This article is devoted to the complex analysis of the English legislation of the international commercial arbitration. The author analyzed the commercial disputes and the bodies that proceed these disputes in England as well as main statutes regulating the international commercial arbitrations of England. The international commercial practices of the London International Court of Arbitration are described. Moreover, the author represents the main conclusions formed on the basis of the provisions of the national legislation on commercial arbitration and the regulations of the most well known international arbitrations in England. Boratova Ziyoda Sobir Kizi "International Commercial Arbitration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35809.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/35809/international-commercial-arbitration/boratova-ziyoda-sobir-kizi
Conference "The Citizen in European Private Law: Norm-Setting, Enforcement and Choice", Maastricht University, Faculty of Law, 18 October 2013.
Presentation Veerle Van Den Eeckhout "Choice and regulatory competition - Rules on choice of law and forum"
The Private International Law Dimension of the UN Principles on Business and ...Veerle Van Den Eeckhout
Powerpoint-presentation
at Lausanne, 10 October 2014
Conference "The Implementation of the UN Principles on Business and Human Rights in Private International Law"
( see http://www.isdc.ch/d2wfiles/document/4713/4018/0/Human%20Rights%20in%20PIL-%2010-10-2014.pdf at http://www.isdc.ch )
Abstract:
In the reports on Business and Human Rights by John Ruggie, "access to remedies cq access to justice" appears to be a key element.
Rules of Private International Law can be seen as key factors in achieving access to remedies cq access to justice: PIL rules act like hinges that allow doors - granting access to a specific court and to a specific legal norm - to be opened or to be kept closed; thus, as PIL deals with issues of international jurisdiction and applicable law, PIL rules are of paramount importance in determining access to a specific court and access to a specific legal norm.
In his Guiding Principles, Ruggie addresses the responsibility of States for issuing suitable legislation and ‘access to remedies’; it may be well argued that PIL legislation (rules on jurisdiction and applicable law) and the interpretation of this legislation should also be examined in this context.
In the presentation the focus will be on the hypothesis that plaintiffs want to bring an action before a EU Member State court. When focusing on this hypothesis, one can observe that at least some PIL-aspects are covered by rules of PIL of European origin (the regulation of some other aspects is still left to the EU- Member States themselves). To what extent do these rules allow or deny access to remedies cq access to justice?
In the presentation, some rules and issues of (mainly) European PIL - both jurisdiction and applicable law - that deserve attention from this perspective will be highlighted in an introductory way.
Getting the Deal Through - Debt Capital Markets 2017Loyens & Loeff
Debt Capital Markets provides in-depth global insight written by local experts, covering a diverse range of relevant and up-to-date topics, including: public and private debt offerings, special instruments, derivatives and securities, transfers of debt, transaction liabilities and remedies, and the regulation of underwriters.
Opportunities and challenges of managing a globally mobile workforceEversheds Sutherland
Exploring the challenges and opportunities of managing a globally mobile workforce as well as guidance on dealing with complex legal requirements and cultural backgrounds.
Conference "The Citizen in European Private Law: Norm-Setting, Enforcement and Choice", Maastricht University, Faculty of Law, 18 October 2013.
Presentation Veerle Van Den Eeckhout "Choice and regulatory competition - Rules on choice of law and forum"
The Private International Law Dimension of the UN Principles on Business and ...Veerle Van Den Eeckhout
Powerpoint-presentation
at Lausanne, 10 October 2014
Conference "The Implementation of the UN Principles on Business and Human Rights in Private International Law"
( see http://www.isdc.ch/d2wfiles/document/4713/4018/0/Human%20Rights%20in%20PIL-%2010-10-2014.pdf at http://www.isdc.ch )
Abstract:
In the reports on Business and Human Rights by John Ruggie, "access to remedies cq access to justice" appears to be a key element.
