The document discusses the .NET framework and Common Language Runtime (CLR). It explains that CLR provides a common execution environment for all .NET languages. When code is compiled, it is converted to an intermediate language (IL) rather than native machine code, allowing it to run on multiple platforms. The runtime just-in-time (JIT) compiles IL to native code during execution. This allows portability and language interoperability.
The how-dare-you-call-me-an-idiot’s guide to the .NET Standard (NDC London 2017)citizenmatt
After the initial excitement of .NET Core wore off (Cross platform! Open source!), we realised there were a few things missing. APIs, mostly.
Oh, and compatibility with a lot of your favourite libraries and packages. Fortunately, the .NET Standard is here to fix all of this, adding back APIs, restoring compatibility and even replacing PCLs. This talk is all about the How and the Why, mixed in with a healthy dose of Why Should I Care. We'll even have a little geek out over the technical details. If type forwarding can't restore your excitement levels to fever pitch, I don’t know what will!
(Slides from NDC London 2017)
The how-dare-you-call-me-an-idiot’s guide to the .NET Standard (NDC London 2017)citizenmatt
After the initial excitement of .NET Core wore off (Cross platform! Open source!), we realised there were a few things missing. APIs, mostly.
Oh, and compatibility with a lot of your favourite libraries and packages. Fortunately, the .NET Standard is here to fix all of this, adding back APIs, restoring compatibility and even replacing PCLs. This talk is all about the How and the Why, mixed in with a healthy dose of Why Should I Care. We'll even have a little geek out over the technical details. If type forwarding can't restore your excitement levels to fever pitch, I don’t know what will!
(Slides from NDC London 2017)
This slide consists for information regarding .NET Framework and Its features. The content describe how .NET Programs are compiled. CLR, CTS and CLS are also described.
we offer online IT training with placements, project assistance in different platforms with real time industry consultants to provide quality training for all it professionals, corporate clients and students etc.
.NET online training by quontrasolutions. we are providing excellent .NET training by real-time it industry experts. our training methodology is very unique our course content covers all the in-depth critical scenarios. we have completed more than 200+ .NET training batches through online training program. our .NET classes covers all the real time scenarios, and its completely on hands-on for each and every session.
Course content:
• .NET Framework XML Overview
• Reading XML Streams in .NET
• Flow Control in XML Using C# and .NET
• Validating XML Streams
• Writing XML Streams in .NET
• The Document Object Model in .NET
• Manipulating XML Information with the DOM
• XML and ADO.NET
• XPath
• Introduction to XSLT
• LINQ to XML
C# .NET: Language Features and Creating .NET Projects, Namespaces Classes and...yazad dumasia
C# .NET: Language Features and Creating .NET Projects, Namespaces Classes and Inheritance , Exploring the Base Class Library -, Debugging and Error Handling , Data Types full knowledge about basic of .NET Framework
.NET online training offered by Quontra Solutions with special features having Extensive Training will be in both .NET Online Training and Placement. We help you in resume preparation and conducting Mock Interviews.
Emphasis is given on important topics that were required and mostly used in real time projects. Quontra Solutions is an Online Training Leader when it comes to high-end effective and efficient IT Training. We have always been and still are focusing on the key aspect which is providing utmost effective and competent training to both students and professionals who are eager to enrich their technical skills.
This Presentation provide a practical and visual way to understand the concept level of web application development by .Net technology and C# programming concepts.
This slide consists for information regarding .NET Framework and Its features. The content describe how .NET Programs are compiled. CLR, CTS and CLS are also described.
we offer online IT training with placements, project assistance in different platforms with real time industry consultants to provide quality training for all it professionals, corporate clients and students etc.
.NET online training by quontrasolutions. we are providing excellent .NET training by real-time it industry experts. our training methodology is very unique our course content covers all the in-depth critical scenarios. we have completed more than 200+ .NET training batches through online training program. our .NET classes covers all the real time scenarios, and its completely on hands-on for each and every session.
Course content:
• .NET Framework XML Overview
• Reading XML Streams in .NET
• Flow Control in XML Using C# and .NET
• Validating XML Streams
• Writing XML Streams in .NET
• The Document Object Model in .NET
• Manipulating XML Information with the DOM
• XML and ADO.NET
• XPath
• Introduction to XSLT
• LINQ to XML
C# .NET: Language Features and Creating .NET Projects, Namespaces Classes and...yazad dumasia
C# .NET: Language Features and Creating .NET Projects, Namespaces Classes and Inheritance , Exploring the Base Class Library -, Debugging and Error Handling , Data Types full knowledge about basic of .NET Framework
.NET online training offered by Quontra Solutions with special features having Extensive Training will be in both .NET Online Training and Placement. We help you in resume preparation and conducting Mock Interviews.
