International cuisine

1. International cuisine

2. Geogprophical location
• Geography
• Main article: Geography of Mexico
• A topographic map of Mexico.
• Mexico is located between latitudes 14° and 33°N, and longitudes 86° and 119°W in the southern portion of North America.[citation needed] Almost all of
Mexico lies in the North American Plate, with small parts of the Baja California peninsula on the Pacific and Cocos Plates. Geophysically, some
geographers include the territory east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (around 12% of the total) within Central America.[82] Geopolitically, however,
Mexico is entirely considered part of North America, along with Canada and the United States.[83]
• Citlatepetl is the tallest mountain in Mexico at 18,491 feet above sea level.
• Mexico's total area is 1,972,550 km2 (761,606 sq mi), making it the world's 14th largest country by total area, and includes approximately 6,000 km2
(2,317 sq mi) of islands in the Pacific Ocean (including the remote Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands), Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and
Gulf of California. From its farthest land points, Mexico is a little over 2,000 mi (3,219 km) in length.
• On its north, Mexico shares a 3,141 km (1,952 mi) border with the United States. The meandering Río Bravo del Norte (known as the Rio Grande in
the United States) defines the border from Ciudad Juárez east to the Gulf of Mexico. A series of natural and artificial markers delineate the United
States-Mexican border west from Ciudad Juárez to the Pacific Ocean. On its south, Mexico shares an 871 km (541 mi) border with Guatemala and a
251 km (156 mi) border with Belize.
• Mexico is crossed from north to south by two mountain ranges known as Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, which are the extension
of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America. From east to west at the center, the country is crossed by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
also known as the Sierra Nevada. A fourth mountain range, the Sierra Madre del Sur, runs from Michoacán to Oaxaca.[84]
• As such, the majority of the Mexican central and northern territories are located at high altitudes, and the highest elevations are found at the Trans-
Mexican Volcanic Belt: Pico de Orizaba (5,700 m or 18,701 ft), Popocatepetl (5,462 m or 17,920 ft) and Iztaccihuatl (5,286 m or 17,343 ft) and the
Nevado de Toluca (4,577 m or 15,016 ft). Three major urban agglomerations are located in the valleys between these four elevations:

3. culure
• The culture of Mexico evolved quickly during the 19th and 20th centuries. In many ways,
contemporary life in its cities has become similar to that in neighboring United States and Europe,
while most Mexican villagers follow the older way of life more so than the city dwellers.
• Large metropolitan areas include Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Puebla-Tlaxcala, while
rural areas include small areas throughout Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Sonora, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas,
Yucatán, Michoacán, and many more.
• Contents
• [hide]
• 1 Religion
• 2 Art
• 3 Literature
• 4 Language
• 5 Architecture
• 6 Cinema
• 7 National holidays
• 8 Cuisine
• 9 Music and dance
• 10 Sport

4. Religion
• The Spanish arrival and colonization brought Roman Catholicism to the country,
which became the main religion of Mexico. Nonetheless, Mexico is a secular state,
and the Constitution of 1917 and anti-clerical laws imposed limitations on the
church and sometimes codified state intrusion into church matters. The
government does not provide any financial contributions to the church, and the
church does not participate in public education.
• The 2010 census reported, by self-ascription, that 94.5% of the population is
Christian.[1] Roman Catholics are 89%[2] of the total , 47% percent of whom attend
church services weekly.[3] In absolute terms, Mexico has the world's second largest
number of Catholics after Brazil.[4] According to the Government's 2000 census,
approximately 87 percent of respondents identified themselves as at least
nominally Roman Catholic. Other religious groups for which the 2000 census
provided estimates included evangelicals, with 1.71 percent of the population;
other Protestant evangelical groups, 2.79 percent; members of Jehovah's
Witnesses, 1.25 percent; "Historical" Protestants, 0.71 percent; Seventh-day
Adventists, 0.58 percent; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 0.25
percent; Jews, 0.05 percent; and other religions, 0.31 percent. Approximately 3.52
percent of respondents indicated no religion, and 0.86 percent did not specify a
religion

