Literature circles involve small groups of students gathering to discuss a piece of literature. Students guide the discussion based on their own responses and reactions to what they have read. Literature circles were first created in 1982 but gained popularity after further research established their benefits, which include promoting critical thinking, student choice, and collaboration. They work by having students choose texts and meet regularly in temporary groups to discuss the texts, with discussions guided by student-selected roles and open-ended questions. The teacher facilitates the groups but does not lead instruction, instead observing and providing support.