International Digital Library Conference (IDLC 2014)

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Keynote Address
By Dato’ Sri Dr. Halim Shafie
(National Library Advisory Board, Malaysia)

Dato’ Sri Dr. Halim Shafie
Chairman
National Library Advisory Board, Malaysia
Dato’ Sri Dr. Halim Shafie (Halim) was born on 1st March 1949 in Kuala Ketil,, Kedah,
Malaysia. Having completed his primary education in his hometown, he continued his
secondary education at the Malay College, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia.
Halim obtained the Bachelor of Economics (Hons) degree from University of Malaya in
1972, followed by the Masters Degree in Economic Development (1980) from the
University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A in which he was also awarded the University Scholar
Award. In 1988 he obtained a Ph.D Information Transfer (1988) from Syracuse
University USA, where he was also awarded the Gaylord Brothers Scholarship Award.
In addition, Halim also completed professional courses in Systems Analysis and Design
at the National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN), Malaysia (1976), Management
Education at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India (1977) and Advanced
Management at Harvard Business School (2000). In the course of his duties, he lectured
and presented many papers at national and international forums covering areas such as
ICT policy, telecommunications policies, National Broadband Plan, Knowledge
management, renewable Energy, Water Services Industry.
Halim first started his career in the civil service at the Ministry of Education (1972 –
1975) followed by appointments at the National Institute of Public Administration

(INTAN) – 1976 – 1978, 1980 – 1983, Malaysian Administration Modernization and
Management Planning Unit (MAMPU) in the Prime Minister’s Department (1987 – 1994)
and INTAN (1994 – 1999).
He was then promoted to the position of Deputy Secretary General 1, Communications
and Multimedia Sector, and later as Secretary General, Ministry of Energy, Water and
Communications (2000 – 2006). Recognised for his contribution in the Communications
and Multimedia sector, upon retirement from the civil service, he was appointed as the
Chairman of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission from 3 April
2006 until 30 April 2009.
The number of years in the civil service earned him a number of civil service excellence
awards as well as awards from various state governments /Federal government. Apart
from holding positions in Telekom Malaysia (i.e. Chairman Telekom Malaysia Bhd.,
Chairman Universiti Telekom Sdn Bhd, Chairman GITN Sdn Bhd, Chairman Board of
Trustees, Yayasan Telekom Malaysia). He has been active in other organizations as
well. He currently holds office as Council Member of Malaysian National Computer
Confederation (MNCC), Patron of Management Science Operations Research Society of
Malaysia, Adjunct Professor of University Utara Malaysia, Chairman of National Library
of Malaysia Advisory Board and Board Member of MyClear Corporation, a subsidiary of
Bank Negara.
Among his contributions to the public service include:-
- Setting up INTAN National Computer Center (1982)
- Setting up of GITN which is a private data network for government (1994)
- Setting up of Management Technology Center, INTAN (1999)
- Formulating regulations under the Communication and Multimedia Act
(2000)
- Building power grid for Sabah in capacity as Chairman, Lembaga Letrik
Sabah (2000 – 2006)
- Started Schoolnet Project (2004) and other bridging digital divide programs
e.g. Pusat Internet Desa, Rural Library Internet, Cyberkids, Community
Broadband Libraries (CBL), and Community Broadband Centers.

- Formulation of Water Services Industry Act & Water Services Commission
Act (2006)
- SKMM Transformation (2007)
- Championed the Ubiquitous Library Pilot Project for the provision of
physical and digital information access, anytime, anywhere, through the U-Library
Consortium of six libraries (2008).
In the area of Broadband, Halim initiated the National Broadband Plan in 2004 when he
was the Secretary General of the Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia
under Minister Tan Sri Leo Moggie, with the programme Connecting the Communities.
This was continued in 2007, when he was Chairman of Communication & Multimedia
Commission, focusing on the High Speed Broadband and Broadband to the General
Population. The efforts, together with TM and the Ministry of Energy, Water &
Communication, led to the Agreement signed between the Government of Malaysia and
Telekom Malaysia Bhd in 2008. Halim is fortunate that as Chairman of TM, he saw
the launch of the HSBB by the Honorable Prime Minister in 2010, and the rolling out of
the Fiber to the Home (FTTH), meeting its target of 750,000 premises passed by end of
2010.
Currently as Board Chairman of Telekom Malaysia, he focuses on ethics and corporate
governance, TM new growth areas and innovation. At Multimedia University, he is
pushing for R&D in alignment with TM and TM R&D, with special interest in Digital
Home. At GITN, Halim and the Board is guiding the organization towards value added
services on the top of the IP Network infrastructure of TM. And at Yayasan TM, he is
very supportive of the Yayasan to Yayasan programs started by Yayasan University
Multimedia of which he is also a Trustee Member,

4/8/2014
1
KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY :
YBHG. DATO’ SRI DR. HALIM SHAFIE
CHAIRMAN
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MALAYSIA ADVISORY BOARD
AT
THE INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY CONFERENCE 2014 (IDLC 2014)
8 APRIL 2014
ROYALE CHULAN HOTEL, KUALA LUMPUR
Digital Libraries in Malaysia
Introduction
• Digital Environment in Malaysia that
supports Libraries to embrace the digital
technologies.
• Strategies needed for Libraries in Malaysia
to adopt digital technologies in a
transformative manner.
• New roles for libraries / librarians
leveraging on digital technologies‐ to
contribute towards knowledge based,
analytic and creative Malaysian society in
era of vision 2020.

4/8/2014
2
Digital Environment in The Country
• Digital environment stimulated by Multimedia Super Corridor
1998.
• Enabled by the communication and multimedia act 1998 that
promotes convergence of voice, data, TV services and industry.
• Supported by 10 Bills of Guarantee Administered by Multimedia
Development Corporation‐MDEC.
• 13 years (2000‐2013) to realize the convergance objective (IP
Voice, High speed internet, IPTV) through High Speed
Broadband.
• Mobile connectivity growth 20%‐140%.
Broadband 0‐60%
ICT Literacy rate more than 50%
• Digital inclusion (including internet access to 1000 rural libraries)
• Digital Malaysia Agenda
100% household broadband
e‐payment a norm
most federal government agencies offer services online.
ICT Adoption in Public Libraries
Malaysia
• Among early adopters – online cataloging, bibliographic
databases, OPAC, Library Management Systems.
• More than 1000 rural internet libraries (2002‐2010) under
Universal Service Provision (USP).
• Ubiquitous Library (U‐Library) or U‐Pustaka project to
unlock local content.
• Consortium of 8 Public Libraries‐ National Library, Selangor,
Federal Territory, Sabah, Sarawak, Negeri Sembilan,
Pahang, INTAN (Academic).
• Components: National Catalogue System, Library
Management System, U‐Pustaka Portal, Post Office
Network, E‐Payment System.

4/8/2014
3
Contd.
• Phase 1: Physical access. Phase 2: Digital Access.
• National Library to Play Central Agency Role to
undertake :
Local digital content program.
Establish National Library Network
 Initiate/promote cloud services for shared
content.
Provide framework for library services
transformation.
New Roles for Libraries/Librarians.
1. Create open, colorful, exciting environment for libraries.
2. Promote life long learning aligned to Life long Learning
Blueprint 2011‐2020.
• Libraries including rural libraries as focal points for life long
learning.
• Lifelong learning Center for training, research, promotion,
resource integration and coordination of life long activities.
3. Provision of Govt. Information/Data sets in the era of open
government.
• National Library/state libraries as repository of govt.
information.
• Facilitate 1 Malaysia One Contact Center (1MOCC) operation
through better information/records management.
• Makes available govt. big data sets.

4/8/2014
4
Conclusion
1. Need for Public Libraries in Malaysia to closely
aligned to progressive digital environment in
Malaysia.
2. Need for strategies to promote Library ICT : national
network for libraries, cloud services, Digitization
and Content sharing,
3. New roles: conduit for lifelong learning, support
open government and 1MOCC, provision of data
sets as service

Plenary I
GTP: Digital Technologies as a Catalyst
By Dr Fadhlullah Suhaimi Abdul Malek
(PEMANDU, Prime Minister’s Office)
Day 1: 8th April 2014

Dr Fadhlullah Suhaimi Abdul Malek
Director
NKEA CCI, Agriculture & NKRA Rural Development
PEMANDU, Prime Minister’s Office
Dr Fazul is currently the Director for NKEA Communication, Content and Infrastructure
(CCI), Agriculture and NKRA Rural Development. He joined PEMANDU in October
2010. A Public Health Specialist by training, prior to joining PEMANDU he was at TM
(Telekom Malaysia); with his last post being Chief Corporate and Regulatory Officer. He
spent more than 12 years in the telco sector in the field of strategy, regulatory, corporate
governance and product development with a focus on internet having key achievements
in the transformation of TM. He had served as a Board member in various companies
under TM and Khazanah Nasional Berhad both locally and internationally. A founding
member of the Malaysian Internet Exchange and Communication Multimedia Content
Forum (CMCF) and an alumnus of Malay College Kuala Kangsar, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, National University of Singapore, Leeds University UK and INSEAD France.

