effective

2. Class: MCS(1st)
Presented by: Muneeba Qamar
Presented to: Sir Raheel
Session: 2016-2018

3. Presentation topic:
Internetworking

4. What is an internetwork?
An internetwork is a collection of
individual networks, connected by
intermediate networking devices,
that functions as a single large
network.
.

5. Connecting devices

6. Networking Devices
These devices actually connects different stations in
the same stations in the same networks OR different
segments of the same networks.
Following are the network devices:
 Repeaters
 Bridgess

7. Repeaters
A repeater (or regenerator) is an electronic device that
operates on only the physical layer of the OSI model.
Repeater receives the signals and transmits it at a higher
level OR higher power.
A repeater does not actually connect two LANS; it
connects two segments of the same LAN.
A
B
Repeater
C
D

8. Bridges
 Bridges operate in both the physical and the data link
layers of the OSI model.
 Bridges can divide a large network into smaller
segments. They contain logic that allows them to keep
the traffic on each segment separate. When a frame (or
packet) enters a bridge, the bridge not only regenerates
the signal but checks the destination address and
forwards the new copy only to the segment the address
belong.

9. Bridges
 A bridge operates in both the physical and the data
link layers.
 As a physical layer device, it regenerates the signal
it receives
 A bridge has filtering capability. It can check the
destination address of a frame and decide if the
frame should be forwarded or dropped. If the frame
is to be forwarded, the decision must specify the
port

10. Internetworking Devices
 Internetworking devices are products used to
connect networks.
 As computer network grows in size and complexity,
so do the internetworking devices used to connect
them.
Broadly, following are the Internetworking devices:
o Routers
o Gateways

11. Routers
 Routers have access to network layer addresses and
contain software that enables them to determine
which of several possible paths between those
addresses is the best for a particular transmission.
 Routers operate in the physical, data link, and
network layers of the OSI model.

12. Routers
 Routers relay packets among multiple
interconnected networks. They route packets from
one network to any of a number of potential
destination networks on an internet.

13. Gateways
 Gateways potentially operate in all seven layers of
the OSI model.

14. Gateways
 A gateway is a protocol converter. A router by itself
transfers, accepts, and relays packets only across
networks using similar protocols.
 A gateway can accept a packet formatted for one
protocol (e.g. AppleTalk) and convert it to a packet
for another protocol (e.g. TCP/IP).
 A gateway is generally software installed within a
router. The gateway understands the protocols
used by each network linked into the router and is
therefore able to translate from one to another.