Institutional Identifiers in Practice: Christine Orr at CESSE 2015
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Christine Orr, North American Sales Director for Ringgold, spoke at the CESSE 2015 annual meeting session 'Adding Value to Your Process: Supporting Researchers and Data Requirements'.
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Institutional Identifiers in Practice: Christine Orr at CESSE 2015
- 1. Institutional Identifiers in Practice 16 July 2015
- 2. Today’s Agenda 1. Ringgold Introduction 2. Entity Management: People, Places, and Things 3. Identifiers in the Scholarly Space 4. Open Access Case Study 5. Recommendations & Best Practices
- 3. Provide structured, authoritative data about two entity types Institutions • Identify Database • Identify Audit Service: data normalization • Consortia Directory Online Scholarly Works Books & ebooks: Abstracts and bibliographic data to drive discovery, purchase, and use
- 4. Ringgold’s Vision A scholarly supply chain where information and data about subscribers, authors, readers, and content is able to flow easily and without confusion. Trust in data increases, and more confident decisions can be made. Founded 2005
- 5. Identify & Ringgold ID: Broad Adoption by Publishers & Intermediaries… • Copyright Clearance Center – RightsLink for Open Access • Aries Editorial Manager • ScholarOne Manuscripts (coming soon) • ORCID – Identify used for institutional affiliation module • Advantage Computing Systems – multiple client integrations • SalesForce – multiple client integrations • 50+ scholarly publishers such as Elsevier, OUP, CUP, ProQuest, PLOS, Sage, T&F, Wolters Kluwer, Kudos…
- 6. …and by Associations • AAAS • American Academy of Pediatrics • American Chemical Society • American College of Physicians • American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics • American Institute of Physics • American Medical Association • American Psychological Association • American Society for Microbiology • American Society of Hematology • American Thoracic Society • ASTM International • British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery • Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET) • IOP Publishing • Massachusetts Medical Society (NEJM) • Radiological Society of North America • RCN Publishing • The Royal Society • Royal Society of Chemistry • SAO/NASA Astrophysical Data System • Society for Exploration Geophysicists • Society for Neuroscience
- 7. ENTITY MANAGEMENT IN SCHOLARLY RESEARCH People, Places, and Content
- 8. What do we need to identify & describe? Authors, Members, Editors, Readers, Researchers Licensees, Publishers, Funders, Intermediaries, Affiliations Books, Journals, Articles, Grants, Citations
- 9. What are standard identifiers? • Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated with a single entity • Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content
- 10. Disambiguate aka enforce uniqueness Institutions that have the same name, but are actually different… Ringgold ID 1848 Northeastern University (Boston, USA) Ringgold ID 12434 Northeastern University (Shenyang, China)
- 11. *This means data that can be linked together through unambiguous identification and exchanged with others Governed Trusted Transparent And link to appropriate metadata In order to be effective, identifiers must be:
- 12. What can high quality data help us to achieve? Tactical support for day to day operations Strategic planning Develop new information
- 13. IDENTIFIERS: A SAMPLING Differences in scope & purpose
- 14. Personal Identifiers International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) www.isni.org Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) www.orcid.org And many proprietary IDs: Scopus Author ID - Elsevier ResearcherID - Thomson Reuters
- 16. ISNI: International Standard Name Identifier • ISO Standard 27729 • ISNI is designed to be a “bridge identifier” to join other data sets. • Covers any type of entity that might appear in a library catalogue record: person or institution. ISNI Number Party ID 2Ringgold ID Identify Metadata & Hierarchies Proprietary Information and/or Metadata
- 17. ISNI – Personal Record
- 18. Institutional Identifiers • ISNI • Ringgold Identifier • FundRef
- 19. ISNI – Institutional Record
- 20. Ringgold Identifier: Institutions currently active in the scholarly supply chain • Numerical ID applied to each record in the Identify Database • Format is 4-6 digits • Created by Ringgold’s team of researchers (manual process) • Global coverage • All sectors: .edu, .gov., .com, .org • All roles: licensees, publishers, funders, intermediaries • 415K institutions and growing
- 21. Identify Database in 3: Identifies unique institutions…..