1
INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY
CONFERENCE 2014
GTP : Digital Technologies as a Catalyst
8 April 2014
By Dr Fadhlullah Suhaimi Abdul Malek
Director, NKEA CCI, Agriculture & NKRA Rural Development
PEMANDU
National Transformation Policy
TOWARDS VISION 2020
(People First, Performance Now)
Government
Transformation
Programme
Transformation
Programme
Political
1Malaysia
Economic
Transformation
Programme
10th & 11th Malaysia Plan

2
NEW ECONOMIC MODEL
Making Us A Rich Country
For Everyone & For A Long Time
HIGH‐INCOME
Target USD 15,000
GNI per capita by 2020
Enables all
communities to benefit
from the wealth of the
country
Meets present needs
without compromising
future generations
QUALITY
OF LIFE
Gross National
IncomGeN I(GNI)
USD523b
Per Capita USD15,000
6% GDP growth per annum
3.3 million
ADDITIONAL
JOBS
ETP’s TRUE NORTH
INVESTMENT
USD444b
92% Private
8% Public
73% DDIs
27% FDIs
FOCUS DRIVERS
TRANSFORMATIONAL 12 NKEAs • 131 EPPs • 60 BOs
ACTIONS
COMPETITIVENESS
ENABLERS
51 Policy Measures
6 SRIs & Natural Homes

3
COMPETITIVENESS FOCUS
“ENABLERS” to
ensure
competitiveness
6 SRIs
Strategic Reform Initiatives
“DRIVERS” to
ensure focus on
high-impact areas
12 NKEAs
+
7 NKRAs
National Key Economic Areas
National Key Result Areas
To become a
HIGH‐INCOME NATION,
We NEED:
Strategic
Direction
Labs
Open Days
GTP/ETP
Roadmaps
KPIs
Multiple Cabinet retreats to ascertain the
direction needed
Annual
Reports
Tell the rakyat what
we have delivered
IPR & AUP
Execution
1
Bottom-up, private-public
collaboration, on
details of what need to
be done
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Share lab output
with rakyat &
seek their
feedback
Commit to the rakyat
what we are going to
do
Setting KPIs for
the whole Cabinet
External
validations
on results
On-the-ground
implementation &
problem-solving
Radical &
Transformational
Approach

4
KPI
MET
2011
123%
2012
118%
30
DEC
2013
100%*
Overall NKEA RESULTS
Oil , Gas &
Energy
Healthcare Electrical &
Electronics
Education Communications
Content & Infra
Tourism
Greater
Kuala Lumpur
Financial
Services
Business
Services
Agriculture Wholesale &
Retail
Palm Oil &
Rubber
*Not final
2011 2013
110 PROJECTS
Investment
RM179.2b
GNI in 2020
RM129.5b
Jobs
313,741
47 PROJECTS
Investment
RM8.0b
GNI in 2020
RM7.4b
Jobs
29,373
2012
39 PROJECTS
Investment
RM32.1b
GNI in 2020
RM6.6b
Jobs
94,702
GNI
GROSS NATIONAL
INCOME
RM143.5b
INVESTMENT
RM219.3b
JOBS
437,816
Progress TO DATE

5
ETP is a
LIVING DOCUMENT
• BS: Islamic Finance
(combined with FS)
• CCI:1Msia Payment
(combined with FS)
• Agri: FDI in BioTech
- 3 EPPs
+ 25 EPPs
CCI (1)
Edu (4)
E&E (6)
OGE (1)
Health (7)
BS (1)
POR (4)
131
EPPs
153
EPPs
2010 1H 2013
BENCHMARKING

6
GNI Per Capita
ON THE RISE
2010 2011 2012
Source: Department of Statistics, BNM
2013
8,37
3
9,70
0
9,92
8
10,060
NKEA Share Of GNI
Gross National Income
NKEA Non‐NKEA
RM862.6b RM905.4b
255.7 284.4
RM949.3b
252.4
68.7%
73.4%
606.9 621.0 696.9
2011 2012 2013
(in RM billion)
70.5%
Source: Department of Statistics

7
1.3M NEW EMPLOYMENT
In NKEA Universe
4.67
Employment (million)
4.81 4.82
5.10
60.8% 60.8% 62.1% 62.7%
7.23 7.47 7.90 8.56
2010 2011 2012 YTD 2013
Source: Department of Statistics
25
20
15
10
5
0
Committed
Realised
84%
88%
2011 2012 2013
69%
13.98 11.44
9M 2013
14.2
16.64
12.99
20.5
STRONG REALISATION
Of ETP Investment

8
250
200
150
100
50
0
111.3
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: MIDA
148.9
137.0
104.9 105.6
154.6
167.8
216.5
538.9B
Approved Investment Post‐ETP
10MP ANNUAL
TARGET
RM148B
ETP LAUNCH
Target Actual NKEA share
In RM billion
2011 2012 2013
9.3%
86b
94b
140.2b
127.9b
161.1b
148.4b 9.6%
Source: Department of Statistics 2013
Actual investment figures are based on SNA 2008
after the rebasing exercise conducted in 2012
NKEA
SHARE
RM68.2b
NKEA
SHARE
RM85.7b
(72.6%)
(61.4%)
Private Investment
EXCEEDING TARGETS
8.6%

9
COMMUNICATIONS TODAY
Let’s talk about social
media… for a while…
…perhaps a long while
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDLU5Y8fmzk
What goes online, stays online! 18

10
A look at recent history – 10 years ago
Face book didn’t exist Twitter was a sound The Cloud was in the sky
4G was a parking place LinkedIn was a prison Applications were what you
19
sent to colleges
Thomas Friedman – NY Times Columnist
& Pulitzer Prize winning author What goes online, stays online!
Technology adoption rate
Source : Mckinsey Global Institute
The Social Economy: Unlocking Value and Productivity Through Social Technology

11
Now… social media galore
Social media landscape today
• Social media technologies or platform take on many different forms
• Mobile social media that runs on mobile devices is slightly different from traditional
social media as it incorporates new factors such as the current location of the user
(location‐sensitivity) or the time delay between sending and receiving messages(time‐sensitivity)
22

12
How do people access the content?
23
• 4 screen strategy – smart tv, computer, tablet, smartphone
Access Devices
• Devices are technology agnostic, using broadband & other transport technologies deliver
content
Wired technology
Wireless
technology
Satellite
technology
Period: March 2012
24
2011
56.4%
of Internet Users
in Malaysia are
MALE
DEMOGRAPHICS:
2012 GENDER/AGE
43.6%
of Internet Users
in Malaysia are
FEMALE

13
Challenge #1: Fixed Broadband and 3G/LTE options for
25
high speed access (easy access)
Fixed Broadband 3G/LTE
212mn
343mn
2011(e) 2014(f)
466mn
1bn
2011(e) 2014(f)
• Stability is best via fixed broadband
• Fixed broadband market continues to grow in Asia Pacific region despite of
the heavy penetration of 3G/LTE.
• MBB through dongles will touch 41mn in 2011 and reach around 100mn by
2014
Challenge #2: Mobile Platforms hitting the mass across
~ 380mn
26
smartphones and tablets
(information on the go)
Global Trends Asia Pacific Trends
~ 480mn
Netbook
PCs
Desktop
PCs
Tablets
Smartphones
2011 (e)
~ 150mn ~ 155mn
Netbook
PCs
Desktop
PCs
Tablets
Smartphones
2011 (e)
• Globally in Q4 2010, smartphone & tablet shipments exceeded desktop &
PC shipments
• In the Asia Pacific region, we expect the shift to happen by end of Q4 2011

14
Challenge #3: Platform play provides opportunity for reach
3 ecosystems are converging in the mobile computing ecosystem with diverse
approaches
Computing
Cycle
Mobile Cycle
1990s
Client-Server
Computing
2000s 2010s 2020s
Mobile
internet
Email/ Web Web 2.0
Cloud
Computing
2G Based
Comm
Fixed BB
Growth
Web
OS
2015
Customized
Tablets/phones
Apps
PC as
Entertainment/
Personalized
PC as
Workhorse
Laptops/Netbooks
Tablets
Smartphones
Digitization – Digital content
overtook analog content
Web 3.0 +
Aug Reality
Video overtook
static pages
Internet Cycle
Mobile
Cloud
Graph not to scale
Collision Phase Convergence Phase
Soft SIMs
Mobile devices
sold> Fixed devices
Challenge #3: Platform play ensure richness
Skype
(Acquired)
Youtube Xbox/PS3
Operator
alliance
Twitter ?
28
(why would you need to buy and build??)
Communication
Platforms
Entertainment
Platforms
Information Platforms
(monetized by ads)
Commerce Platforms
Apple’s platform Google platform
Facebook Inhouse?
??
Google
Akamai
Participation/SNS
Platforms Facebook
Experience Platforms
– OS + Web
Microsoft?
Visa PayPal
MS-Nokia? RIM (Acquired?)
Android
Itunes /app
store
NFC
enablement
NFC
enablement
Hulu ?
Google +
iOS

15
29
Challenge #4: Real use driven by enterprise
social networking (easy access to information; acceptable??)
Asia Pacific Enterprise Social Networking Software
Market
Challenges with Social Collaboration Adoption
Enterprise-grade solutions for
Social Collaboration emerging in
the market
Market adoption saw sharp
increase in 2012
Access to info beyond just
healthcare givers
Direct access into the system;
hence issue organization &
security
30
Challenge #5: “Internet of Things” as more
and more devices, equipment and gadgets
get connected (connected faster; any time any
where; NOW??)
The Home Network Mobility on steroids Internet of things
• 8-10 Devices per home
• Universal Remote
6 bn
• 5-6 Devices per individual
• Touch as the default input
mechanism
30 bn
• 500 per sq km
• Smart cities
44 bn
• Rapid commercialization of enabling technologies
• Demand for such services in select sectors driven by productivity requirements

16
The cloud value chain will disintegrate and consolidate later
Yr1 Yr7
31
Challenge #6: Cloud computing is set to
become mainstream. Platform‐as‐a‐service
(PaaS) next big thing (Willingness to share?)
Software
Reseller
Source: Frost & Sullivan
Current View (2010)
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Interim View (2011-12)
Device Presentation
Application
Management
Tenancy Managers
Platform
Brokers/Aggregators
Synchronization
Hosters/Infrastructure
End game
2-3 end
to end
cloud
players
Preferred
partnershi
ps of SPs
with
software (
retail
model)
Software
Reseller
Data is expected to increase dramatically over the next decade; Data from machine
communication is expected to exceed social media in the next half decade
32
Challenge #7: Big Data and Analytics will see
a boom (deduction on ICT??)
Contextual
Mining
Big
Data
Network
performan
ce &
Utilization
Sentiment
Analysis &
Text
Analytics
Security
Operations
Research
Industry
Specific
Solution
Growth Areas @ Analytics
 Queries,
 Reporting, analytics,
 Advance analytics,
 CRM analytics,
 Data warehouse generation
 Organization financial /
strategy analytics
 In-line and predictive analytics
 Move more towards cloud

17
Challenge #8: Enterprise communications be
more collaborative and increasingly move
towards the cloud (services???)
33
Rich
Communications
- Pervasive video
- Context & presence aware
Improving
Infrastructure
Collaborative
Communications
- Conferencing
Cloud
- Native and new
Increasing
Globalization
Consumerization
of IT
Declining Telecom
Costs
Shift from Capex
to Opex
Generation Y
workforce
34

18
Transformational:
Changing the ‘being’ by ‘doing’
THANK YOU

Digital Libraries for Social Empowerment
By Dr. Lee Chu Keong
(Nanyang Technological University)
Session I
Overview of National and International Digital Library Initiatives

Dr. Lee Chu Keong
Senior Lecturer
Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information
Nanyang Technological University
Chu Keong is currently a senior lecturer at the Division of Information Studies,
Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological
University of Singapore. Prior to this, he was a chemical engineer at McDermott
South East Asia. He has also held teaching positions at the Singapore and
Temasek Polytechnics. His current teaching assignments include graduate
courses in the MSc (Knowledge Management) and MSc (Information Studies)
programmes. He has conducted several knowledge management short courses
and his research areas are knowledge sharing, social network analysis and
scientometrics.

