The objective of the slide sequence is both to familiarize auditorium with the relevant issues and approaches and to develop their analytical skills in this important field. To sum up, comprising a wide range of theories in the field of security studies (from the security dilemma, Cold War deterrence to the works of Copenhagen, Paris and Aberystwyth schools) is examined, a range of security risks and threats (from conventional war to asymmetric conflict and terrorism to the ‘new wars’) and referent objects of security (from state to human security) are presented.

1. International Security
Tiiu Pohl
2019

2. International Security
Secure, securus
= Free of attack, threat
= Being protected

3. International Security
In history “security” (English literature, Greek etc.):
 Ancient Greece
 Middle Ages
 Later – different understanding (USA 1796 and
elsewhere)

4. Old versions of security -
through war and peace
 1920-1930 not ... security term
 war-peace
 war-peace-disarmament (Winston Churchill
disarmament fable)
 Once upon a time all the animals in the Zoo decided that
they would disarm, and they arranged to have a
conference to arrange the matter … (Churchill, 1928)

5. Traditional versions of security - Cold war
 1945 – UN and Security Council
 UN – security organization

6. Traditional versions of security - Cold war
 1945 – James Forestall
 1947 – USA (National Security Act)
 National Security Council (by the act)
 National Security Advisor (further)

7. Traditional versions of security
Cold war
• State and security
• International system and security
• 1951: Security dilemma (arms race)
• 1960-s: Deterrence theory
 rational or irrational game?
 zero-sum game?
 win-win game?
 cooperation?

8. Traditional versions of security - Post-Cold war
Meaning of “security” in 1990’s – when wider?
• Jessica Matthews “Foreign Affairs” (1989) –
demography, environment etc.)?
• The Club of Rome?
• Ostpolitik?

9. Traditional versions of security - Post-Cold war
Meaning of “security” in 1990’s – confusion
• Lack of a new theory of IR (framework)
• “Endism” and “conflict (clash)” of civilizations
• Globalization of security (and problems)

10. Security
Problems of Globalization in 1990s
• “Security – a wide range of problems that worry
people in every possible field of activities”
• military, economics, demography, language,
mushrooms ....
• Up to absurdity ....

11. Security - 21st century
For further information about the slides, please contact
tiiupohl@gmail.com