- 22. Catalogs & describes each using Identify Data Elements Current • Ringgold Identifier • Name: official & alternatives • Location • URL/domain • Size metrics • Tier assignments: JISC, Carnegie, Ringgold • Authentication: Athens, IPs • Ringgold Type: sector & subject • Links: Hierarchical & consortia • ISNI matched to each Identify record • Expanded descriptive metadata: – Granular subjects – Reach, sites – Economic model, governance – Level within hierarchy – Mission, description – Activity status
- 23. Organizes them into hierarchies (aka “family trees”)
- 25. FundRef
- 26. IDENTIFIERS IN SUPPORT OF OPEN ACCESS CCC’s RightsLink for Open Access
- 27. Challenge: Correct Application of APC Discounts / Waivers • Multiple systems & data sources involved • Lack of standard references • Complex criteria + complex institutional relationships Solution: Get everyone speaking the same language
- 28. RightsLink for Open Access: Typical Workflow Publisher •Provides CCC a list of eligible institutions with Ringgold IDs, per Ringgold Identify Audit or CCC mapping Author •Chooses affiliation from Ringgold-enabled list via •MSS submission (Aries, ScholarOne) OR •CCC RightsLink for Open Access CCC •Captures author affiliation and Ringgold ID •Compares affiliation to list of eligible institutions using Ringgold IDs and hierarchies •Calculates proper APC
- 29. Author view: CCC
- 30. Discounts can be triggered via Identify hierarchy or other metadata elements
- 31. • Correct APC discounts & waivers applied • Publisher’s business rules supported • Records enhanced with key metadata and Ringgold IDs • Reporting fueled by accurate data
- 32. Elements of Best Practice at Work Data integration & linking Free text entries for affiliations are minimized in webforms Single institutional authority file Hierarchical links provide relational authority Powers business intelligence
- 33. Individual + Institution IDs = Benefits for Stakeholders • Funders – Want to track areas of interest, identify worthwhile pursuits, and see where their money goes • Institutions – Demonstrate research output more accurately and precisely describe the institution’s contribution and who is affiliated with that work • Publishers – Facilitate transactions of all types from content discovery to delivery of author royalties. Improved market analysis and targeted advertising. Accurately deliver content, calculate APCs • Societies – Understand their membership, total constituency, and institutional impact
- 34. RECOMMENDATIONS & CONSIDERATIONS Practical advice about what to do when approaching identifiers
- 35. Recommendations • Create the most complete metadata possible – for all entity types & roles • Adhere to standards and identifiers which are broadly adopted (e.g. ORCID, ISBN, ISSN, DOIs, Ringgold ID, ISNI) • Require authors & members to establish an ORCID profile • Minimize manual entry of data • Improve data capture to require an ID upon record creation
- 36. Considerations • Which records & entities require IDs? – Old vs new • How to apply them? – In-house resources required to join existing records to IDs or authority file – Outside partners to help w metadata development, application of IDs, data strategy • How to leverage them? – New reporting & analysis tools to leverage newly linked datasets
- 38. THANK YOU Christine Orr Sales Director, North America christine.orr@ringgold.com Tel: 540.359.6620 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-3330 www.ringgold.com @ringgoldinc Clean Data. Confident Decisions.
Editor's Notes
- And very often, the same person might play different roles – and therefore be found in multiple data sets. SLA example.
- Also: there are plenty of institutions which share the same acronym, or are known by different official names – think different languages. This happens more often than you think…… So, you cannot disambiguate on name alone – you’d need a second data element, location…and that’s inefficient, and makes for poor data quality control & management.
- You’ll note that I’ve used the term “Standard Identifiers” as opposed to just “Standards”… I’ll be focusing on using standard identifiers as the main data hooks that will allow us to aggregate information for the purpose of synthesizing knowledge. Interoperability implies communication; how we communicate something is very different than how we describe things. I should take a moment to clarify that the Ringgold ID is not a standard – not an ISO Certified standard, in any case, but in many cases, our data has become a defacto standard through application; some of you might be wondering what then constitutes a big “S” Standards – if any system uses a predefined taxonomy as an authority file to validate data (thereby achieving identify data entries for each and every instance it is needed) then a standard has been achieved. How data is exchanged is quite different than the data itself, and of course, standards may be applied to both. For my part, I’m going to talk about the data itself, not how it is exchanged– So, in terms of the data itself, what are we trying to standardize? Descriptions – the wrapper around highly unique content. More importantly, as an industry—as a species, really—we are creating data elements that can be interpreted by machines – I should say, easily interpreted by machines – I’ll come back to this topic near the end of my presentation.
- Regardless of our business model, open access or traditional subscriptions, we need to make decisions upon a solid foundation, interoperate with all manner of systems, and facilitate sharing of data throughout the virtuous cycle of research, from researcher to reader. Tactical: customer service, APC calculation & application, helping different systems to interoperate & share data. Strategic: move away from “anecdata” make business decisions based on facts and trends. Analysis – how’s that OA journal doing? Develop new information: Create data overlays that may tell us new stories, and help us develop new services. Answer questions we’ve never been able to confidently state before: where have we got authors and no subscriptions? Overlay authors & reviewers to ensure there is no conflict of interest. Reveal new interdisciplinary collaborations.
- More than 1.4M and counting,
- International Standard Name Identifier: Scope = entities that may be found in library catalogs, ie, published works. Creators, publishers, subjects. Covers people (past, present, real, fictional, groups) and institutions such as publishers.
- Of most interest in the OA discussion…..
- ID applied to each record in a Ringgold Identify Database record; here is a sample.
- What it is:
- Funders currently active. This is a registry run by CrossRef, populated via data which is sourced from Elsevier.
- Most publishers offer some level of discount or waiver based on affiliation: specific institutions, classes of institutions (per country or org type).
- Authors don’t need to know their RIN, multiple orgs using the same standards & vocabulary. Prevent duplicate account / record creation Breaks down silos by enabling systems to be compared and linked Keep data up-to-date and systems synchronised Improve accuracy in reporting
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- Identifiers become more meaningful, more powerful, more effective, when they are used broadly and frequently.