Moffatt & Nichol provides inspection and rehabilitation engineering services for marine structures. They perform above and below water inspections to assess degradation and damage. Their services include material testing, service life modeling, and developing rehabilitation plans and construction monitoring. Their goal is to provide cost-effective solutions to extend the service life of ports, bridges, and other infrastructure.

1. Inspection and Rehabilitation

2. Moffatt & Nichol, internationally recognized
experts in waterfront structural engineering
and marine design, provides clients with
engineering services directed towards the
extension of service life. The focus of these
efforts is on existing marine structures,
bridges and other engineered structures for
port, military, and transportation clients. The
firm offers service life/durability modeling
capabilities to provide significant added value
to projects.
Services are performed by registered
engineers and engineer-divers who understand
the structural significance of observed
degradation and damage. The result is
effective assessments and engineered
solutions for cost-conscious clients. The
recommendations are commonly translated
into construction projects resulting in
rehabilitation and/or facility modernization.

3. Inspection and Rehabilitation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Above Water Inspection 2
Below Water Inspection 4
Material Sampling and Testing 6
Service Life Modeling 7
Bridge Inspection 8
Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design 9
Construction Phase Services 10
Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action 11
Inspection and Rehabilitation - a Global Practice 16

4. 2
Above Water Inspection
Moffatt & Nichol personnel approach each inspection and re-
habilitation project with a solid methodical and analytical
engineering-based process. Experienced in a wide variety of struc-
tures and diverse environments, the company is well equipped to
carry out inspections from simple, straightforward tasks to more
intricate projects that require complex material sampling and test-
ing regimens.
Inspection of structures requires a safe, well thought-out
approach, particularly in difficult-access scenarios commonly
found underneath pier and bridge structures; with in-roadway
inspection; and other hard-to-access locations.
Services include concrete degradation surveys; above and below
deck inspection of piers, wharves and bridges; material sampling
and testing; excavation and testing of buried structures; inspection
of mechanical and electrical utilities; and cathodic protection
system inspection.
Hard-to-access Structures
Below Deck Inspection
Using a man-
lift to perform
underdeck
inspection –
portion of field
notes shown
below
Confined-space entry and bridge snoopers are
commonly used during inspection
Navy Pier Rehabilitation, Unified Port of San Diego

5. Inspection and Rehabilitation 3
Above Water Inspection
Corrosion-related concrete damage surveysAboveandbelowdeckinspectionofpiers,wharves
and bridges
Material sampling/mooring hardware inspection
Inspection of mechanical and electrical utilities
Excavation and testing of buried structures
Examination of cathodic protection systems
Typical utilities include steam, compressed air, waste water, potable
water, oily waste, electrical switchgear and transformers
Hands-on inspection
and testing of structural
members
Manlift for access to timber pier
Extracting concrete cores for
petrographic analysis
Excavating to expose a closed-cell steel
sheet pile cofferdam
Inspection of mooring
hardware and foundations
Inspection of tie-
rods and deadman
structures
Inspection and assessment of coatings and life-cycle perfor-
mance of steel structures in the marine environment
Documenting below deck damage