1
+
Digital Libraries for
Social Empowerment
Lee Chu Keong
+
Agenda
 Social Empowerment
 A Bunch of Concepts
 The Two Databases
 Future Work
 Conclusions

2
Social Empowerment: A
Definition
The process of enhancing the
capacity of individuals to make
choices and to transform those
choices into desired actions and
outcomes
What We Need To Do
Build individual and collective
assets, and improve the efficiency
and fairness of the organisational
and institutional context which
govern the use of these assets

3
The Situation Today
Many of the assets are
informational, many are, in fact,
digital. This is where digital
libraries can come in.
What Affects Social
Empowerment I
 A person’s level of social empowerment
and his ability to hold others to account, is
strongly influenced by:
 His wealth (such as land, housing,
livestock, savings), and
 Personal factors, e.g.,

4
What Affects Social
Empowerment II
 Human (such as good health and
education)
 Social (such as social belonging, a sense
of identity, leadership relations)
 Psychological (self-esteem, self-confidence,
the ability to imagine and
aspire to a better future)
End Result of Empowerment
 Empowered people have freedom of
choice and action
 This freedom, in turn, enables them to
better influence the course of their lives
and the decisions which affect them

5
The Best Way to Empower
People
EDUCATION
+
Which aspect of education?
The 3Rs (reading, writing,
and arithmetic)

6
+
Mathematics Requires …
PRACTICE
+
Requirements of Practice
 A ready supply of questions
 Motivation to work on the questions
 Solutions to the questions

7
+
Requirements of Practice
 A ready supply of questions
 Motivation to work on the questions
 Solutions to the questions
Potential digital library solutions to
requirements (1) and (3)
+
A Bunch of Concepts

8
+
Reigeluth and Nelson (1997)
 When teachers first gain access to
instructional materials, they often break the
materials down into their constituent parts
 They then reassemble these parts in ways
that support their individual instructional
goals
+

9
+
A Sledgehammer
+
 Supports the notion of small, reusable chunks of
instructional media
 Suggests that reusable instructional components,
may provide instructional benefits
 If instructors received instructional resources as
individual components, this initial step of
decomposition could be bypassed, potentially
increasing the speed and efficiency of
instructional development

10
+
Concept #1: Learning Objects
+
Concept #1: Learning Objects
 Any entity, digital or non-digital, that may
be used for learning, education or training
(IEEE)
 Any digital resource that can be reused to
support learning (Wiley)
 Any modular digital resource which has
been uniquely identified and metatagged,
that can be used to support learning
(National Learning Infrastructure Initiative)

11
+
Concept #2: Digital Library
“Organised collections of digital information.
They combine the structure and gathering of
information, which libraries and archives have
always done, with the digital representation that
computers have made possible.”
Lesk, 1997
+
Concept #3: Knowledge Sharing
“The process of exchanging knowledge (skills,
experience, understanding) among different
people.”
Tsui, 2006

12
+
Concept #4: Knowledge Reuse
Comprises the following activities:
 capturing or documenting knowledge
 packaging knowledge for reuse
 distributing or disseminating knowledge
 reusing it
Markus, 2001
+
Concept #5: Living Documents
“Documents that are continually edited and
updated.”
Wikipedia

13
+
A Bunch of Concepts
Learning Objects
Knowledge
Sharing
Knowledge
Reuse
Digital
Library
Living
Documents
+ motivations:
an interest to see these concepts at work in the real world
an interest to do something for students
+
Two Websites
 OpenlySolved
(http://www.OpenlySolved.org/)
 MATHEMATICS-DL
(http://www.MATHEMATICS-DL.org/)

14
+
To understand OpenlySolved.org
Let’s examine a textbook:
Calculus I, II and III
Jerrold Marsden & Alan Weinstein
(1980, 1st Ed.; 1985, 2nd Ed.)
Published by Springer
It’s a great textbook with two
problems
(#1) Solutions to questions are
“restricted”
(#2) It’s just a textbook

15
Problem #1
Preface
 Answers to odd-numbered exercises are available
in the back of the book
 Every other odd-numbered exercise (that is,
Exercise 1, 5, 9, 13, …) has a complete solution but
in the Student Guide
 Answers to even-numbered exercises are not
available to the student
What’s wrong?
 For the better students – nothing’s wrong
 For the weaker students, final answers are useless
– these students need the entire solution (from
beginning to end)
Weak, but well-to-do students – no problems –
seek additional help (attend “tuition classes”)
 Weak, but not well-to-do students – ???

16
Prosperous Singapore
Singapore – An Expensive City
 Singapore is one of most expensive cities in the
world – Singapore 42% more expensive than New
York – topping London, Frankfurt and Hong Kong
 Economist Intelligence Unit’s annual cost-of-living
survey
 2001 – 97th position
 2011 – 6th position; 2012 – 9th position; 2014 – 1st
position

17
Not-so-prosperous Singapore
 Tommy Koh (2010) – 70,000 students go to school
without pocket money
 Lee Hsien Loong (2011) – Comcare has helped
200,000 people over six years
 Singapore has the highest income inequality
compared to OECD countries (source)
HOW DO WE EMPOWER
THESE STUDENTS?
+
OpenlySolved
 Digital library of complete solutions to math
problems found in Singapore textbooks
 Living documents
 Better than one-line answers
 Facilitates knowledge sharing and reuse
 Has helped >20,000 less well-to-do students
in Singapore

18
+
OpenlySolved (con’t)
 Drawbacks:
 Benefits only students in Singapore
 Textbooks get revised (and solutions get outdated in the
process)
 Pointed out in conferences at Lampang and
Patna
 Source of drawbacks: dependence on
textbooks
To understand Mathematics-DL, we
have to understand Problem #2
 Jerrold Marsden has died – no revision beyond #2
 Academics, in general, have little interest in writing
textbooks
 Calculus I, II and III are dead
Good textbooks die
and are forgotten!

19
However …
Much of their content
remains relevant and
useful – locked up!
+
MATHEMATICS-DL
 Maths topics covered are pretty much the
same everywhere (I suspect)
 Removed textbooks
 Digital library of math problems and (in future)
solutions
 Facilitates knowledge sharing and reuse
 Platform: WordPress

20
+
MATHEMATICS-DL (con’t)
 LaTex (rendered by QuickLaTex.com)
 Topics and questions last a lot longer than
books
 Drawbacks:
 Source of questions?
+
Future Work
 Incorporation of metadata
 Organisation of questions
 Retrieval of questions
 Crowdsourcing of solutions
 Pushing of questions to users
 Introduction of gamification

21
+
A Possible Source of Questions
Exam papers
from schools
+
School Exam Papers in Singapore
http://exampaperssg.com/

23
+
Current Situation
 Those who can pay can get access
 Those who can’t, cannot
 Reliance on social networks
 Reinvention of the wheel
 For a start, questions from exam papers has
been a source of questions for
MATHEMATICS-DL
+
Another possible source: Old and
forgotten textbooks
 Announcement from John Holdren, the
director of the White House office of
science and technology policy (OSTP):
“Publications from taxpayer-funded
research should be made
free to read after a year’s delay.”

24
+
The Bill: FASTR
Fair Access to Science and
Technology Research
Similar bills have been introduced in
the UK and continental Europe
+
What about FASTR access to math
questions?
Would publishers be willing to
“release” questions after a period of
time (say 10 years)?

25
+
Concluding Thoughts (#1)
 Can the MATHEMATICS-DL concept be
applied to other subjects?
 Can there be:
 CHEMISTRY-DL?
 PHYSICS-DL?
 BIOLOGY-DL?
+
Concluding Thoughts (#2)
 Gamify the site for sustainability?

26
+
Conclusions
OpenlySolved and MATHEMATICS-DL are the
result of:
 Interaction
 Intersection
 Impatience
 Irreverence
+
Parting Thoughts
OpenlySolved and Mathematics-DL –
small idea, started in Singapore,
possibility of scaling the idea to
ASEAN? China? Worldwide?

27
+
Thank You
Lee Chu Keong (李主强)
http://www.ascklee.org/

Digital Libraries for Information Sharing for
Education and Training
By Dr. Vinod Chachra
(VTLS Inc)
Session I

Dr. Vinod Chachra
President and CEO
VTLS Inc.
Vinod Chachra, PhD, serves as President & CEO of VTLS Inc. in Blacksburg, VA.
VTLS provides ILS, Institutional Repositories and RFID solutions to libraries to more
than 2100 libraries in 43 countries.Vinod Chachra is an internationally recognized
lecturer and consultant in the field of information system planning. Chachra has been
active in the library profession for more than 30 years. Chachra was the chief consultant
for the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) and
OCLC. He served on the Board of Directors of many organizations including NISO
(National Information Standards Organization), CAUSE, EDD and RBTC. After earning
his Ph.D. in industrial engineering and operations research at Virginia Tech, Dr. Chachra
served that university in many capacities most recently as Vice President Computing
and Information Systems which included Computing, Software Development and
University Libraries. In 2012 Chachra was inducted as a founding member of the Virginia
Tech Faculty Entrepreneur Hall of Fame. In 2013 VTLS Inc. was inducted into the RBTC
Technology Hall of Fame. Chachra has written two books, a chapter in a third book, and
numerous journal articles.