5. art
• Mexico is known for its folk art traditions, mostly derived from the indigenous and Spanish crafts.
Pre-Columbian art thrived over a wide timescale, from 1800 BC to AD 1500. Certain artistic
characteristics were repeated throughout the region, namely a preference for angular, linear
patterns, and three-dimensional ceramics. Notable handicrafts include clay pottery from the valley
of Oaxaca and the village of Tonala. Colorfully embroidered cotton garments, cotton or wool shawls
and outer garments, and colorful baskets and rugs are seen everywhere. Mexico is also known for
its pre-Columbian architecture, especially for public, ceremonial and urban monumental buildings
and structures.
• Following the conquest, the first artistic efforts were directed at evangelization and the related task
of building churches. The Spanish initially co-opted many indigenous stonemasons and sculptors to
build churches, monuments and other religious art, such as altars. The prevailing style during this
era was Baroque. In the period after independence into the early 20th century, Mexican fine arts
continued to be largely influenced by European traditions.
• After the Mexican Revolution, a new generation of Mexican artists led a vibrant national movement
that incorporated political, historic, and folk themes in their work. The painters Diego Rivera, José
Clemente Orozco, and David Siqueiros were the main propegaters of Mexican muralism. Their grand
murals, often displayed on public buildings, promoted social ideals. Rufino Tamayo and Frida Kahlo
produced more personal works with abstract elements. Mexican art photography was largely
fostered by the work of Manuel Álvarez Bravo

6. literature
• A late 18th-century painting of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, poet and
writer.
• The literature of Mexico has its antecedents in the literatures of the
indigenous settlements of Mesoamerica. The most well known
prehispanic poet is Netzahualcoyotl. Modern Mexican literature
was influenced by the concepts of the Spanish colonialization of
Mesoamerica. Outstanding colonial writers and poets include Juan
Ruiz de Alarcón and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.
• Other notable writers include Alfonso Reyes, José Joaquín
Fernández de Lizardi, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, Maruxa Vilalta,
Carlos Fuentes, Octavio Paz (Nobel Laureate), Renato Leduc,
Mariano Azuela ("Los de abajo"), Juan Rulfo ("Pedro Páramo") and
Bruno Traven.

7. language
• Mexico is the most populous Spanish-speaking country
in the world.[6] Although the overwhelming majority of
Mexicans today speak Spanish, there is no de jure
official language at the federal level. However, the
government recognizes 62 indigenous Amerindian
languages as national languages. Some Spanish
vocabulary in Mexico has roots in the country's
indigenous languages, which are spoken by
approximately 6% of the population.[7] Some
indigenous Mexican words have even become common
in other languages, such as the English language. For
instance, the words tomato, chocolate, coyote, and
avocado are Nahuatl in origin.[8]

8. Architecture
• With thirty-three sites, Mexico has more sites on the UNESCO World Heritage list than any other country in the
Americas, most of which pertain to the country's architectural history. Mesoamerican architecture in Mexico is
best known for its public, ceremonial and urban monumental buildings and structures, several of which are the
largest monuments in the world. Mesoamerican architecture is divided into three eras, Pre-Classic, Classic, and
Post-Classic. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright is reputed to have declared the Puuc-style architecture of the Maya as
the best in the Western Hemisphere.[9]
• The New Spanish Baroque dominated in early colonial Mexico. During the late 17th century to 1750, one of
Mexico's most popular architectural styles was Mexican Churrigueresque, which combined Amerindian and
Moorish decorative influences.
• The Academy of San Carlos, founded in 1788, was the first major art academy in the Americas. The academy
promoted Neoclassicism, focusing on Greek and Roman art and architecture.
• Roof patio of the Luis Barragán House and Studio.
• The Palacio de Bellas Artes is built in a primarily Art Nouveau exterior and an Art Deco interior, a result of
interruptions during construction caused by the Mexican Revolution.
• From 1864 to 1867, during the Second Mexican Empire, Maximilian I was installed as emperor of Mexico. This
intervention, financed largely by France, was brief, but it began a period of French influence in architecture and
culture. The style was emphasized during the presidency of Porfirio Diaz who was a pronounced francophile.
• After the Mexican Revolution in 1917, idealization of the indigenous and the traditional symbolized attempts to
reach into the past and retrieve what had been lost in the race toward modernization.
• Functionalism, expressionism, and other schools left their imprint on a large number of works in which Mexican
stylistic elements have been combined with European and American techniques, most notably the work of Pritzker
Prize winner Luis Barragán. His personal home, the Luis Barragán House and Studio, is a World Heritage Site.
• Enrique Norten, the founder of TEN Arquitectors, has been awarded several honors for his work in modern
architecture. His work express a modernity that reinforces the government's desire to present a new image of
Mexico as an industrialized country with a global presence.