6. 4
Below Water Inspection
Below water structural engineering inspections are con-
ducted with a dual emphasis - safe diving operations and
the placement of experienced structural engineers in the
marine environment. Moffatt & Nichol maintains a team of
more than 40 strategically-located engineer-divers, ready to
respond to below water inspection assignments throughout
the U. S. and around the globe.
The firm’s personnel perform dive operations with a careful
assessment of safety, environmental and task requirements
in a wide variety of above and below water climatic conditions,
including limited visibility (turbid water), currents, confined
conditions and extremely cold water. Moffatt & Nichol
maintains strategically located dive vessels and support
craft to enable personnel to gain access to most operational
facilities.
Below water inspections are conducted in
strict accordance with the firm’s in-house
“Safe Diving and Vessel Operations Manual.”
Moffatt & Nichol is certified by the Association
of Diving Contractors International (ADCI) and
performs diving operations in compliance
with ADCI, OSHA and Army Corps of Engineer
requirements.
LEVEL III INSPECTION
Material sampling and/or testing
LEVEL II INSPECTION
Close visual examination (removal of
marine growth) of structural elements
LEVEL I INSPECTION
General reconnaisance (“swim-by”) of
structure
Moffatt & Nichol places
engineers in the water
to evaluate engineering
problems. The firm’s
divers have the expertise,
equipment and experience
to safely inspect and assess
submerged structures.
These inspections produce
innovative repairs leading
to rehabilitation and extension of service life of vital infrastructure.
Below Water inspection work is based upon The American
Society of Civil Engineers Standard Practice Manual No. 101,
“Underwater Investigations.” Three Moffatt & Nichol principals
were contributing authors.
Engineer-Divers

7. Inspection and Rehabilitation 5
Moffatt & Nichol’s engineer-divers routinely perform inspections of piers and wharves; seawalls and bulkheads;
graving docks; cable arrays and ranges; rock structures (revetments and breakwaters); marinas; debris surveys;
outfalls; and miscellaneous marine facilities.
Below Water Inspection
Timber Structures Concrete Structures Steel Structures
Timber pile remnant after marine borer
attack.
Remnants of a hollow pre-stressed concrete pile
damaged by delayed ettringite formation.
Uneven corrosion pattern on steel
H-pile.
Portion of demolished ship superstructure located as part
of a debris survey.
Debris Survey
Locating steel beams, cable and rope to be removed
prior to sheet pile installation

8. 6
Material Sampling and Testing
The effect of the marine environment on structural mate-
rials can be harsh and unforgiving. The service life and
structural capacity of elements composed of reinforced con-
crete, structural steel, timber, and composites are affected
by limited inspection and lack of routine maintenance.
Moffatt & Nichol’s engineers are highly skilled in the above
and below water sampling, testing and assessment of
materials. This Inspection and Rehabilitation (I&R) skill-
set, coupled with structural engineering expertise, allows
for the evaluation and diagnosis of material degradation
- ultimately resulting in innovative rehabilitation schemes
aimed at maintaining or increasing load capacity; extension
of service life; and return-on-investment.
Sampling and testing
techniques include:
Concrete
core sampling•
compressive strength testing•
chloride ion testing•
petrographic analysis•
scanning electron microscopy•
concrete chemistry•
transport properties•
corrosion mapping (ASTM C-876)•
reinforcing bar location and concrete•
cover readings
corrosion damage assessment•
reinforcing bar sampling and testing•
corrosion rate measurement•
Structural Steel
ultrasonic thickness measurements•
coating evaluations•
half-cell potential measurements•
coupon extraction and testing•
cathodic protection system inspection•
and evaluation
Timber
dissolved oxygen testing•
core sampling•
creosote retention•
wood type / property / strength testing•

9. Inspection and Rehabilitation 7
Service Life Modeling
Moffatt & Nichol uses Stadium®
, a service life
prediction modeling software, as a design
tool. This validated software achieves a reliable
and quantifiable estimate of service life for new
concrete infrastructure and the remaining service
life of existing structures. Tailored design recom-
mendations can be produced to suit clients needs,
assuring optimum return on their investments.
Using state-of-the art inspection and forensic
techniques, Moffatt & Nichol can reliably forecast
future performance of a given concrete structure.
Stadium®
software combines the ion migration of
chlorides with solid phase concrete degradation
mechanisms. Through field sampling and
laboratory testing, existing and potential
degradation mechanisms can be identified, and
intervention alternatives determined. These tools
supplement detailed condition assessments and
help predict service life, allowing life cycle costing
of future maintenance and repairs that meet client
expectations.
This work typically involves:
Field Sample Collection and Testing
coring for chloride ion sampling•
corrosion measurements•
coring for petrographic analysis•
coring for transport properties•
Laboratory Testing
chloride ion testing•
petrographic / scanning electron microscopy•
concrete transport properties•
Deterioration Mechanisms
chloride ion - induced corrosion•
carbonation - induced corrosion•
external sulfate attack•
delayed ettringite formation•
Identification of Intervention Alternatives
sealants•
cathodic protection system•
internal coatings•
external coatings / jackets / wraps•
chloride extraction•
Drying test apparatus
Typical screen menu from “STADIUM®
” service life modeling software