1
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
International Digital Library Conference 2014
8 – 10 April 2014, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Digital Libraries for information sharing
for Education and Training
Dr. Vinod Chachra
President & CEO VTLS Inc.
8 April 2014
VTLS HQ in Blacksburg, VA, USA
After a hard winter
Spring is finally here

2
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Presentation Concepts
1. There is more to Digital Asset Management System than
just storing and rendering digital assets
2. Streaming Media (Video and Audio) will play an increasing
role in teaching and learning. Therefore it will be
important to libraries.
3. Linked data will be the essential facilitating technology for
future information access (digital and physical)
4. Mobile devices will be the preferred (if not the only) tool
for information access.
Presentation Outline
Part 1: Brief Introduction to VTLS
Part 2: VCOM TV (using streaming media)
Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine TV
Part 3: VITAL Digital Asset Management System Capabilities
Part 4: Linked Data
a. KCPL – Civil War Web Site using linked data
b. Bibframe, linked data and next generation catalogs
Part 5: Future -- Open Skies

3
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
VTLS is a leading global provider of visionary library software
solutions to over 2,200 libraries in 43 countries. There are
more than 70 libraries is Malaysia using VTLS software.
VTLS has vast experience in meeting the needs of public, academic
and national libraries as well as specialized information centers
around the world.
Currently six offices located strategically around the globe.
 All software development takes place in Blacksburg, VA.
 Regional Offices provide expertise in their geographic
5
areas.
Part 1: VTLS Today
VTLS Global Offices
VTLS, Inc.
(Blacksburg, VA)
VTLS Americas
(Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
VTLS Australia
(Melbourne, Australia)
VTLS India*
(New Delhi, India)
VTLS Europe S.L.
(Barcelona, Spain)
VTLS Malaysia
(Kuala Lumpur)
VTLS Culture
A culture of excellence drives VTLS’ success and unrivaled customer service has led to the
best customer retention rates in the industry.
 Being one of, if not the only ISO 9001 certified software companies within the
library technology industry has led to quality products with high customer
satisfaction and fewer complaints.
VTLS is positioned as a leading player in the global library automation software industry.
 VTLS has won significant contracts recently (e.g. the Hong Kong Public Library,
Queens Public Library and Library of Congress) against much larger companies.
VTLS’ business solutions and software engineering expertise wins business by tackling
6
complicated library problems.
Hong Kong Public Library Bibliotecha Alexandrina Bibliotecha Alexandrina

4
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
VTLS -- Long Term Partnerships
National Library of Malaysia celebrates their 25 year
partnership with VTLS. User since 1988.
7
Hong Kong Public Library
VTLS -- Long Term Partnerships
UPM celebrates their 25 year partnership with VTLS
in 2013. VTLS user since 1988.
8
Hong Kong Public Library

5
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Part 4: Linked Data
Part 1: VCOM TV -- Using Digital Libraries and
“Multi-channel, On-demand” Streaming Media
for Effective Teaching and Learning (VCOM TV)

6
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
About VCOM
The Edward Via College
of Osteopathic Medicine
in Blacksburg, Virginia is
a four-year osteopathic
medical school offering
the degree of Doctor of
Osteopathic Medicine
(D.O.).
The MISSION of the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine
(VCOM) is to prepare globally minded, community-focused physicians
for the rural and medically underserved areas of Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina and the Appalachian Region, and to improve
human health especially of those most in need.
Necessity is the Mother of Invention
 VCOM medical students were frequently on
rotation to hospitals and many were unable to
be on campus and attend the lectures
 VCOM needed a way to reach these students
without incurring tremendous costs in time and
money.
 What started out as a method for reaching
students on rotation has now turned into a very
effective teaching tool for faculty and learning
tool for all students, even those not on hospital
rotations. The program is called VCOM-TV.

7
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
The VCOMTV Solution
VCOM met this particular requirement by
 recording classroom lectures in rich media
format (dual stream video)
 synchronizing the lectures with presentation
slides,
 producing streaming video of the synchronized
content, and
 making these videos searchable and available
on-demand via the web.
VTLS provided the technology and service.
The Birth of VCOMTV
 The program started in 2010
 The Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)
in Blacksburg, Virginia, embarked on a program
(now called VCOM-TV) to create an effective
teaching and learning environment for their
students.
 the content increased from under 100 videos to over
6,000 videos within four years
 usage increased exponentially

8
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
An example of VCOMTV recording
Play-stop-volume Controls Navigation Controls
The Creation Process
 The creation process uses a multi-channel, video
recording system. Whereas the system supports
more than two channels – only two are used.
 One channel shows the faculty member and the
other shows a PowerPoint (or any other activity –
like lab experiments).
 These channels are automatically synchronized,
which allows students to "jump" around in the
content from either channel as needed. It lets
students navigate and review small portions of a
lecture (for exam preparation) from anywhere using
a standard browser.

9
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
The Creation Process
 In addition to being a consistent teaching tool, the
system is an effective learning tool.
 It lets students navigate and review small portions of
a lecture (for exam preparation) from anywhere using
a standard browser.
 Except for the lecture preparation itself (which the
faculty has to do anyway), the creation process is
simple and, after the first time, can be handled by
the faculty member without any outside help.
 An operator loads the data into the institutional
repository.
Creation Process – Recording Options
There are three options available for recording:
1. Live in the class room
2. Pre-recorded in a studio (controlled environment)
3. Pre-recorded using portable studio
This can be taken to a lab or an operation room
 The first two options can be self-service
 The third option requires operator assistance.
 VCOM does all its own recordings

10
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Creation Process - - Portable Studio
Components:
1. Back Drop
2. Light Source
3. First Channel: Camera
4. Second Channel: Laptop
5. Synchronizer & Recorder
All this will be packaged on a
single cart.
Back Drop
Light
Source
Camera
Power
Point
Recorder
This is a very simple layout of the
Components shown in the list.
Most recordings can be done by the instructor
Content Management
 The management Process is simple
 Once the recording is complete there is a possibility of
editing the content. This step is optional.
 Created content is loaded into the VITAL repository
and a metadata record created. This makes the
content immediately available to the users.
 Only the content (not the metadata) is loaded to the
cloud based streaming service provider.
 Google analytics are setup to monitor usage.
 The normal VITAL/Fedora backup-recovery-version
control features are invoked.

11
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
The Delivery Process
 The technology used to deliver the solution is
not complex.
 Users access VCOMTV repository
 Authenticate themselves
 Based on their authentication they are allowed to
see certain collections
 Search the repository and select the desired
content
 View and navigate content from a cloud-based
streaming system using their standard browser.

12
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
VCOMTV – VITAL & Cloud Based Streaming
The VTLS VITAL Architecture
Public Interface
Object Displays
Hi‐Res Image Navigator
Document Navigator
RSS Feeds
Citations Export (with QuikBib)
Statistics
Administrative Tool
Object Management
Reporting
QuickEdit XML
Access Control
Vocabulary Lists
Contribute Objects
VITAL SERVICES LAYER
Fedora
Fedora OAI Provider
VITAL Content Manager
Object Displays
Document Navigator
RSS Feeds
Statistics
Object Management
Reporting
QuickEdit XML
Access Control
Vocabulary Lists
Contribute Objects
Web Crawlers Exposure
AACCCCEESSSS PPOORRTTAALL
SRU
Ingest
Online submission tool
VALET
Index Services
SOLR/Lucene
THUMBNAILS
FULLTEXT
JHOVE
PREMIS
HANDLES ASSIGNMENT
METADATA
SYNCHRONIZATION
STATISTICS
VTLS OAI Provider
Batch Submission Tool
Cloud
Streaming
Services
Cloud
Streaming
Services
VTLS
Users
Streaming
Requests
Authentication
and
Search
Requests
For Example see VCOM-TV
Result : Tremendous Growth (1 of 4)

13
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co

14
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Part 4: Linked Data

15
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
What does VITAL do?
Provides Management Services
 Ingest – XML-encoded object submission
 Create – interactive object creation via API request
 Maintain – interactive object modification via API requests
 Validate – application of integrity rules to objects
 Identify – generate unique object identifiers
 Secure – authentication and access control
 Preserve – automatic content versioning and audit trail
 Export – XML-encoded object formats
Provides tools to simplify the workflows
VITAL Feature List – Discovery Portal
1. Robust searching and browsing functionality including browsing content
2. Support for facets to refine searches
3. Pre-defined search targets
4. Support for most popular and library highlighted content
5. Highlighted authors
6. Integrated RSS feed
7. Hi-Resolution Image Navigation Configurable displays for search results
8. Page Turning Interface
9. Enhanced displays for EAD, DC and MARC metadata
10. Handles Server is integrated for support of persistent identifiers
11. Google Indexing and Exposure to other Harvesters
12. SRU Interface for exposure of repository content
13. Support for Content Models
14. Language support & UNICODE compliance
15. OpenURL Support
16. Citation Export
17. Relationship Browser
18. Support for thumbnail display
19. Support for viewing content in external applications
20. Fully customizable interface design

16
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
VITAL Feature List continued
1. Support for PREMIS preservation metadata
2. XML Validation
3. Metadata Synchronization
4. Automatic Authority Control
5. Administrative Reporting including Access and Usage
Statistics
6. Consortia Support
7. Automated verification of linked resources
8. User Activity Logging Global Diagnostics Page
9. Repository Indexing and custom indexes to enhance
resource discovery
10. Annotation of page content
11.User Authentication via LDAP and Shibboleth
Content Creation and Modification Features
1. Support for any content type in its native format
2. Relationships Management
3. Previewing content directly from VITAL Viewing, Editing and
Saving content directly from VITAL
4. Editing XML content in your preferred interface
5. QuickEdit XML
6. Tracking content changes through versioning
7. Automated capture of technical metadata for preservation
purposes
8. Automated text capture for full-text searching
9. Automatic validation of content via JHOVE
10. Support for PREMIS preservation metadata

17
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Batch Ingest Utility
1. Flexible definition of ingest source targets
2. File extension and filename filtering
3. Ingest content interpreted/derived from a source target
4. Ingest output from executable program
5. Metadata mapping
Auto Loading & Electronic Submission Tool
1. Templates for electronic theses and dissertations
2. Other templates for various content types
3. Configurable workflows
4. Configurable, staged content aggregation
5. Automatic metadata transformation for any XML schema
6. Automatic assignment of Handles (persistent identifiers)
7. Automatically extract full-text for PDF content
8. Pop-up Help windows

18
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
The VTLS VITAL Architecture using Fedora
Fedora
Fedora OAI Provider
Public Interface
Object Displays
Document Navigator
RSS Feeds
Statistics
Administrative Tool
Object Management
Reporting
QuickEdit XML
Access Control
Vocabulary Lists
Contribute Objects
ACCESS PORTAL
SRU
Ingest
VALET
Index Services
SOLR/Lucene
THUMBNAILS
FULLTEXT
JHOVE
PREMIS
METADATA
SYNCHRONIZATION
STATISTICS
VTLS OAI Provider
VCOMTV – VITAL & Cloud Based Streaming
The VTLS VITAL Architecture
Public Interface
Object Displays
Document Navigator
RSS Feeds
Statistics
Administrative Tool
Object Management
Reporting
QuickEdit XML
Access Control
Vocabulary Lists
Contribute Objects
Fedora
Fedora OAI Provider
Object Displays
Document Navigator
RSS Feeds
Statistics
Object Management
Reporting
QuickEdit XML
Access Control
Vocabulary Lists
Contribute Objects
AACCCCEESSSS PPOORRTTAALL
SRU
Ingest
VALET
Index Services
SOLR/Lucene
THUMBNAILS
FULLTEXT
JHOVE
PREMIS
METADATA
SYNCHRONIZATION
STATISTICS
VTLS OAI Provider
Cloud
Streaming
Services
Cloud
Streaming
Services
VTLS
Users
Streaming
Requests
Authentication
and
Search
Requests
For Example see VCOM-TV

19
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Summary - VTLS VITAL Media Solution
 The VTLS VITAL Media solution developed for this project is based
on Fedora™ and VITAL. Fedora is an open source institutional
repository. VITAL is an enhanced version of Fedora with a variety of
workflows and system management capabilities.
 VCOM’s VITAL repository is used to store the content in small
collections and provide discovery and authentication tools.
 When students log on, they are authenticated as first-year, second-year,
or third-year medical students and gain access to the
appropriate sets of videos.
 The solution supports searching and discovery by means of topic,
date, instructor, and many other user-defined facets.
 The videos are delivered on-demand using the VITAL Media Cloud
option.
 Content can also be delivered using local streaming media resources.
Part 4: Linked Data
a. Bibframe, linked data and next generation catalogs
b. KCPL – Civil War Web Site using linked data

20
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
BibFrame Model - Work and Instance
http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/pdf/marcld-report-11-21-2012.pdf
BibFrame -- Annotation Framework

21
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
BibFrame Model extends the vision
The Bibframe model
allows linked content on the web
to
seamlessly become a part of
the available data package for the user
How do you navigate this linked data?