9. cinema
• The history of Mexican cinema dates to the beginning of the 20th
century, when several enthusiasts of the new medium documented
historical events – most particularly the Mexican Revolution. The
Golden Age of Mexican cinema is the name given to the period
between 1935 and 1959, where the quality and economic success
of the cinema of Mexico reached its peak. An era when renowned
actors such as Cantinflas and Dolores del Río appeared on the silver
screen.
• Present-day film makers include Alejandro González Iñárritu
(Amores perros, Babel), Alfonso Cuarón (Children of Men, Harry
Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), Guillermo del Toro (Pan's
Labyrinth), Carlos Reygadas (Stellet Licht), screenwriter Guillermo
Arriaga and owners Guillermo Navarro and Emmanuel Lubezki.

10. National holidays
• Mexicans celebrate their Independence from Spain on September 16, and other holidays with festivals known as
"Fiestas". Many Mexican cities, towns and villages hold a yearly festival to commemorate their local patron saints.
During these festivities, the people pray and burn candles to honor their saints in churches decorated with flowers
and colorful utensils. They also hold large parades, fireworks, dance competitions, beauty pageant contest, party
and buy refreshments in the market places and public squares. In the smaller towns and villages, soccer, and
boxing are also celebrated during the festivities.
• Skulls made of amaranto, given during the Day of the Dead festival.
• Other festivities include Día de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe ("Our Lady of Guadalupe Day"), Las Posadas ("The
Shelters", celebrated on December 16 to December 24), Noche Buena ("Holy Night", celebrated on December 24),
Navidad ("Christmas", celebrated on December 25) and Año Nuevo ("New Years Day", celebrated on December 31
to January 1). "Guadalupe Day" is regarded by many Mexicans as the most important religious holiday of their
country. It honours the Virgin of Guadalupe, the patron saint of Mexico, which is celebrated on December 12. In
the last decade, all the celebrations happening from mid December to the beginning of January have been linked
together in what has been called the Guadalupe-Reyes Marathon.
• Epiphany the evening of January 5 marks the Twelfth Night of Christmas and is when the figurines of the three
wise men are added to the nativity scene. Traditionally in Mexico, as with many other Latin American countries,
Santa Claus doesn't hold the cachet that he does in the United States. Rather, it is the three wise men who are the
bearers of gifts, who leave presents in or near the shoes of small children.[10] Mexican families also commemorate
the date by eating Rosca de reyes. In modern Mexico however, and particularly in the larger cities and in the
North, local traditions are now being observed and intertwined with the greater North American Santa Claus
tradition, as well as with other holidays such as Halloween, due to Americanization via film and television, creating
an economy of gifting tradition that spans from Christmas Day until January 6.
• A piñata is made from papier-mache. It is created to look like popular people, animals, or fictional characters.
Once made it is painted with bright colors and filled with candy or small toys. It is then hung from the ceiling. The
children are blindfolded and take turns hitting the piñata until it breaks open and the candy and small toys fall out.
The children then gather the candy and small toys.