Emphasis is given on important topics that were required and mostly used in real time projects. Quontra Solutions is an Online Training Leader when it comes to high-end effective and efficient IT Training. We have always been and still are focusing on the key aspect which is providing utmost effective and competent training to both students and professionals who are eager to enrich their technical skills.
This Presentation provide a practical and visual way to understand the concept level of web application development by .Net technology and C# programming concepts.
Using React you can easily build web applications with rich UI. New to React? No worries! In this session you will learn what React is, why you would use it and how you could leverage React for building solutions for Office 365 and SharePoint.
A Sneak Peek At Visual Studio 2010 And .Net Framework 4.0Antonio Chagoury
This is the slide deck for my "A Sneak Peek at Visual Studio 2010 and .NET Framework 4.0" presentation I gave at the CapArea.NET user group on December 15th, 2009 where we had upwards of 70 attendees.
What is .net framework and how be use framework for software development.
We provide all IT related training.
Visit our website http://www.prognoztech.com/Contact-Prognoz-Technologies.html
Find out Which Versions of the .NET Framework are Installed on a PC.raj upadhyay
.NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library known as Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a software environment (in contrast to a hardware environment) known as Common Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual machine that provides services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. (As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called "managed code".) FCL and CLR together constitute .NET Framework.
Владимир Никонов "Вызовы при разработке enterprise продукта"Fwdays
В докладе мы рассмотрим этапы развития приложения, начиная от монолитного Web приложения, до распределенной платформы по управлению бизнес-процессами. Покажем этапы развития, задачи и вызовы, которые возникали на каждом их них. Проанализируем различные аспекты, влияющие на развитие архитектуры, такие как бизнес-требования, технологические тренды и возможные ограничения.
Dive into Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 Upgrade, Migration and beyondJason Himmelstein
Microsoft SharePoint Server 2016 provides a broad array of hybrid capabilities enabling you to cloud-accelerate your on-premises deployment. Learn more about the capabilities in SharePoint Server 2016 and how to best implement hybrid scenarios & how best to migrate to either SharePoint 2016 or SharePoint Online.
Dot net-interview-questions-and-answers part iRakesh Joshi
.NET Framework is a complete environment that allows developers to develop, run, and deploy the following applications: Console applications,Windows Forms applications,Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications,Web applications (ASP.NET applications),Web services,Windows services,Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF),Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF).
.NET Framework also enables a developer to create sharable components to be used in distributed computing architecture. NET Framework supports the object-oriented programming model for multiple languages, such as Visual Basic, Visual C#, and Visual C++. .NET Framework supports multiple programming languages in a manner that allows language interoperability. This implies that each language can use the code written in some other language.
Dot net-interview-questions-and-answers part iRakesh Joshi
.NET is a general-purpose software development platform, similar to Java. At its core is a virtual machine that turns intermediate language (IL) into machine code. High-level language compilers for C#, VB.NET and C++ are provided to turn source code into IL. C# is a new programming language, very similar to Java. An extensive class library is included, featuring all the functionality one might expect from a contempory development platform - windows GUI development (Windows Form s), database access (ADO.NET), web development (ASP.NET), web services, XML etc.
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http://www.horizonss.co.in/politicalsurvey/
SynapseIndia dotnet web development architecture module
SynapseIndia Drupal development
SynapseIndia Ecommerce development
SynapseIndia Sharepoint development
SynapseIndia PHP development
SynapseIndia Dotnet development
What is C# used for? Like other general-purpose programming languages, C# can be used to create a number of different programs and applications: mobile apps, desktop apps, cloud-based services, websites, enterprise software and games. Lots and lots of games.
C# (pronounced see sharp)[b] is a general-purpose, high-level multi-paradigm programming language. C# encompasses static typing, strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.[16]
The C# programming language was designed by Anders Hejlsberg from Microsoft in 2000 and was later approved as an international standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) in 2002 and ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23270) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with .NET Framework and Visual Studio, both of which were closed-source. At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a free and open-source project called Mono began, providing a cross-platform compiler and runtime environment for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released Visual Studio Code (code editor), Roslyn (compiler), and the unified .NET platform (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
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Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
2. CLR
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a special run
time environment that provides the underlying infrastructure
for Microsoft's .NET framework.
This runtime is where the source code of an application is
compiled into an intermediate language called CIL (Common
Intermediate Language), originally known as MSIL (Microsoft
Intermediate Language).
When the program is then run, the CIL code is translated into
the native code of the operating system using a just-in-time
(JIT) compiler.
This intermediate language is used to keep the environment
platform-neutral and as a result, supports all .NET languages
such as C# or VB.NET
3.
4. Advantages
Portability
Using an intermediate language instead of compiling straight to
native code requires n + m translators instead of n*m translators
to implement it in n languages on m platforms.