22
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
How do you navigate this linked data?
Answer: You break it up into parts – see next slide
BibFrame View
BibFrame Work
44
Instances
Annotation
Authorities

23
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Viewing an “instance” record
Viewing another “instance”

24
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Annotation Body – Reading Group Guide
Navigation in Visual Browser
Demonstration of Link Data Navigation
In a Library Catalog
http://Cheetah.vtls.com:9977

25
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Linked Data Visualization
Navigation in Visual Browser

26
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Example – KCPL Home Page
Example – KCPL maps

27
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Example – KCPL Timelines
Example – KCPL Pictures

28
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Example – KCPL Relationship Browser
Showing relationships for
James Henry
with
People
Events
Groups
Locations
Link Data Navigation (KCPL)
Set has 3 pages; Pages 1 and 2 are shown; navigation buttons in red

29
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
The Relationship Browser
When viewing many of the documents in the digital collection, you will see
a relationship graphic beneath the item information. This links to an
innovative feature that facilitates effortless exploration of the
thousands of documents that are digitized on the site.
The relationship browser allows you to view connections among people,
places, groups, and events – connections that are proven by the
various documents in our collection and that reveal how people were
acquainted, where they lived and fought, their political and military
adversaries, and what they accomplished during the border war
period.
To change your perspective and reveal other connections, simply click on
any of the hexagonal nodes in the relationship browser:
From KCPL Civil War Web Site developed by VTLS
58
Change of perspective

30
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Part 4: Linked Data
Linked Data – Not Just What We Know,
but How We Know it to be True
Heather Myers, Gemma Ros
Director, Portals and Platforms Development, Manager of Operations

31
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
What is Open Skies?
 Open Skies is a new platform which unifies the management,
storage and delivery of print and electronic content, streaming
media, internal and external content and more.
 Three key trends driving Open Skies initiative:
– Rapid transitions in libraries from print to electronic media.
– Increasing use of streaming services for education and training.
– Phenomenal growth and sophistication of mobile devices.
 Four separate goals being targeted to help users:
– Present a single system image to the user.
– Present a single user interface for all access.
– Create a plug-and-play environment to allow for simple or complex work flows and the
integration of different software or service solutions.
– Provide a unique navigation and visualization tool
61
Open Skies Layer 1
Diagram shows a single user access point for all information
including external and internal information and licensed and free
data
62

32
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Open Skies Layer 2
Layer 2 is the services layer which interacts with each of the elements in layer 1
s new services are added, they become immediately available to all information ty
63
Open Skies Layer 3
The storage and data layer allows data to be stored on single and
multiple machines and at one or more locations distributed around
the globe
64

33
VTLS Inc.
www.vtls.co
Open Skies Architecture
Open Skies – Single User Access
65
Conclusions and Thanks

The Development of Digital Library in Korea
By Dr. Lim Wonsun
(National Library of Korea)
Session I

Dr Lim Wonsun
Executive Director
National Library of Korea
Dr. Wonsun Lim is Executive Director of the National Library of Korea, appointed in April
2013. He received his M.A. in Public Administration from Soongsil University and his B.A
in Seoul National University. He received M.I.P. and Ph. D. in Copyright Law from
Franklin Pierce Law Center and Dongguk University and worked as a consultant at the
World Intellectual Property Organization. Since 1987, he has built his career in the
copyright field as a public official, serving as a Director and Director General of
Copyright Policy Bureau, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Currently, as a
head of the National Library of Korea, he has put his efforts into making use of
copyrighted works more effectively. He is the author of Copyright Law for Practitioners.

The Development of Digital Library
in Korea
April 8, 2014
Lim, Wonsun
Chief Executive, The National Library of Korea

CONTENT
1. Construction of Digital Library
2. Digitization of the Collections
3. Collection of the Born-digital Content
4. Policy Information Service for the Administration

1. Construction of Digital Library
Integrated online & offline service
Information Commons Dibrary Portal
• Physical space
• Providing digital information
access space to the public
• Virtual space
• providing high quality
information anytime anywhere
<Legal basis>
Digitization and sharing of the preserved material : Copyright Act (Art.
31, 2003)
Online Data Collection : Library Act (Art. 20bis), Copyright Act (Art. 31,
2009)
Digital Library
of Korea
Digitization of
material and online
data collection

1. Construction of digital library
The Digital Library with the nature,
human, information
Trademark
D.to, U.to, N.to
Name
Dibrary =
Digital + Library
• Collecting, organizing, preserving and
providing access to digital resources
• Building Dibrary portal as a gateway of
domestic and overseas digital information
Progress
 Basic Plan for DL established in 2002
 Construction of the DL initiated in 2005
 Built detailed plan for operation in 2006
 Dibrary portal system established in 2008
 Dibrary opened in May 2009

1.1. Facility
Floor Zone
B3 Floor Service Zone
(accessible without library ID card)
B2 Floor Service Zone
(accessible with library ID card)
B1 Floor Connection Bridge to Main
Building
B2
B3
B1
Floor Plan

1.1. Facility
B3 Digital Display Board

1.1. Facility
B2 Main Searching Room

1.1. Facility
B2 Media Center

1.1. Facility
B2 Global Lounge

Digitization of the Collections and Making Them Available Online
Copyright Act allows libraries to digitize their collection
- In case of materials commercially published, they can be digitized after 5 years
passed from their publication
- They can be transmitted to other libraries for browsing or printing, but against
some compensation to the right holders.
The Library digitized 444,004 books (124 million pages), 18.5% of all books
selected to be digitized (2.4 million books), as of Dec. 31, 2013.
Materials to be Digitized
Rare and old books
Unique materials of the Library
Materials with academic and informative values
Materials necessary for long-term preservation
Materials that the principal users have interests
Materials that draw public attention

Service of the Digitized Materials
Providing service through the Library homepage (www.nl.go.kr) and Dibrary
Portal (www.dibrary.net)
290,000 copyrighted materials out of 440,000 items are available through the
designated PCs of the 1,598 libraries which have an agreement with the Korea
Reproduction and Transmission Rights Association, the local umbrella collecting
society for this field
Other 150,000 materials in public domain are available to the public freely
Compensation for the Copyright Holders
The Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism announces the fee schedule for the
browsing and printing of the digitized copyrighted materials
Fee schedule for the year of 2014
Category Print Transmission
Books, Periodicals
For sale 0.6 cents/page 2.5 cents/file
Not for sale 0.3 cents/page Free

Collective Service of the Digitized Materials
The National Library of Korea provides materials digitized by other major
institutions in Korea through integrated search services
At present a total of 9 institutions below are participating
- The National Library of Korea
- National Assembly Library: Academic thesis and dissertations(568,000, mainly
published before late 1990s)
- Supreme Court Library: Cases (74,000)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Library: Academic thesis, reports
and research papers(75,662)
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information: Research works, patents and
others(1,993,111)
- Korea Education & Research Information Service: Academic thesis ( 1,167,000 )
- Agricultural Science Library: Agricultural thesis, RDA repots(147,000)
- Digital Library of the Korea National Defense University: Military books, journals(4,000)
- National Knowledge Portal : Government’s open data

3. Collection of the Born-digital Content
Basic Approach
Collect all materials have a significance to the Country
In case that some other institutions, such as broadcasting organizations and
film archives, have a capacity to preserve and make materials available to the
public, just help them
Provide integrated search services for the third party materials through data
linkage
For some commercial database services, provide a dark archive scheme to be
prepared for the worst
Collection of the Born-Digital Resources
Collection of open-online materials (Web resources)
Collection of online materials published for sale (e-book and e-journals)
Collection of Digital resources used for publication
- Government and other public entities : mandatory deposit (Library Act
revision pending)
- Private publishers : voluntary deposit for dark archiving

3.1. Collection of the Open-online Materials
Legal Basis
Library Act (Article 20bis, collection of online data) and Copyright Act (Article
31, reproduction etc in the libraries) were enacted in 2009
The National Library of Korea has a duty for collection and preservation of
online data with significance for preservation among online content available
in Korea with no liability of copyright infringement
The Library Data Deliberation Committee reviews what websites or web data
to be collected
Collection of the Open-online Materials
OASIS (Online Archiving & Searching Internet Sources) project(2005~ Present)
Purpose : Collection · Preservation of valuable internet data on a national level
Target : Online materials including serials, white papers, statistics, research
reports published by the governmental institutions as well as major websites of
the Country
Collection : 634,807 data (about 32 TB) as of Dec. 31, 2013

3.2. Collection of Online Data for Sale
Collection of Online Materials for Sale
Target : online materials for sale, such as e-books, e-journals
Selection of materials : recommendation by the data selection committee
consisting of experts of each sector
Compensation : market price
Collections ( local) : about 1.63m as of Dec. 31, 2013
- e-books : (58,930 books out of 119,000)
- e-journal articles : (1,560,039 articles out of 3,300,000)
From Selective Collection to Comprehensive Collection
Some online materials for sale, such as e-books, e-journals which used to be
published in tangible form need to be collected comprehensively
Mandatory deposit for these kinds of materials is needed (Library Act revision
pending)