11. Music and dance
• The foundation of Mexican music comes from its indigenous sounds and heritage. The original inhabitants of the land used drums (such as the
teponaztli), flutes, rattles, conches as trumpets and their voices to make music and dances. This ancient music is still played in some parts of Mexico.
However, much of the traditional contemporary music of Mexico was written during and after the Spanish colonial period, using many old world
influenced instruments. Many traditional instruments, such as the Mexican vihuela used in Mariachi music, were adapted from their old world
predecessors and are now considered very Mexican.
• Mexican society enjoys a vast array of music genres, showing the diversity of Mexican culture. Traditional music includes Mariachi, Banda, Norteño,
Ranchera and Corridos. Mexicans also listen to contemporary music such as pop and Mexican rock. Mexico has the largest media industry in Latin
America, producing Mexican artists who are famous in the Americas and parts of Europe. Folk songs called corridos have been popular in the country
since the early nineteen hundreds. It may tell the story about the Mexican Revolution, pride, Mestizaje, romance, poverty, politics or crime. Notable
Afro-Mexican contributions to the country's music are the Son Jarocho and the marimba.
• Jarabe Tapatío in the traditional China Poblana dress.
• Mario Santiago and Silvestre Vargas during a musical presentation.
• Mariachis perform along streets, festivals and restaurants. A common Mariachi group can include singers, violins, a guitarrón, a guitarra de golpe,
vihuela, guitars, and trumpets. The most prominent Mariachi group is Vargas de Tecalitlán, which was originally formed in 1897.
• Other styles of traditional regional music in México: Huapango or Son Huasteco (Huasteca, northeastern regions, violin and two guitars known as
quinta huapanguera and jarana), Tambora (Sinaloa, mainly brass instruments) Duranguense, Jarana (most of the Yucatán peninsula) and Norteña
(North style, redoba and accordion).
• Folk dances are a feature of Mexican culture. Significant in dance tradition is the "Jarabe Tapatío", known as "Mexican hat dance". Traditional
dancers perform a sequence of hopping steps, heel and toe tapping movements.
• Among the most known "classical" composers: Manuel M. Ponce ("Estrellita"), Revueltas, Jordá (Elodia), Ricardo Castro, Juventino Rosas ("Sobre las
olas"), Carrillo (Sonido 13), Ibarra, Pablo Moncayo (Huapango) and Carlos Chávez.
• Popular composers includes: Agustín Lara, Consuelo Velázquez ("Bésame mucho"), José Alfredo Jiménez, Armando Manzanero, Álvaro Carrillo,
Joaquín Pardavé and Alfonso Ortiz Tirado.
• Traditional Mexican music has influenced the evolution of the Mexican pop and Mexican rock genre. Some well-known Mexican pop singers are Luis
Miguel and Alejandro Fernández. Latin rock musicians such as Carlos Santana, Café Tacuba and Caifanes have incorporated Mexican folk tunes into
their music. Traditional Mexican music is still alive in the voices of artists such as Lila Downs.

12. sport
• The traditional national sport of Mexico is Charreria, which consists
of a series of equestrian events. The national horse of Mexico, used
in Charreria, is the Azteca. Bullfighting, a tradition brought from
Spain, is also popular. Mexico has the largest venue for bullfighting
in the world - the Plaza México in Mexico City which seats 48,000
people.
• Football team sport in Mexico. Most states have their own
representative football teams. Among the country's significant
teams include Chivas de Guadalajara, Club América, Cruz Azul, and
Pumas de la UNAM. Notable players include Hugo Sánchez, Claudio
Suárez, Luis Hernández, Francisco Palencia, Cuauhtémoc Blanco,
Memo Ochoa, Jared Borgetti, Rafael Márquez, Pável Pardo,
• The country hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1968 and the
FIFA World Cup in 1970 and 1986, and was the first country to host
the FIFA World Cup twice.