10. 8
Bridge Inspection
Admiral Clarey Bridge to Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, HIFort Madison Bridge, IA
Shockoe Bottom Viaduct, Richmond, VA
Moffatt & Nichol provides bridge inspec-
tion services to the U. S. Navy, numer-
ous departments of Transportation (DOTs)
and other infrastructure owners. This work
typically involves aspects of above and below
water inspection; material sampling and test-
ing; and specific inspection related to fracture-
critical members and bridge scour. The firm
has numerous engineering personnel holding
National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS)
certification as Inspection Team Leader as de-
veloped by the National Highway Institute.
This work is often accomplished in association
with Moffatt & Nichol’s well-established
Transportation Practice – the firm having
developed significant experience in bridge
design throughout the United States and
internationally as represented by landmark
projects such as San Francisco - Oakland Bay
Bridge and Virginia Dare Bridge. Highway 24 Bridge over the Columbia River, WA
Use of bridge snooper for below deck inspection

11. Inspection and Rehabilitation 9
State-of-the-art PS&Es are prepared by
the same engineer-divers that performed
investigations. These qualified personnel are
in a unique position to expertly and efficiently
translate findings and deliver cost-effective
PS&E - ensuring that nothing is lost in the
process. These materials can be used for
soliciting construction services to execute the
work in either conventional “design-bid-build”
or “design-build” procurement methods.
Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design
Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering
Design Services include:
structural repair - timber/steel/concrete•
complete facility rehabilitation / modernization•
structural analysis / load capacity of existing•
structures (pile-supported structures, cranes/
forklifts and mooring hardware)
berthing and mooring analysis (mooring•
hardware load-testing)
preparation of design/build RFP solicitation•
packages
existing facility assessment•
Once Moffatt & Nichol
engineer-diver personnel
have established the above
andbelowwater condition of a
structure, and have overseen
any necessary follow-on ma-
terial sampling and testing,
the same personnel are in a
position to prepare reports,
plans, specifications and
cost estimates (PS&E) for
execution of repairs. These
repairs are made on the basis
of facility sustainment, reha-
bilitation or modernization.

12. 10
RailConstruction Phase Services
The repair methodology that is developed after
the inspection process involves the application
of unique processes in adverse locations and
environments. This work is typically associated
withaboveandbelowwaterconstruction–often
in response to fluctuating tidal and weather
conditions. The same personnel that are
responsible for the inspection, assessment and
design of repairs supervise the rehabilitation
process.
Moffatt & Nichol engineer-divers routinely
monitor the progress and quality of contractor
efforts in the field to verify that the work is in
compliance with the plans and specifications,
removing uncertainty from the construction
process. Effortsaremadetoensureeconomical
use of unit-price materials and protection of
the environment – resulting in effective repairs
designed to extend the service life of the
structure.
This work may involve:
confined space entry•
below water inspection•
night-time tide-related observation•
rapid deployment of engineer-divers•
quick response to emergent conditions•
general construction observation•
Inspection of concrete repair and restoration
is a specialty of the firm and includes:
mark-out of concrete repair areas•
measurement of demolition and repair quantities•
“28-day” follow-on inspection•