3.3. Collection of the Online Materials
Collection of Online Data : 2,357,687 ( As of Dec.31, 2013 )
E-book : 58,930
Web data :
634,807
E-Journal : 1,560,039
Image : 100,347
Video : 1,564
Audio : 2,000
Open online data : 634,807
Online data for sale : 1,722,880

3.4. Collection of Digital Resources for Publication
Digital Resources of Government and Other Public Entities
In case that government and other public entities publishes materials only in
off-line format, public access to those materials would be constrained
Copyright Act was revised to withhold the protection from all government
works unless they are registered to be protected (enacting scheduled in July 1,
2014)
Mandatory deposit for the digital resources made for publication is needed
(Library Act revision pending)
- just making them available online is enough to abide by the deposit obligation
Digital Resources of Private Publishers
These kinds of materials cannot be the objects of mandatory deposit in Korea
The Library provides voluntary deposit scheme for dark archiving to private
publishers that need preservation facilities
- preservation in a secured, non-connected server for future uses, such as e-book
publishing

4. Policy Information Service for the Administration
Push-mailing the content list of the newest edition of academic journals
When a new edition of academic journals that a public official previously
designated is published, the Library e-mails its content list to him/her
automatically
To get the article he/she wants, the public official just needs to click
If the journal is not within the license pool of the Library, it would be sent to
him/her by the government mailing system with no fee
For this service, the Library is now providing 15,000 titles of journals published
domestic or abroad
Single integrated search for all database services licensed by the Library are
also available
Government-wide License of Local Database Services
5 major database services provides around 5,000 titles of journals
The Library is negotiating with these services for a government-wide license for
the administration

Plenary II
Digital Malaysia
By Ng Wan Peng
(Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC),
Malaysia)

Ng Wan Peng
Chief Operating Officer
Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC)
Malaysia
Ms Ng Wan Peng is the Chief Operating Officer of Multimedia Development Corporation
(MDeC). Her areas of responsibility include Corporate Governance, Information
Intelligence & Analytics and Corporate Performance. Under her care are the different
operational divisions, i.e. Industry Developments, specifically the Creative Multimedia,
Infotech, Shared Services & Outsourcing Clusters, Critical Enablers including Talent,
Innovation Capital as well as Digital Enablement, Corporate Services, Customer Service,
Corporate Affairs and Stakeholder Engagement. She also oversees the Digital Malaysia
implementation as part of MDeC’s new mandate moving forward. She has more than 20
years’ experience in the ICT field. She has extensive experience in managing large-scale
projects, in the areas of Strategic IT Planning, Project Management, Systems
Integration, and Methodologies Development. Ms Ng has consulted for both private and
public sector organizations in IT policy and project implementation in government,
defense and education sectors in Malaysia and abroad.

4/8/2014
1
MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN ONLINE DIGITAL RESOURCES
Ng Wan Peng, COO,
Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC)
1
INTERNET’S IMPACT ON MALAYSIA & THE
2
5.0b
2020
Globally…
(Population: 7 billion, 2012)
Internet users 1.9b
9.0b
2020
2010
Mobile phones 5.3b
2010
1 billion monthly active users
(Sept 2012)
>1 billion tweets sent every 3 days
(Mar 2012)
In Malaysia…
(Population: ~29 million, 2012)
US$25b
Registered 2012
internet users
63%
2013
Smartphone
penetration
Ecommerce
spend, B2B
& B2C
19.2m
2012
6.8b
2012
2.4b
2012
WORLD

4/8/2014
2
GETTING ONBOARD THE DIGITAL
ECONOMY…
3
Global Digital Economy Trends
1. Total Worldwide ICT Spending is expected
to grow 4.6% to US$5.4 trillion in 2020
2. Global eCommerce revenues will hit
US$44.2 trillion by 2020
3. Between 2009 and 2012, revenue from
online interactive games is estimated to go
up by 67%, mostly from the sale of virtual
goods
“All one needs is a computer, a network
connection, and a bright spark of initiative
and creativity to join the economy”
Don Tapscott & Anthony D. Williams, Wikinomics
Source:
1. Digital Planet, WITSA, 2010
2. The Internet Economy: 25 years after .com, ITIF March 2010,
3. Virtual Goods in Social Networking and Online Gaming, In-Stat, November 2010
THE MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE
4

4/8/2014
3
MALAYSIA’S DIGITAL ECONOMY – WHERE IT
13% 32%
5
Note: 2010 ICT Contribution:
RM103.3B; 2010 Malaysian GDP:
RM794.6B
Source: DOSM ICTSA 2012
(Preliminary)
RM
214.3B
ICT
ECONOMICS
ICT
EXPORTS
ICT
SHARE OF GDP
DOMESTIC
OUTPUT
Average
Margins
GROSS VALUE
ADDED
RM313.7B
RM100B
762,800
ICT EMPLOYMENT
IS TODAY
MALAYSIA’S DIGITAL ECONOMY IS
GROWING…
 Malaysia’s Digital Economy is expected to
6
contribute RM294 billion of GNI in 2020
 ICT spending in Malaysia totaled
RM54 billion in 2012 and is expected to
increase to RM67 billion in 2016
 eCommerce spending in Malaysia is expected to
increase 7.1 % CAGR to reach a total of
RM87.6 billion in 2016
*Figures: USD1 = RM3
Sources:
1. IDC ICT Spending 2012
2. IDC New Media Market Model 2012
Local digital economy trends

4/8/2014
4
& IT’S IMPACTING THE NATION IN KEY
7
 Malaysia’s Digital Economy has direct
impact on the overall economy of the
nation and has multiplying effect
 Key aggregated components identified
are:
 ICT contribution to GDP/GNI
 e-Commerce
 ICT impact on productivity
 ICT impact on standard of living
 ICT investment and adoption that
contributes to national
competitiveness
AREAS
OVERALL ICT MULTIPLIER EFFECT
CITIZENS STANDARD
OF LIVING
(from an income perspective)
>2.0X Average Gross Wages
of ICT Employee
compared to National
Average
NATIONAL
Competitiveness
16th/ 59
IMD World Competitiveness
Yearbook
28th/ 138
WEF Global IT Report
8
2.0
1.0
ICT SECTOR NATIONAL
214.3B
170.9B
RM
RM
RM 43.4B
EXPORTS IMPORTS
EXPORTS AND
IMPORTS OF ICT
Source: DOSM ICTSA 2012 (Preliminary)
IMD 2012 World Competitiveness Yearbook
WEF 2011 Global IT Report
BUSINESS
PRODUCTIVITY: AVG
GVA/EMPLOYEE

4/8/2014
5
MALAYSIA’S DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
“We will build an ecosystem
that promotes the pervasive
use of ICT in all aspects of
the economy to create
communities connected
globally & interacting in real-time”
YAB Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak
Prime Minister of Malaysia
at the Global Science & Innovation Advisory Council
in New York, USA on 17th May, 2011
9
A holistic progamme that
leverages on past and present
initiatives to build a
Vibrant Digital Economy for
Malaysia
DIGITAL MALAYSIA DESIRED OUTCOMES
1. Malaysia Stats : RM10 K Plan, EPU
2. Figure denotes contribution to GNI in 2020 and it includes e-Commerce & ICT
10
Malaysia
2010
ICT contribution to GDP (2010)1 10.5%
Digital economy rankings 2010
Economist Intelligence Unit
(Rank out of 70 nations)
#36
IMD World competitiveness
scoreboard 2011
(Rank out of 59 nations)
#16
Malaysia 2020
17%
Top 20
Top 10
Measures of Outcomes

4/8/2014
6
A KEY ENABLER IN BECOMING A DIGITAL ECONOMY IS THE
11
DIGITAL EDUCATION
Enables New Learning Opportunities Beyond Those Of
Traditional Methods
Problem focused rather than theory focused
Suited for learners requiring personalized care
Access to any course from any location at any time
Reduced cost
Personalized curriculum
Seamlessly transition between education levels
Learner sets the pace
12

4/8/2014
7
DIGITAL EDUCATION IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE
GROWING, ESPECIALLY IN MALAYSIA
13
e‐Learning expected to continue
growing fast...
4
W. Europe
10
17
19
E. Europe
29
"Worldwide market for Self‐paced eLearning
products and services reached USD32.1
billion in 2010... five‐year compound annual
growth rate is 9.2% and revenues will grow
to USD49.9 billion by 2015."
– Ambient Insight LLC
... especially in Malaysia
20
24
Columbia
25
Brazil
26
Poland
38
Malaysia
51
57
"Malaysia in the top 3 countries for growth
rate for demand of self paced eLearning
2010 ‐2015 at 40% growth"
‐ Ambient Insight, LLC
2010–15 eLearning growth rates by region (%)
30
20
10
0
N. America
7
Middle
East
Africa
Latin
America
22
Asia
40
2010–15 self paced eLearning growth rates for top 10 countries (%)
60
40
20
0
Ukraine
21
Indonesia
Czech
Republic
27
Romania
42
China
India
80
ON-DEMAND, CUSTOMISED ONLINE
EDUCATION
14
Help students and
professionals enroll, learn,
access rich media content
and take examinations for
professional certifications
from different institutions
based on their lifestyle and
budget.