Security
The high level intermediate code is more ready for deployment
and runtime enforcement of security.
Interoperability
Every major .NET language supports CLR and all get compiled
to CIL. In that intermediate language, implementation of services
such as security and garbage collection are the same.
5. This allows one library or application of one .NET language to
inherit implementations from classes written in another .NET
language.
This cuts down on the redundant code developers would have to
write to make a system work in multiple languages, allowing for
multi-language system designs and implementations.
Additionally, to keep full component interoperability, the runtime
incorporates all metadata into the component package itself,
essentially making it self-describing.
The main advantage of the .NET Framework is the
interoperability between different languages. As all the
Microsoft .NET languages share the same common runtime
language, they all work well together. For example, you can use
an object written in C# from Visual Basic.NET. The same applies
for all the other Microsoft .NET languages
6. Application related advantages
Automated Garbage Collection
Support for explicitly free threading, which
allows for the creation of multi-threaded,
scalable applications.
Support for uniform exception handling
Use of delegate functions instead of function
pointers for increased type safety and security.
7. MSIL
VB.Net compiles code which is processor
independent.
It is portable to n no of platforms.
This MSIL is then given as input to JIT
Compilers which converts it into
native(machine )code.
At the time of generation of MSIL code all
metadata(methods, properties, events,
data types) gets created.
8. JIT Compilers
Microsoft provides a set of JIT compilers
for each supported platform.
These compilers compile MSIL code into
native machine code.
Unlike traditional compilers JIT doesn’t
compile the full class file in one shot.
Compilation is done on function basis or
file basis.
9. The high level programming languages that need to be
compiled require a runtime, so that the architecture on which
the language runs is provided with details on how to execute
its code.
All the programming languages use its corresponding runtime
to run the application. For example, to run an application
developed using Visual Basic, the computer on which the
application will be run must be installed with the Visual Basic
runtime.
The Visual Basic runtime can run only the applications
developed with Visual Basic and not the ones developed with
any other programming language like Java.
10. In the .NET Framework, all the
Microsoft .NET languages use a common
language runtime, which solves the
problem of installing separate runtime for
each of the programming languages.
Microsoft .NET Common Language
Runtime installed on a computer can run
any language that is Microsoft .NET
compatible.
11. When you compile a Microsoft.NET
language, the complier generates code
written in the Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL). MSIL is a set of
instructions that can quickly be translated into
native code.
A Microsoft.NET application can be run only
after the MSIL code is translated into native
machine code. In .NET Framework, the
intermediate language is complied "just in
time" (JIT) into native code when the
application or component is run instead of
compiling the application at development
time.
12. Compilation
Execution
Compilation & Execution Cycle of .Net application
13. Types of JIT
Pre-JIT :
Per-JIT compiler compiles source code into native code in a
single compilation cycle.
Econo- JIT: Econo-
JIT compiles methods that are called at runtime. However,
these compiled methods are discarded when they’re not
required.
JIT (Normal JIT) –
They’re called “JIT” or “Normal JIT”. Normal JIT only compiles
the methods which are called at runtime.
These methods are compiled the first time they’re called and
then they’re stored in cache. When the same methods are
called again, the compilation code from cache is used for
execution.
14. Managed Code
Managed Code is what Visual Basic .NET and C#
compilers create.
It compiles to Intermediate Language (IL), not to
machine code that could run directly on your
computer.
The IL is kept in a file called an assembly, along
with metadata that describes the classes,
methods, and attributes (such as security
requirements) of the code
This assembly is the one-stop-shopping unit of
deployment in the .NET world.
You copy it to another server to deploy the
assembly there—and often that copying is the only
step required in the deployment.
15. Managed code runs in the Common Language
Runtime. The runtime offers a wide variety of
services to your running code.
In the usual course of events, it first loads and
verifies the assembly to make sure the IL is okay.
Then, just in time, as methods are called, the
runtime arranges for them to be compiled to
machine code suitable for the machine the
assembly is running on, and caches this machine
code to be used the next time the method is
called. (This is called Just In Time, or JIT
compiling, or often just Jitting.)
As the assembly runs, the runtime continues to
provide services such as security, memory
management, threading, and the like. The
application is managed by the runtime
16. Unmanaged code
It is what you use to make before Visual Studio
.NET 2002 was released.
Visual Basic 6, Visual C++ 6, heck, even that 15-
year old C compiler produced unmanaged code.
It compiled directly to machine code that ran on
the machine where you compiled it—and on other
machines as long as they had the same chip, or
nearly the same.
It didn't get services such as security or memory
management from an invisible runtime; it got them
from the operating system, usually by calling an
API provided in the Windows SDK.
17. System Types
System class library
.Net Framework Class Library
It is a library of classes, interfaces and value
types .
It optimizes the development process, provides
access to system functionality .