Rules of Private International Law can be seen as key factors in achieving access to remedies cq access to justice: PIL rules act like hinges that allow doors - granting access to a specific court and to a specific legal norm - to be opened or to be kept closed; thus, as PIL deals with issues of international jurisdiction and applicable law, PIL rules are of paramount importance in determining access to a specific court and access to a specific legal norm.
In his Guiding Principles, Ruggie addresses the responsibility of States for issuing suitable legislation and ‘access to remedies’; it may be well argued that PIL legislation (rules on jurisdiction and applicable law) and the interpretation of this legislation should also be examined in this context.
In the presentation the focus will be on the hypothesis that plaintiffs want to bring an action before a EU Member State court. When focusing on this hypothesis, one can observe that at least some PIL-aspects are covered by rules of PIL of European origin (the regulation of some other aspects is still left to the EU- Member States themselves). To what extent do these rules allow or deny access to remedies cq access to justice?
In the presentation, some rules and issues of (mainly) European PIL - both jurisdiction and applicable law - that deserve attention from this perspective will be highlighted in an introductory way.
Getting the Deal Through - Debt Capital Markets 2017Loyens & Loeff
Debt Capital Markets provides in-depth global insight written by local experts, covering a diverse range of relevant and up-to-date topics, including: public and private debt offerings, special instruments, derivatives and securities, transfers of debt, transaction liabilities and remedies, and the regulation of underwriters.
Opportunities and challenges of managing a globally mobile workforceEversheds Sutherland
Exploring the challenges and opportunities of managing a globally mobile workforce as well as guidance on dealing with complex legal requirements and cultural backgrounds.
Introduction about international arbitration its benefitsDuguekirtley
International Arbitration is a technique for finding a solution to conflicts outside the court.Arbitration has become of the best ways of handling a dispute because of its many advantages. IAA Network is the best International Arbitration Law Firm contact us for quick and confidential solution.
Download PDF of CLAT 2017 Question Paper with Answer - Aglasem Rahul Tiwari
Download CLAT 2017 question paper with answer for your CLAT 2018 exam practice which is scheduled on May, 2019. CLAT 2017 question paper with answer available on Aglasem will enable you to improve
your speed and accuracy. The question paper covers questions from English, GK, legal aptitude, logical reasoning & etc.
Visit here: https://admission.aglasem.com/clat/
Arab countries participation in the wto dispute settlement mechanism bashar h...Bashar H Malkawi
The paper analyzes Arab countries participation or non-participation in the WTO dispute settlement mechanisn. Specifically, the paper examines the reasons for Arab countries under participation in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and other alternatives to remedy this state of affair.
Introduces commercial law, its history and development alongside its principles. Also explains African and Islamic commercial law as distinct legal systems for commercial dealings. The slides also introduce the Sale of Goods Act (UK, 1979)
Introduction about international arbitration its benefitsDuguekirtley
International Arbitration is a technique for finding a solution to conflicts outside the court.Arbitration has become of the best ways of handling a dispute because of its many advantages. IAA Network is the best International Arbitration Law Firm contact us for quick and confidential solution.
Download PDF of CLAT 2017 Question Paper with Answer - Aglasem Rahul Tiwari
Download CLAT 2017 question paper with answer for your CLAT 2018 exam practice which is scheduled on May, 2019. CLAT 2017 question paper with answer available on Aglasem will enable you to improve
your speed and accuracy. The question paper covers questions from English, GK, legal aptitude, logical reasoning & etc.
Visit here: https://admission.aglasem.com/clat/
Arab countries participation in the wto dispute settlement mechanism bashar h...Bashar H Malkawi
The paper analyzes Arab countries participation or non-participation in the WTO dispute settlement mechanisn. Specifically, the paper examines the reasons for Arab countries under participation in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and other alternatives to remedy this state of affair.