4/8/2014
8
ODCOE USES THE LATEST SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND
INNOVATIVE PLATFORMS TO COMMUNICATE AND LEARN
15
Fun Learning
Psychometrics
Tests
Professional
Courses &
Certification
Self Paced &
Convenient
Vast Variety of
Books &
Magazines
Gain Life
Skills & Soft
Skills
THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MALAYSIA IS A
STRATEGIC PARTNER IN ODCOE
16
Promoting affordable reading and increasing
national readership via ICT as well
promoting self-learning and discovery of
knowledge via ICT.
Progress to-date
• More than 15,000 users
• The National Library of Malaysia gave access to
digitize some of its resources and offer it via CELEX
• 14,400 magazines downloaded since Aug 2013
• Features 2,500 book titles & 70 magazine titles
• 313 e-Learning courses purchased
A one-stop center for academic and
lifestyle learning with crowd sourced
content which compliments Massive
Open Inline Course (MOOC).
Progress to-date
• More than 20 channels with 300+ content
including University Programs, Professional
Courses and Career Development Resources
• Book Channel, among others, offers access
to content from The National Library of Malaysia
and six other local libraries via U-Pustaka.
• Already made traction in India & Uganda

4/8/2014
9
Melissa a/p Dauglas
Student
Uses Celex e-Library to
borrow digital books from
the National Library
17
Testimonials from
ODCOE users
CELEX
Just lost 13 kg.
Downloads Men’s Fitness
magazine from Celex to
keep up to date on health
issues.
Annie John
Deputy Principal, CBC Learning
Centre
Uses Celex Brainpop, which
contains interactive videos, quizzes
and topical games, to teach her
class of home-schoolers.
Promoting affordable
reading and increasing
national readership via
ICT.
Promoting self-learning
and discovery of
knowledge via ICT.
Liew Jenn Lim
Student
Nor Asmah Mohd Noor
Senior Manager
Downloads Business Traveler
magazine when on the road.
18
Testimonials from
ODCOE users
MyMobileUni.com Nur Deehan Irish Amanda
Chief Executive Officer at PERSADA
EUREKA SDN. BHD
Finds it to be equivalent
to sitting in an actual
class with the addition to
having a very useful
online forum.
Behrang Parhizkar
Lecturer at Nottingham University
Malaysia
Helps with both his technical and
soft skill development, while being
super-convenient. Has radically
changed his the learning
experience!
John Raaj
Special Officer to CEO, LTT Global
Gained confidence in
developing websites and
finds it a fun place to
learn.
Daniel Ng Chun Yik
Co-Founder at Venture Sense (Youth
Entrepreneur and Student at HELP
University)
Feels it a noble cause to marry
technology and innovation to
provide free education to the
general masses.
A one-stop center for
academic and lifestyle
learning with crowd
sourced content which
compliments MOOC

4/8/2014
10
LESSONS LEARNT
Traditional Publishing Houses’ Mindset Change
Pre-ODCOE
19
Hesitant to migrate to
online publishing platforms
Unsure of the business
model
Impacted availability of
content for digitisation
Post-ODCOE
Clear potential of e-publishing
seen
Actively pursuing it
Spurs the market potential
for e-publishing
LESSONS LEARNT
Awareness Required To Encourage Mass Uptake
Current growth is purely organic
Small players have limited reach and budget
Awareness needs to be created at all levels of users
Mindset change also required
20

4/8/2014
11
LESSONS LEARNT
Strong Stakeholder Buy-in Required
21
The
National
Library
Ministry
of
Education
Publishers Content
Owners
Drop us an email at DM_Youth@mdec.com.my if you
are interested to explore possible synergies with us
22

Securing Data in Borderless World
By Raja Azrina Raja Othman
(BT Malaysia)
Session II
Content Development: Accelerating and Enriching Digital
Content Creation

Raja Azrina Raja Othman
Principal Consultant – Information Security
BT Malaysia
Raja Azrina has over 17 years of experience, specializing in technology, governance as
well as national strategic initiatives in Information Security. Highly technical background
with proven experience in building client relationships, scoping and delivering projects,
public speaking and managing a national SOC (Security Operations Center). She is the
co-founder of the Malaysian Computer Emergency Response Team and Digital
Forensics Lab under a Cyber Security Agency as well as the former Chief Technology
Officer of a Cyber Security Agency. She provided oversight, among others, on ISMS
implementation and certification, and establishment of SCADA security assessment lab
as well as Common Criteria lab. Raja Azrina also led in the design, development and
implementation of the first inter organization and regional cyber exercise/drill. She led in
crisis management in several large organisations, as well as early detection and
mitigation of Code Red worm and Slammer worm, nation wide. The organisation
became the leading specialist in niche information security services. She leads
consultancy on Business Continuity Management, network and system security
architecture review as well as advisory and framework development on Cloud Security.
Raja Azrina holds a Master’s degree in Information Security and Computer Crime from
Glamorgan University, Wales, and a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering from
Lehigh University, as well as a certified Intrusion Analyst and Lead Auditor for
ISO27001. She is also a recipient of the British Chevening Award and Information
Security Leadership Award from (ISC)2 . Currently, she serves as the Chairman of the
Working Group 1 on Information Security Management System and a registered
Technical Expert with the Standards Malaysia. She has been a speaker and invited
panelist in ICANN, APECTEL, ITU, FIRST, APCERT and AusCERT platforms.

Securing Data
in Borderless
World
by Raja Azrina Raja Othman
• MSc Information Security
and Computer Crime
• ISMS Lead Auditor
8th Apr 2014
BT Assure. Security that matters

BT Advise Assure
What is Data?
Where does data reside?
2

IT Security Expenditure
• Between 2003 and 2011, total IT security spend grew from $12 billion to
$28 billion while the mix of security technologies purchased remained
fairly consistent. In effect, organizations have been spending more
without making any major changes to their security strategies.
BT Advise Assure
Source: IDC
Source: FireEye Advanced Threat Report 2012
3

What percentage of your firm's IT security budget
will go to the following technology areas?
BT Advise Assure
Network
Security
Identity
Management
Content
Security
Client
Threat
Managemen
t
Risk and
Compliance
Application
Security Security
Operation
! Data Security Takes
17% Of The Security
Technology Budget
Source: Forrester research base on 1,417 enterprise and SMB IT security decision-makers
4

What are your firm's plans to adopt the following data security
and information risk management technologies?
! DLP And Database Security Take The Top
Spots On The Technology Wish List
Source: Forrester research base on 692 enterprise and SMB IT security decision-makers
BT Advise Assure
5

What types of data were potentially compromised or breached?
Personally identifiable information (name, adress,
phone, Social Security number)
Intellectual property
Authentication credentials (user IDs and passwords,
other forms of credentials)
Other personal data
Other sensitive corporate data
BT Advise Assure
3%
8%
7%
6%
12%
10%
14%
20%
25%
Corporate financial data
Website defacement
Account numbers
Payment/credit card data
Source: Forrester research base on 154 IT security decision-makers from firms with 10,000 or more employees
6

How do employees store and access files on multiple PCs,
smartphones, or tablets?
USB flash drive or CD/DVD
Email attachments to myself
Network shared drive
File sync, sharing, or online locker service*
Web-based office productivity site
Online backup service
BT Advise Assure
9%
2%
2%
19%
27%
52%
66%
62%
Don't know
Other
! Data Stored outside the
organization network
Source: Forrester research
7

Gartner Hype Cycle for Data and Collaboration Security,
2013
BT Advise Assure
! DLP analysis – how
effective?
8

61% of data loss happens through Malicious Intent and
today’s DLP approaches fail to address the issue.
Source: Securosis, 2010 Data Security Services
BT Advise Assure
Accidential Data Loss Malicious Data Loss
39% of data theft is
“accidental”.
Majority DLP
solution today
protect by
document
fingerprint
(DF)
Accidental
39%
Malicious
61%
61% of data theft is
intentional or “malicious”1.
Today’s approaches to
DLP cannot protect
from evasive data theft
efforts.
1) Examples of malicious data loss:
 Manipulating structural, lexical or temporal composition of the content (e.g. emails, spreadsheets, ad-hoc documents, etc.)
 Utilizing known “Vulnerability” of Data/Content Identification and/or Matching Algorithms
9

Mobile devices will dominate as a strategic driver of
productivity and operational efficiency
15 per cent of IT managers
say the cost of BYOD is
unclear1
Mobile BYOD will cost you
about 33% more than a
company-owned mobile device
approach2
5 million Apple
iPhone 5 units sold in
in launch weekend
46 million apps
downloaded from Apple’s
app store each day
BT Advise Assure
30 per cent of
organisations worry BYOD
requires more resources
e.g. draining the
company’s bandwidth 1
33 per cent of employees
see no risk in BYOD, yet only
10 per cent of IT directors
agree with them1
Mobile device security is the
single biggest concern for
74 per cent of IT directors
and executives1
56% of global executives say slow decision-making is a major problem at work3
81% of organisations spend most of their day working collaboratively3
1BT’s “Rethink the Risk” Research – 2,000 IT users and decision makers 2Aberdeen Group 3Collaboration Paradox research

Are we treating DIFFERENT/NEW problem
with the SAME/OLD solution?
BT Advise Assure
11

Data Leakage Protection has evolved….
1st Generation DLP
Traditional DRM/
Authoring Tools
BT Advise Assure
12
2nd Generation DLP
Structured
Reg-Ex
3rd Generation DLP
Unstructured
Fingerprinting
Lots of $$ just to protect 5% of data
Information Complexity
High
Performance
4th Generation DLP
Unstructured
Semantic Analysis
Low High
Low
Protects
Structured Data
Via Signature
Matching
Protects Un-
Structured Data
Via Document
Fingerprint
Manual Tagging
Protects
Malicious Data
Manipulation
Advanced
Correlation
Algorithm
Controls
Document
Access
Password
Protection
Open/Copy/Edit/
Paste
Global Security Policy Identity and Role-based
policy

DLP must be able to auto classify data based on risk and role-based,
process dynamic data in real-time, and enforce policy
Intelligence
1
• Domain Knowledge
(e.g banking, health)
 Semantic Analysis of
unstructured &
structured data
 Real-time data search,
classification &
correlation engine
 Risk-based analysis
 Self-learning &
automated system
 Intelligent, automated
policy engine
 Highly granular
against extrusion
BT Advise Assure
2
Enforcement &
Reporting
• Role based
 Real time data
discovery and
forensics
 Instant, automated
way to discover,
prevent and report
any data theft and
comply with
regulations
 Important for
Compliance
mandates such as
PDPA, ISMS & for
forensics purposes
Monitoring &
Analysis
• Forensics
 Real time, no pre-marking
of data
 Data analysis across
entire enterprise –
from enterprise LAN
to network to
storage
 High performance
and throughput
 Highly granular
policy control and
analysis operations
& information
3
13
PDPA: Personal Data Protection Act
ISMS : Information Security Management System (ISO/IEC 27001

Some cyber threats DIE HARD….
BT Advise Assure
14

Malware-related Activities Once in Every 3 minutes.
• Across Industries, organisations on average are experiencing malware-related activities
once every three minutes. This activity can include the receipt of a malicious email, a
user clicking a link on an infected website, or an infected machine making a callback
to a Command and Control server.
1
5 Source: FireEye Advanced Threat Report 2012
BT Advise Assure

Advanced Persistent Threat - Operation Aurora
Waterhole Attack
BT Advise Assure
16
One attack procedure used by
Elderwood is to :
- infect legitimate websites
frequented by employees of the
target company – a so-called "water
hole" attack, just as lions stake out
a watering hole for their prey.
- Elderwood infects these less-secure
sites with malware that
downloads to a computer that clicks
on the site.
- Next, the group searches inside
the network to which the infected
computer is connected, finding and
then downloading executives' e-mails
and critical documents on
company plans, decisions,
acquisitions, and product designs.
Source: Symantec

South Korean Wiping Malware
BT Advise Assure
17
Source: Trendmicro.com
• The incident began when corporate computer
systems were shutdown and could not be
rebooted, while others were showing images of a
skull and a “warning”. Impact to business
operations, include ATMs, online banking, and TV
broadcasts disruption.
• Spear-phishing emails were used to penetrate and
compromise initial systems within these organizations.
• Upon penetration, attackers targeted critical IT
infrastructures such as patch management
servers, and public facing web sites, in preparation
for a “waterhole attack” where these legitimate
websites and servers are modified to inject malicious
code onto connecting PCs.
• Attackers hacked and loaded viruses onto sites
they suspect attractive targets will visit.
• Drive-by downloading : Compromised websites
connected visiting clients to off-shore websites where
malicious Trojan program, known as
TROJ_KILLMBR.SM, was installed.
• This program was responsible for taking down the
infected systems by overwriting the Master Boot
Record (MBR) (self destruct), thus paralyzing system
and business operations.