13. Inspection and Rehabilitation 11
RailInspection and Rehabilitation in Action
The projects illustrated
on the following pages
showcase facilities
where the Moffatt &
Nichol Inspection and
Rehabilitation process
has been successfully
implemented…
Partial List of Clients
US Navy
US Coast Guard
City of Norfolk
Port of Los Angeles
The Port Authority of New York &
New Jersey
Port of Long Beach
Port of San Diego
Port of Seattle
North Carolina State Port Authority
Port Metro Vancouver
Port of Tacoma
Tampa Port Authority
Georgia Port Authority
Philadelphia Regional Port
Authority
New York City
Economic
Development
Corporation
Washington State
Department of
Transportation
ExxonMobil
ConocoPhillips
BP
Chevron
British Gas, Tunisia
Kuşadasi Port, Turkey
Atlantic LNG, Trinidad

14. Repair, Rehabilitation & Preservation
Inspection and Rehabilitation 13
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
9
10
11
RepairProcess
Drill 20” diameter hole
Drive 30’ long steel H-pile
Form and place below water concrete
Remove marine growth
Set steel sheet pile
Drill and place steel wale
Place cementitious backfill
Form and cast concrete cap
Place new foam-filled fenders
Dredge to -42.0 MLLW
Place closed-cell concrete mat
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action
12
The Port of San Diego’s 10th Avenue Marine Terminal was
constructed in 1956 by placing a mass rock and concrete
wall (cyclopean seawall) to retain a 96-acre land mass.
Forty years later, the seawall was found to be severely
compromised with 3 – 4 ton rocks falling out of the face -
creating large voids. Moffatt & Nichol Blaylock engineer-divers
performed Inspection & Rehabilitation services to define
the problem, assess the severity, develop the solution, and
monitor the construction.
This $16 million award-winning project was completed six
months ahead of schedule and $1 million under budget.
The I&R-based engineering solution resulted in a 50 year
extension of service life as
opposed to costly demolition
and replacement.
Project highlights included:
engineer-divers•
materials testing•
engineering reports•
plans specifications and cost•
estimates
construction period services•
concrete placed below water•
using anti-washout mixture
I&R Services Extends Service Life of Port of San Diego’s 10th
Avenue Marine Terminal

15. 14 Inspection and Rehabilitation 15
Repair, Rehabilitation & Preservation
Pier4After
The result of this process was the modernization of mission critical pier facilities with extended
service life at a fraction of the cost associated with demolition and construction of new piers.
1 Repair existing pile cap
and piles
Abandon existing concrete
deck and beams
Place new pile cap dowels
Remove existing top
side utilities. Place new
concrete deck
Install new electrical/
mechanical utilities
Place new fender systems
2
1
3
4
5
6
1
3
The Naval Facilities Engineering Command had scheduled
Pier 1 for conventional “cut and patch” concrete repairs.
This was done to address extensive reinforcing steel
corrosion-related damage and general deterioration of the
facility. Moffatt & Nichol performed above and below water
field investigations and, after preliminary engineering
analysis, proposed an alternate engineering solution that
consisted of the following:
Rehabilitation of substructure (piling and pile caps)•
Construction of new reinforced concrete deck (on top•
of the old deck)
Improvement of pier deck load capacity for mobile•
truck cranes
Upgrade of utility services (steam, potable water,•
compressed air, waste water and electrical).
Upgrade of mooring hardware and fender systems•
Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action
“New Deck Approach” Rehabilitates World War II-Era Piers 1, 3, 4
and 5 at Naval Base San Diego
Pier4Before
repair
inspection
newdeck
RepairProcess
2
5
6
4

16. 16
Inspection and Rehabilitation, A Global Practice
LNG Facility, Cove Point, MD
Marine Oil Terminal, Clifton Ridge,
Lake Charles, LA
Embarcadero Facilities, Unified Port of San Diego, CA
Pearl Harbor, HI
Victor Wharf, Guam
LNG Dock, Tunisia
Moffatt & Nichol engineer-divers are strategically located to mobilize
on a local or global basis
June 2010

18. Corporate Office:
3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 750
Long Beach, California 90806
phone: 562-590-6500
fax: 562-590-6512
www.moffattnichol.com