Introduces commercial law, its history and development alongside its principles. Also explains African and Islamic commercial law as distinct legal systems for commercial dealings. The slides also introduce the Sale of Goods Act (UK, 1979)
Contents and Features of dispute settlement under US Jordan FTA by Bashar H. ...Bashar H Malkawi
In the area of dispute resolution, the U.S. FTAs with Arab countries share some commonalities. However, the US – JO FTA clearly differs from other U.S. FTAs with Arab countries. Areas of difference include treatment of perishable goods, appeal, panel report, and implementation of panel report. The dispute settlement mechanism in the US – JO FTA can be improved in several concrete ways.
The purpose of the article is to analyse and assess the dispute settlement mechanism provided for by the US – JO FTA. The article concludes by proposing improvements to the US – JO FTA dispute resolution mechanism and additions to its existing provisions. These improvements will address potential concerns and should contribute to a higher utilization of the FTA as well as serve as a template for a more expansive US-led regional FTA.
Getting The Deal Through: Complex Commercial Litigation 2019Matheson Law Firm
Partners Michael Byrne, Maria Kennedy, Karen Reynolds and Claire McLoughlin co-author the Ireland chapter for the 2019 edition of Getting The Deal Through: Complex Commercial Litigation.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia
Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
ID: IJTSRD35809 | Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia Page 29
International Commercial Arbitration
Boratova Ziyoda Sobir Kizi
Student, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the complexanalysisoftheEnglish
legislation of the international commercial arbitration. The
author analyzed the commercial disputes and the bodies
that proceed these disputes in England as well as main
statutes regulating the international commercial
arbitrations of England. The international commercial
practices of the London International Court of Arbitration
are described. Moreover, the author represents the main
conclusions formed on the basis of the provisions of the
national legislation on commercial arbitration and the
regulations of the most well-known international
arbitrations in England.
KEYWORDS: International commercial arbitration,
commercial disputes, arbitration institution, the London
International Court of Arbitration (LCIA) , the LCIA Rules,
Arbitration Act 1996
INTRODUCTION
The development of international business has often been
accompanied by disagreements among the participants in
the trade and monetary relations. This contributes to the
recognition of international commercial arbitration as the
most effective means of resolving such legal disputes.
International commercial arbitration shall settle foreign
economic disputes arising between entities of foreign
economic activity whose enterprises are registered in the
territories of different States and has become, particularlyin
the context of globalization, an integral part of the
international business infrastructure. The attractiveness of
international commercial arbitration to companies and
entrepreneurs of different countries, including foreign
investors, is related to its political neutrality, the freedom of
parties to choose arbitrators, Greater confidentiality and
effectiveness of the dispute settlement procedure, as well as
acceptance of the results of the procedure by the vast
majority of States.
The Model Law of The United Nations Commission on
International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)the international
character and balance of most of the formulations of which
embody the essential principles of the arbitration of
international commercial disputes and determine the legal
mechanism for regulating them. A review of the laws and
regulations of the standing international arbitration centres
of some countries reveals the undeniable merits of
international commercial arbitration versus business
disputes The Court of International Jurisdiction of a State.
These advantages apply both to the litigation procedure
itself, which is specifically designed to deal effectively with
commercial disputes between companies from different
countries, but also to the relevant procedural results.
One such country with great influence in the world of
arbitration is the United Kingdom. The usefulness of such a
territorial selection for this study is not random. The main
reason for this is that the United Kingdom is today a country
whose arbitration centres are known all over the world. It is
a State whose courts have been involvedinbothnational and
international disputes for many years.
Therefore, the study of the activities of international
commercial tribunals in the United Kingdom in the
examination and resolution of trade disputes and the
compilation of their practices is becoming increasingly
relevant.
This paper will deal with the manner in which commercial
disputes are heard and resolved in England and Wales, since
English law is limited to England and Wales, and although
Scotland and Northern Ireland are part of the United
Kingdom, each of them has separate jurisdictions.
Main part
The term «arbitration» in English is explained as «A non-
court alternative method of resolving disputes, where an
arbitrator or panel of arbitrators is appointed by the parties
to make a binding decision, from which there are very
limited grounds of challenge» [11]. Englishresearchersmost
often define arbitration by its distinctive characteristics.