The Organisational Structure for
Crime-As-A-Service
The Executive
make decisions,
oversee
operations, and
ensure that
everything runs
smoothly
The Recruiter
devising and
executing an
infection
campaign
Cybercrime has evolved into a
complex, highly organized
hierarchy involving leaders,
engineers, infantry, and hired
money mules
The Infantry
ground-level
forces that
initiate the actual
infection on a
user’s machine
18
Help Wanted
Cybercriminals offer support services for botnet
Source: Fortinet 2013 Cybercrime Report
Middle-man
Job Advertisement

Affordable rates for Criminal Service Engagement
Examples of crime services and corresponding rates (USD) include:
Consulting services such as botnet setup ($350-$400)
Infection/spreading services (~$100 per 1K installs)
Botnets & Rentals [Direct Denial of Service (DDoS) $535 for 5 hours a day for one
week], email spam ($40 / 20K emails) and Web spam ($2/30 posts)
Quality Assurance vs. Detection (Crypters, Scanners - $10 per month)
Affiliate Programs ($5k per day is possible)
Onshore & Offshore Hosting – Virtual Private Servers ($6 per month),
Bulletproof/Fast Flux hosting and (VPNs & reverse proxies) ($3 per month)
Blackhat Search Engine Optimization (SEO) ($80 for 20K spammed backlinks)
Inter-Carrier Money Exchange & Mule services (25% commission)
CAPTCHA Breaking ($1/1000 CAPTCHAs)—Done through recruited humans
Crimeware Upgrade Modules: Using Zeus Modules as an example, range
anywhere from $500 to $10K
BT Advise Assure
19

Recruitment of Contractors
20
(Advertisement programs, although not malicious, are usually considered a nuisance due
to their behavior, such as bundling unwanted adware with software downloads) - tough to
distinguish – seemingly legitimate portals may offer non-advertised, malicious products to
distribute.
Cloud Cracking enables
cybercriminals to attempt
hundreds of thousands of
password in minutes.
Recruitment of contractors to
crack CAPTCHA
authentication

How do we stay AHEAD of the highly
BT Advise Assure
motivated cyber criminals?
21

Understanding Attacker by Monitoring Large Data
Require ability to detect anomalies, out of character behaviour,
unclassified activities…
BT Advise Assure
22
Data theft target
Initial Entry
Lateral Movement
Tools of the trade
Persistence
Data theft
Social Media FB, Linked-in
Attack vector – spear
phishing, phishing, spam
Search for patch mgmt
server, other intranet
servers
Malware, botnets, DDoS
tool, secure communication
Which malware can be
made persistent, establish
multiple backdoor
Data collected to a staging
server and exfiltrated from
staging server
APT style attacks require tools that can monitor beyond known attacks.

Big Data Security
Solution that captures and analyzes some or all Big Data sources for the purposes
of uncovering and mitigating cyberthreats. Monitoring large data require capacity,
analytics and visualization.
• External Big Data Sources
BT Advise Assure
Reputation
feeds (e.g
spam and
C&C
blacklist)
Malware
Domain
List
IP
Geolocation
Services
DomainTools
and Global
Domain
Registry
Database
SANS
Internet
Storm
Center
SORB
(Spam and
open relay
blocking)
23
• Internal Big Data Sources
Data
Application Logs (if any)
System logs
Security logs
Correlation/Analysis
Verification/Severity
Alert
A Big Data Security Solution, provides visibility beyond the internal data that it is fed, such as
log, flow and endpoint event data

What are Key Success in Curbing Online Attacks
• Cross Border Law Enforcement Cooperation : Successful take-downs of high-profile
botnets have served to present major setbacks to cybercriminals. Some nations have
even participated in collaborative efforts to prevent cybercriminals from registering
domains. These are often in the form of working groups, such as the Conficker or
Mariposa working group.
• Inter-organisation Cooperation : Share cyber threat information within vertical sectors
can help in getting ahead of on-going attacks.
• Technical Capability in Detection and Response : Ability to manage incidents and
speed in deploying short term mitigation in the event of attacks will reduce risk of larger
financial loss.
• Innovative Technology in Information Security : More comprehensive, intelligent,
least privilege environment, multi-layered approach to security.
BT Advise Assure
24

Digital Newspaper Collections:
If You Build One, Who Will Visit?
By Frederick Zarndt
(Global Connexions)
Session II
Content Development: Accelerating and Enriching Digital
Content Creation

Frederick Zarndt
Global Connexions
Frederick Zarndt has worked with historic and contemporary newspaper, journal,
magazine, book, and records digitisation since computer speeds, software, technology,
storage, and costs first made it practical. Frederick has experience in every aspect of
digitisation projects including project requirements development, project management,
conversion operations (both in-house and outsourced), acceptance testing, software
development for production and delivery of digital data, and digital preservation.
Frederick is current secretary and former chair of the IFLA Newspapers Section. He’s
the administrative chair of the ALTO XML Editorial Board and a member of the METS
Editorial Board. Frederick has 25+ years experience in software development and is a
member of ACM and IEEE and a Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP).
He is a member of ALA and IFLA. Frederick has Master's Degrees in Computer Science
and Physics.

digital newspaper
collections:
if you build one, who will
visit?
Frederick Zarndt
IFLA Newspapers Section
frederick@frederickzarndt.com
@cowboyMontana
hashtag #IFLAnewspaper

about digital
newspapers
• programs
• collections
• users / crowdsourcing
San Francisco Call 21 April 1906

why digitize newspapers?
“News is only the first rough
draft of history.”
Alan Barth writing for 1943
Washington Post
Wikipedia contributors, “Alan Barth," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Barth (accessed March 2014).

why digitize newspapers?
to preserve
to provide access

• newspapers are deteriorating
• microfilm is dissolving
• no storage space or space is too expensive

the principal reason to digitize newspapers
is to provide non-destructive, universal
access to newspapers for as many users as
possible

Photo by DAVID ILIFF. License: CC-BY-SA 3.0
reading rooms
by the numbers*
Monthly average
Visitors Requests for Newspapers
Population Reading Room Microform Print
Australia 22,876,000 5,130 345 240
France 65,350,000 3,000 2,000 1,000
Netherlands 16,847,000 NA NA NA
New Zealand 4,414,000 NA NA NA
Norway 4,985,000 600 400 NA
Singapore 5,184,000 NA 300 NA
UK 62,262,000 2,000 6,900 4,816
USA 313,292,000 NA NA NA
*numbers from 2012

physical versus digital
monthly averages 2012
requests for newspapers digitised historical newspapers
population paper + microform unique visitors
22,876,000 585 150,000
37,692,000 NA 12,800
5,405,000 NA NA
65,350,000 3,000 22,000
16,847,000 NA 50,000
4,414,000 NA 83,333
4,985,000 400 1,500
5,184,000 300 12,400
62,262,000 11,716 NA
313,292,000 NA NA

BUT …
• newspaper digitization is expensive
• newspaper digitization is complicated
• digital preservation is expensive
• digital preservation is untested
Image from http://www.visualinsight.net/nc/gallery/pages/e-Preservation.html

programs
National
Cooperative
Individual

programs
national: a single (national) library which
funds and manages a national newspapers
digitization program.
• Papers Past, National Library of New
Zealand
• Newspaper SG, National Library of
Singapore
• Historiallinen Sanomalehtikirjasto,
National Library of Finland
• and others …

programs
national: centrally funded and centrally
managed program with several participants.
strict standards for participants.
• National Digital Newspaper Program
(Library of Congress)
• Australian Newspaper Digitisation
Program

programs
cooperative: organizations collaborate to
achieve a common goal but digitization
programs are managed separately. flexible
standards.
• Europeana newspapers
• Digital Public Library of America

programs
individual: organization digitizes on its own.
may or, more usually, does not follow open
standards. all commercial organizations.
• ProQuest Historical Newspapers
• Newspapers.com
• Newsbank
• many others…

programs
• the design of a digitization
program requires careful thought
and must be adapted to local
circumstances
• determine principal or targeted
user demographic and use cases
• ask those who have gone before
• join the IFLA Newspapers
Section! (ask me how)
Image courtesy of Donald Zolan.

digital historic newspaper collections
as of Mar 2014
library collection ~size pages dates
National Library of Australia Trove 12,668,000 1803-1995
California Digital Newspaper Collection CDNC 545,000 1846-2012
Naitonal Library of Finland Historical Newspaper Library 3,006,000 1771-1919
Bibliotheque nationale de France Gallica 2,200,000 1293-2000
Koninklijke Bibliotheek Historische Kranten 9,000,000 1618-1995
National Library of New Zealand Papers Past 3,109,000 1839-1945
National Library of Norway NBDigital Aviser 12,000,000 1763-2012
Singapore National Library Newspaper SG 2,400,000 1831-2009
British Library British Newspaper Archive 7,598,000 1710-1954
Library of Congress Chronicling America 7,293,000 1836-1922

1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
People and organisations
Diaries, letters, archives
Archived websites
Maps
Music sound and video
Journal Articles
Pictures and photos
Books
Australian Newspapers
unique visits page views
2013 monthly averages

0
1,500,000
3,000,000
4,500,000
6,000,000
7,500,000
People and organisations
Diaries, letters, archives
Archived websites
Maps
Music sound and video
Journal Articles
Pictures and photos
Books
Australian Newspapers

1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
unique visits number of visits page views
NewspaperSG Infopedia iRememberSG

February 2014
2,527,92
6
123,889 53,897
517,823
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
Papers Past National Library except
Papers Past

International Digital Library Conference (IDLC 2014)

International Digital Library Conference (IDLC 2014)

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