreation and education.

48. .Social Networking:-
 Social networking is the practice of expanding
the number of one's business and/or social
contacts by making connections through
individuals, often through social media sites
such
as Fac.ebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Google+
 Social networking is a way of building online
communities , the people use social networking
websites to inetract.
 Facebook
 It is a populat social networking site. The
professionals also use social networking sites
such as My Space and LinkedIn.

49. WEB Browser:-
 A web browser is a software program that allows a
user to locate, access, and display web pages. In
common usage, a web browser is usually
shortened to "browser."

50. Defination of web browser:-
 A Web Browser is a software that is use to view web pages.
 It acts as an interface b/w the user and the Internet It can
understand HTML.
 It can display text and graphics.
 The Browser are also Known as web clients or universal clients.
 A Browser Is Often Included in the operating system of a
computer on mobile device.
 Example Internet Explorer is included with window and Safari
with Mac OS.
 Some Popular Web Browser Are As Follows
 Mozilla Firefox
 Opera Mini
 Internet Explorer
 Safari
 Uc Browser
 Google Chrome

51. Mozilla FireFox
 Mozilla FireFox was Developed by Mozilla co-
operaoption for a computers Running windows
Mac OS, and Linux.
 Firefox is recognize for extensive array of plug-ins.
 This free general purpose browser was first
released in2004.
 It can be downloaded and installed from the
internet.
 It provides enhanced privacy and security
features,a spelling checker,tabbled browsing, and a
password manager.

52. .Internet Explorer:-
 Internet Explorer is a free browser from microsoft.
 It comes pre- installed with microsoft windows and
first released in 1955.
 It provides the capability to rearrange
tabs,protection against phishing and malware
settings delete the information about searched and
webpages visited.
 It is also avaiable for Mac OS and Linux etc.

53. .Safari:-
 Safari is a graphical web browser developed by Apple,
based on the WebKit engine. First released on desktop in
2003 with Mac OS X Panther, a mobile version has been
bundled with iOS devices since the iPhone's introduction in
2007. Safari is the default browser on Apple devices.
 It is also included with Macintosh computers and avaiable for
PCs.
 Safari is also avaiable on Apple iphones,and ipads.
 Itprovides sharing features with online social
networks,parental controls,and ease of use.

54. .Google Chrome:-
 Google Chrome (commonly known simply as Chrome) is a
cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was first
released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows, and was later ported
to Linux, macOS, iOS, and Android. The browser is also the
main component of Chrome OS, where it serves as the
platform for web apps.
 It is supported Web-based e-mail and similar online
applications.
 It includes a large number of security features and provide
tabbed browsing.

55. .Opera:-
 Opera is a Web browser that provides some advantages
over other browsers from Mozilla or Microsoft.
 Much smaller in size, Opera is known for being fast and
stable. Opera is available for a number of operating systems,
including BeOS, Symbian OS, Linux, Mac OS, OS/2, Solaris,
and Windows.
 Opera is a fast ,small and free web browser on both
computers and mobile devices.
 It can be downloaded and installad.
 It provides several features.