It is designed to be as a foundation on which
.Net framework applications, components and
controls are built.
18. FCL is an integral component of the .NET framework.
It consists of object oriented collection of reusable
classes that can be used to develop command line, GUI,
web applications etc.
It is designed into a hierarchical tree structure & divided
into namespace.
Before .Net class framework, each programming
required its own class libraries.
All .Net languages share the .Net class framework
requiring no special language specific libraries.
Syntax used to perform the task between .Net languages
looks the same as the same namespace & parameters is
to be used.
19. The .Net framework class library is divided into 2 parts
Base class library
Framework class library.
Base class library
It includes a small subset of the entire class library & is the core
set of classes that serve as the basic API of the common
language runtime.
The classes in mscorlib.dll , system.dll & system.core.dll are
consiered as part of BCL.
Framework class library
It is a superset of the BCL classes & refers to the entire class
library that ships with .Net framework.
It includes winforms, ADO.Net, ASP.Net etc.
20. Namespaces in vb.net
System: Includes essential classes and base classes for commonly
used data types, events, exceptions and so on
System.Collections: Includes classes and interfaces that define
various collection of objects such as list, queues,
hash tables, arrays, etc
System.Data: Includes classes which lets us handle data from data
sources
System.Data.OleDb: Includes classes that support the OLEDB .NET
provider
System.Data.SqlClient: Includes classes that support the SQL
Server .NET provider
System.Diagnostics: Includes classes that allow to debug our
application and to step through our code
System.Drawing: Provides access to drawing methods
21. System.Globalization: Includes classes that specify culture-related
information
System.IO: Includes classes for data access with Files
System.Net: Provides interface to protocols used on the internet
System.Reflection: Includes classes and interfaces that return
information about types, methods and fields
System.Security: Includes classes to support the structure of
common language runtime security system
System.Threading: Includes classes and interfaces to support
multithreaded applications
System.Web: Includes classes and interfaces that support browser-
server communication
System.Web.Services: Includes classes that let us build and use
Web Services
System.Windows.Forms: Includes classes for creating Windows
based forms
System.XML: Includes classes for XML support
22. System.object class
It is the base class of all classes in the .Net framework.
It is the root of the type hierarchy.
Name Description
Determines whether the specified
Equals(Object)
Object is equal to the current Object.
Determines whether the specified
Equals(Object, Object)
object instances are considered equal.
Allows an object to try to free
resources and perform other cleanup
Finalize
operations before it is reclaimed by
garbage collection.
23. Serves as a hash function for a
GetHashCode
particular type.
GetType Gets the Type of the current instance.
Creates a shallow copy of the current
MemberwiseClone
Object.
Determines whether the specified
ReferenceEquals Object instances are the same
instance.
Returns a string that represents the
ToString
current object.
24. Common type system
With common type system all data types are provided as objects in
the System.object class.
This class is accessible by all .Net programming languages &
enforced by CLR.
Also previously type conversions needed to be performed every
time when data was exchanged.
With the CTS, it is no longer necessary to cast data types between
assemblies that are written in different languages.
CTS provides a new standard for .Net assemblies called as type
safe compatibility.
To achieve type safe compatibility, some languages have to adjust
their data type.
Language interoperability is achieved with the help of CTS.
Same data type is available in all .Net compatible languages.
25. Classification of CTS Types
Value types
It directly contain the data that you assign them.
Value types are fixed in size.
Actual values of data are stored in stack.
If you assign a value of a variable to another it will create two
copies.
All primitive data type except string and object are example of
value types. struct and enum are value type.
Reference type
Reference types are not fixed in size.
It directly do not contain any data.
It point to a memory location that contains the actual data.
They are maintained in system managed heap but it also uses
stack to store reference of heap.
26. Two primitive types (string and object) and non-primitive data
types (class, interface & delegate) are examples of reference
type.
27. Basic Value types
VB Keyword Bytes .NET type Description
Byte 1 Byte 0-255
SByte 1 SByte -128 to 127
Short 2 Int16 -32,768 to
+32,767
UShort 2 UInt16 0 to 65535
Integer 4 Int32 -2,147,483,648
to +
2,147,483,647
UInteger 5 UInt32 0 to
4,294,967,295
Long 8 Int64 -9,223,372,036,
854,775,808 to
+9,223,372,036
,854,775,807
28. ULong 8 UInt64 0 to
+18,446,744,
073,709,551,
615
Single 4 Single A non integer
number with
approximately
7 significant
digits
Double 8 Double A non integer
number with
approximately
14 significant
digits
29. Decimal 16 Decimal A non integer
number with
approximately
28 significant
digits (integer
and fraction)
that can
represent values
up to 79,228 X
1024
Char 2 Char A single Unicode
character
Boolean 1 Boolean A True or False
value