13. cuisine
• Mexican cuisine is known for its blending of Indigenous and European cultures, and to a lesser extent, African and Asian. The cuisine was inscribed in
2010 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.[11] Traditionally, the main Mexican ingredients consisted
of maize, beans, both red and white meats, potatoes, tomatoes, seafood, chili peppers, squash, nuts, avocados and various herbs native to Mexico.
• Tacos al pastor
• Bottles of artisanal mezcal
• Popular dishes include tacos, enchiladas, mole sauce, atole, tamales, and pozole. Popular beverages include water flavored with a variety of fruit
juices, and cinnamon-flavored hot chocolate prepared with milk or water and blended until it becomes frothed using a traditional wooden tool called
a molinillo. Alcoholic beverages native to Mexico include mescal, pulque, and tequila. Mexican beer is also popular in Mexico and are exported. There
are international award-winning Mexican wineries that produce and export wine.[12]
• The most important and frequently used spices in Mexican cuisine are chili powder, cumin, oregano, cilantro, epazote, cinnamon, and cocoa.
Chipotle, a smoked-dried jalapeño pepper, is also common in Mexican cuisine. Many Mexican dishes also contain onions and garlic, which are also
some of Mexico's staple foods.
• Next to corn, rice is the most common grain in Mexican cuisine. According to food writer Karen Hursh Graber, the initial introduction of rice to Spain
from North Africa in the 14th century led to the Spanish introduction of rice to Mexico at the port of Veracruz in the 1520s. This, Graber says, created
one of the earliest instances of the world's greatest Fusion cuisine's.[citation needed]
• In Southeastern Mexico, especially in the Yucátan, spicy vegetable and meat dishes are common. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico has quite a bit
of Caribbean influence, given its geographical location. Seafood is commonly prepared in the states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of
Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes, à la veracruzana.
• In contemporary times, various world cuisines have become popular in Mexico, thus adopting a Mexican fusion. For example, sushi in Mexico is often
made by using a variety of sauces based on mango and tamarind, and very often served with serrano-chili blended soy sauce, or complemented with
vinegar, habenero peppers and chipotle peppers.[citation needed]
• Chocolate originated in Mexico and was prized by the Aztecs. It remains an important ingredient in Mexican cookery

14. Qusedillah
• A quesadilla (/ˌkeɪsəˈdiːjə/,
Spanish kesaˈðiʝa (help·info)) is a wheat
tortilla or a corn tortilla filled with a savoury
mixture, and/or vegetables, folded in half,
cooked often on a griddle, then folded in half
to form a half-moon shape.[1]

15. Orignal mexican quesidillaj
• In central and southern regions of Mexico, a quesadilla is a flat circle of cooked corn masa, called a tortilla,
warmed to soften it enough to be folded in half, and then filled. They are typically filled with Oaxaca cheese
(queso Oaxaca). Oaxaca cheese is a stringy Mexican cheese made by the pasta filata (stretched-curd) method. The
quesadilla is then cooked on a comal until the cheese has completely melted. They are usually cooked without the
addition of any oil. Often the quesadillas are served with green or red salsa, chopped onion, and guacamole.[3]
While Oaxaca (or string) cheese is the most common filling, other ingredients are also used in addition to or even
substituting cheese. These can include cooked vegetables, such as potatoes with chorizo, squash blossoms,
mushrooms, epazote, huitlacoche, and different types of cooked meat, such as chicharron, tinga made of chicken
or beef, or cooked pork. In some places, quesadillas are also topped with other ingredients, in addition to the
fillings they already have: avocado or guacamole, chopped onion, tomato, serrano chiles and cilantro are the most
common. Salsas may also be added as a topping.[4]
• Blue corn quesadillas
• Mexican quesadillas are traditionally cooked on a comal, which is also used to prepare tortillas. As a variation, the
quesadillas can be fried in oil to make quesadillas fritas. The main difference is while the traditional ones are
prepared just filling the partially cooked tortillas, then continue cooking until the cheese melts, the fried ones are
prepared like a pastry, preparing the uncooked masa in small circles, then topping with the filling and finally
folding the quesadilla to form the pastry. It is then immersed into hot oil until the exterior looks golden and
crispy.[5]
• Other variations include the use of wheat flour tortillas instead, especially in northeastern Mexico. Wheat dough
is most commonly used in place of corn masa. In this case, the flour tortilla is prepared, folded and filled with
cheese, exactly as the corn.[6]
• Sometimes, cheese and ham are sandwiched between two flour tortillas, then cut into wedges to serve what is
commonly known as sincronizada (Spanish for "synchronized") in Mexico. Despite appearing almost the same as a
quesadilla, it is considered a completely different dish. The sincronizada is frequently confused with quesadillas by
tourists, because it is typically called a quesadilla in most Mexican restaurants outside of México.[7]