Arbitration for commercial disputes is referred to in the
literature as "commercial arbitration". In England, most
researchers note the lack ofa cleardefinitionof«arbitration»
in both legislation and practice.
The widespread use ofalternative(ADR)commercial dispute
resolution in England does not diminish the role of
international commercial arbitration. The various ways of
settling commercial disputes and the active introduction of
alternative dispute resolution methods not only do not
diminish the role of commercial arbitration in England, but
also increase the substantive and procedural aspects and
legal aspects of its effectiveness in dealing with individual
commercial disputes by improving the choice of the
procedure for resolving such disputes and reducing the
overall burden on international commercial arbitration.
The English legal system has traditionally been geared
towards giving full support to the arbitrationproceedingsby
State courts. While, of course, it is possible here to challenge
a decision of international arbitration in serious violation of
the rights of one of the parties, such cases are not known
recently, because it is unlikelythatLondon-basedarbitrators
would allow one of the parties to be offended in the
arbitration proceedings.
Statistics
According to a recently published study on international
arbitration, 64% of the lawyers of large companies with
global business operations identified London as the best
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
ID: IJTSRD35809 | Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia Page 30
place to arbitrate (whereas Paris - 53% and Singapore -
39%) [12]. It is not by chance that the English capital has
gained this reputation, the English courts' attitude to
international arbitration and the activities of the London
Court of International Arbitration are the most significant
factors in the choice of experts.
Arbitral institutions
The London International Court of Arbitration («LCIA») is
one of the oldest and leading institutional institutions of
international arbitration, which administers the arbitration
efficiently and impartially, regardless of the location of the
parties and within any system of law. A.D. Kejlin pointed out
that the content of the London Court of Arbitration cases
«...deal with various issues arising in trade turnover, in
particular, disputes related to concluded trade transactions,
interpretation of their terms, execution etc.» [5, p15].
Established in 1892 and serving as the leading
administrative international arbitration institution in the
United Kingdom, LCIA is located in London and is highly
sought after by businessmen and lawyers from many
countries around the world who seek to ensure that their
international disputes are handled independently and
competently, as well as to ensure that arbitration is
supervised by English courts known for their positive
attitude to arbitration.
LCIA is a non-profit organization managed by the Board and
the Court. The LCIA Board, “made up largely of prominent
London-based arbitration practitioners, is principally
concerned with the operation and developmentoftheLCIA's
business and with its compliance with applicable company
law”, whereas the LCIA Court includes a President, six Vice
Presidents and up to 35 members, of whom only six can be
UK citizens at a time. In this way, the true international
character of the activities of LCIA isensured. Thefunctionsof
the LCIA Court are mainly“appointingtribunals,determining
challenges to arbitrators, and controlling costs” [4].
However, the full Court does not administer individual cases
– these functions are delegatedinaccordancewithArticle 3.1
of the to the President and Vice Presidents of LCIA [8]. They
offer a combination of the best features of the civil and
common law systems, including in particular:
Maximum flexibility for partiesandtribunalstoagreeon
procedural matters
Speed and efficiency in the appointment of arbitrators,
including expedited procedures
Means of reducing delays and counteracting delaying
tactics
Emergency arbitrator provisions
Tribunals' power to decide on their own jurisdiction
A range of interim and conservatory measures
Tribunals' power to order security for claims and for
costs
Special powers for joinder of third parties and
consolidation
Waiver of right of appeal
Costs computed without regard to the amounts in
dispute
Staged deposits - parties are not required to pay for the
whole arbitration in advance [9].
The procedure of arbitration proceedings of LCIA is
determined by special rules issued by this court. Thecurrent
rules of the London International court of Arbitration
entered into force on 1 October 2014 and apply to
arbitration proceedings initiatedonorafterthatdate.“These
LCIA Rules comprise this Preamble, the Articles and the
Index, together with the Annex to the LCIA Rules and the
Schedule of Costs as both from time to time may be
separately amended by the LCIA Rules” [7].
These rules contain a number of new features, such as:
LCIA arbitration tribunals are explicitly empowered to
impose costs sanctions on parties who engage in ‘non-
cooperation resulting in undue delay
Party representatives are deemed to have agreed to
abide by principles of ethical conduct set out in the
Annex to the 2014 LCIA Rules
New rules were adopted for the appointment of
emergency arbitrators [4,p125].
Thus, attractiveness of the London Court of International
Arbitration for companies and entrepreneurs from different
countries, including foreign investors, is largely due to:
Its continuing status of the largest financial center and
world market
Its reputation as a neutral and impartial jurisdiction
Accounting for the activities of courts in enforcing
arbitration agreements and awards [2].
This is also evidenced by the statistics of the number of
appeals to this court. According to LCIA’s 2019 Annual
Casework Report, a record number of arbitrations were
referred to the LCIA - 406 cases, of which 346 were referred
under the LCIA Rules, with non-UK parties accounting for
81% of its users. In 20% of those cases where the claims
were quantified, the sum claimed was betweenUSD5million
and USD50 million, with the sum claimed exceeding USD50
million in a further 9% of cases. Trending industries once
again included banking and finance, energy and resources,
and transport and commodities (accounting for 32%, 22%
and 15% of disputes respectively). Moreover, one of the
distinctive features of LCIA, to date, is the leadership in
gender diversity, with a further increase in the overall
number of female arbitrators inLCIAarbitrations(163out of
566) – representing 29% of all arbitrator appointments,
compared with 23% in 2018 [10, p2].
In addition to the LCIA, there are a number of other
institutions that are commonly used in international
arbitrations held in England and Wales: International
Chamber of Commerce (ICC), London Maritime Arbitrators
Association, Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb), etc.
Arbitration Law
In the history of arbitration law in England,manyarbitration
laws were adopted, which laid the foundation for the
development of arbitration law in England. One of the last
significant statutes is Arbitration Act 1996 of England [1] of
17 June 1996 (entered into force on 31 January1997),which
relates to arbitration in England&WalesorNorthernIreland
(Section 2) and is based on the freely expressed will of the
parties, provides Contracting parties with a number of
appropriate tools that providethegreatestpossiblecertainty
as to the interpretation and fate of theircontractual relations
in the event of a trade dispute. Although the Arbitration Act
of 1996 contains many of the principles enshrined in
UNCITRAL (UN Commission on International Trade Law),
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
ID: IJTSRD35809 | Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia Page 31
but it has some important differences, including the
following:
The 1996 Act applies to all forms of arbitration,whereas
the Model Law only applies to international commercial
arbitration;
Under 1996 Act, a party may appeal anarbitral awardon
a point of law (unless agreed otherwise);
Under 1996 Act, an English court is only able to stay its
own proceedings and cannot refer a matter to
arbitration;
The default provisions of the 1996 Act for the
appointment of arbitrators provide for the appointment
of a sole arbitrator as opposed to three arbitrators;
Under 1996 Act, where each party is requiredtoappoint
an arbitrator, a party may treat its party-nominated
arbitrator as the sole arbitrator in the event that the
other party fails to make an appointment;
There is no time limit for a party to oppose the
appointment of an arbitrator under the 1996 Act;
The 1996 Act does not prescribe strict rules for the
exchange of pleadings.
English courts demonstrate a pro-arbitration attitude by
defending and supporting theparties'agreementtoarbitrate
their disputes. This support may include suspension of
proceedings in English when the case is to be submitted to
arbitration (Section 9), or temporary proceedingsinsupport
of arbitration by suspension of proceedings or injunction
(Section 44).
The 1996 law expressly requires that the settlement of
arbitration disputes be fair and uninterrupted (Section 1)
and that the arbitrator be impartial (Section 33). Based on
the authority granted to the court to remove the arbitrator
(Section 24), the arbitrator must also have the qualifications
required by the arbitration agreement and be physicallyand
mentally capable of conducting the proceedings.