16. Us qusedillah
• The quesadilla is a regional favorite in the Southwest United States where it is
analogous to a 'grilled cheese sandwich'. It is prepared in a similar manner except
for the inclusion of local ingredients, and sometimes turkey. A flour tortilla is
heated on a griddle, then flipped and sprinkled with a grated, melting cheese
(queso quesadilla), such as Monterey Jack, Cheddar cheese or Colby Jack. Once the
cheese melts, other ingredients; such as shredded meat, peppers, onions or
guacamole may be added, and it is then folded and served.[8]
• Another preparation involves cheese and other ingredients sandwiched between
two flour tortillas, with the whole package grilled on an oiled griddle and flipped
so both sides are cooked and the cheese is melted.[9] This version is often cut into
wedges to serve. A home appliance (quesadilla maker) is sold to produce this kind
of quesadilla, although it does not use oil and cooks both sides at once. This type is
similar to the Mexican sincronizada; but in the United States, they often also have
fajita beef or chicken or other ingredients instead of ham. That kind of quesadilla is
also Mexican, and it is called "gringa" (the name varies in some regions in Mexico,
there's also a type of quesadilla called "chavindeca").
• There is a lot of regional variation to specific recipes throughout the Southwest.

17. Indian qusedillah

18. variation
• Quesadillas have been adapted to many different
styles. In the United States, many restaurants
serve them as appetizers, after adding their own
twist.[10] Some variations are: goat cheese, black
beans, spinach, zucchini, or tofu.[11] A
Scandinavian treat uses a lefse (thin potato
pancake resembling a tortilla) containing brie
cheese and lingonberry jam. Even dessert
quesadillas are made, using ingredients such as
chocolate, butterscotch, caramel, and different
fruits.

19. Quesedillah with glacumole
• Ingrediants
• For dough:
• 3cup whole wheat flour
• 1cup maida
• Salt
• A pinch of eno

20. How to make dough
• Mix flour,salt,eno with water and make a
smooth dough.
• Keep it aside for 15min
• Make balls of around 20inch
• Roll the dough to make chappati

21. Filling
• Ingrediants
• 1onion
• 1tomato
• 1green pepper
• 1red pepper
• 1yellow pepper
• 100gram lettuce
• 50 gram corn
• 100gm kidney beans soaked overnight
• 100gm mozarella cheese

22. How to make filling
Chop all the vegetable finely.
Add salt and black pepper
Boil kidney beans

23. How to make quesidillah
• Take a chappati put chopped vegetables,
kidney beans and cheese on the chapatti and
place another chapatti on it. Because of
cheese it will be glued and then cut the the
triangular pieces with the help of pizza cutter.
• Serve hot with salsa or glaucomol.

24. glaucomole
• Take 1 avacado mix 4strands of garlic and
mash it with the fork.

25. Choclate qusedillah
• Take quesedillah and put choclate chips on it
and hot it on the tawa.
• Add cheese and serve hot.

26. Cheese qusedillah
• Same steps has to be taken but just add
cheese to it.
• Same way we can make tomato quesedillah by
just adding tomatoes to it.