It is also worth noting that, the 1996 Act cannot have any
relations to cases, that were initiated prior to the date on
which the 1996 Act came into force. Therefore, the overall
impact of the new Act may take some time to bring to the
attention of those who use English arbitration.
Conclusion
This study has shown that, international commercial
arbitration in England has long been part of the system of
foreign trade, having established itself as a reliable place for
resolving disputes complicated by foreign elements. Having
incorporated a high level of support for the arbitration
procedure, it has become really flexible and efficient thanks
to its laws and courts that are very respectful of arbitration
and guarantee minimal involvement in arbitration
proceedings, as well as many experienced arbitrators and
lawyers based in London or in neighboring European
jurisdictions.
In addition, a competent international lawyer will be able to
choose an arbitration clause that corresponds to any
contract, from multi-billion-dollar investments to the
delivery of a small batch of inexpensive goods. A party to a
dispute that makes full use of the English law grantedtoit by
the applicable arbitration rules will havethefull opportunity
to present its own position, despite the fact that the
arbitrators will be foreign specialists.
At the same time, recognizing some of the shortcomings and
problems of English arbitration, arbitration institutions will
improve their legal frameworks and expand the
opportunities for parties to obtain interim measures of
protection.
Apart from that, there has been some discussion as to
whether Brexit will have any impact on the practice of
arbitration in London. A 2018 survey carried out by the
Queen Mary University of London determined, that more
than half of the respondents, who took part in the survey,
think that Brexit will not have any affect to English
arbitration [13]. They believe that its ‘formal legal structure’
is likely to remain unchanged and to continue to support
arbitration. The reasons for this, as noted by legal experts,
are following:
“First, the United Kingdom will remaina signatorytothe
New York Convention and the pro-enforcementattitude
of the courts will continue;
Second, the legislation governingarbitrationwill remain
unchanged as this is domestic rather that European;
Third, Brexit will not materially change the substantive
content and application of English law as a governing
law should not remain a popular choice for parties in
their international contracts;
Fourth, Brexit may make arbitration more attractive for
commercial parties as court judgments will nolongerbe
enforceable under the Brussels Regulation (recast),
Regulation 1215/2012 after Brexit is completed;
Fifth, Brexit may mean that Englishcourtscanissueanti-
suit injunctions to restrain parties from bringing
proceedings before courts of a European Member State.
Sixth, the UK’s obligations under EU law maysometimes
conflict with its obligations under arbitration-related
treaties (such as the Washington Convention) but this
will no longer be the case” [3].
From the above, we can conclude that arbitration in England
will remain in its high position among other arbitrations in
the world for many years to come and will continue its
dynamic growth in attracting more and more international
disputes around the world.
Bibliography:
[1] Arbitration Act 1996
(https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/23/co
ntents).
[2] Berard M., Kirkpatrick A. Arbitration procedures and
practice in the UK (England and Wales): overview,
Clifford Chance LLP, 2015-2016.
[3] ICLG – International Arbitration Laws and
Regulations: England & Wales, 2019.
[4] JonesA, McAllisterG., NormanE., LairdJ. Getting the
Deal Through – Arbitration 2017: England & Wales,
Crowell & Moring LLP, 2017, 125-137 p.
[5] KejlinA. D. Sudoustrojstvo i grazhdanskij process
kapitalisticheskihgosudarstv, Vneshtorgizdat,
Moscow, 1961, 15 p.
[6] LCIA Arbitration Rules (2014)
(https://www.lcia.org/Dispute_Resolution_Services/l
cia-arbitration-rules2014.aspx#Article%203).
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ID: IJTSRD35809 | Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia Page 32
[7] LCIA Arbitration Rules (2014)
(https://www.lcia.org/Dispute_Resolution_Services/l
cia-arbitration-rules-2014.aspx#Preamble).
[8] Official cite of LCIA
(https://www.lcia.org/LCIA/organisation.aspx).
[9] Official cite of LCIA
(https://www.lcia.org/Dispute_Resolution_Services/L
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