This document provides guidance on writing injury notes in emergency situations. It discusses including patient details, date/time, injury description, and relevant legal codes. Grievous injuries are defined as those causing emasculation, sight/hearing loss, limb loss, impairment or disfigurement. Injuries are also classified by mechanism (blunt, sharp, etc.), medical issues (suicidal, accidental), and timing relative to death. Common injuries like abrasions, contusions, lacerations, incised wounds, stab wounds and degloving are described in terms of appearance over time. References are provided for further information.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Forensic science PowerPoint presentation on Injury and it's medico-legal importance.
The slide is made for medical students. Mainly for BAMS students. It covers maximum points.
The slide is full of example with pictures which make it easy to understand the concept. It contains post-mortem findings as well as medico-legal importance of the each type of injury.
Cutting and Stabbing Wounds - Criminal Documentation Darren Dake
This course is designed to introduce the student to the forensic importance of stabbing and cutting injuries.
This course will describe what these wounds are and how they are made. It will also explore each type of wound’s forensic importance to an investigation.
Cutting and Stabbing Wounds - Criminal Documentation Darren Dake
This course is designed to introduce the student to the forensic importance of stabbing and cutting injuries.
This course will describe what these wounds are and how they are made. It will also explore each type of wound’s forensic importance to an investigation.
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As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
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We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
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Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
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Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
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This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
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Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
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2. Step to write injury note in emergency duty
1) Particulars of patient:Name,age,Father/Husband
Name,Address
2) Date and Time of Occurance & Examination
3) Name of Identified Person
4) Site,Description and position of injury on the body
5) Age,Size,Length,Width,Depth of injury
6) Kinds of weapon used
7) Nature of injury
8) Remark
3. Section of Law of Injury According to “The
Penal Code-1860”
Section 323 : Blunt Weapon-Simple Hurt
Section 324 : Sharp Weapon-Simple Hurt
Section 325 : Blunt Weapon-Grievous Hurt
Section 326 : Sharp Weapon-Grievous Hurt
4. Criteria of Grievous Hurt According To“ThePenal
Code-1860,Section 320”
. The following kinds of hurt only are designated as "grievous”
Firstly:Emasculation
Secondly : Permanent privation of the sight of either eye.
Thirdly : Permanent privation of the hearing of either ear.
Fourthly : Privation of any member or joint.
Fifthly : Destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or
joint.
Sixthly : Permanent disfiguration of the head or face.
Seventhly : Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth
Eighthly : Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the sufferer to be during
the space of 20days in severe bodily pain or unable to follow his ordinary
persuits.
7. Defination of injury
A wound or injury is defined as termination of the natural continuity
of any of the tissue of the living body.
Legally,as per section 44;injury is defined as any harm caused
illegaly to any person in his body,mind,reputation or property.
9. Medicolegal Classification
1)Depending upon severity: Simple Injuries
Grievous Injuries
2)Depending on medical issue:Suicidal
Homicidal
Accidental
3)Depending upon moment of death: Antemortem Injuries
Postmortem Injuries.
10. Abrasion
Abrasion are injuries where there is discontinuity in the skin due to loss
of only superficial layer (Epidermis).
These are produced as a result of -
.fall on a rough surface
.Finger-nails
.Teeth bite
.Slide of being dragged in vehicle accident
11. Type of Abrasion
1)TangentialAbrasion: a) LinearAbrasion-Finger nails abrasion
b) BrushAbrasion-Road Rush in traffic accident
2)CompressionAbrasion: a) PatternedAbrasion-typically obserbed in
torture
.Impact Abrasion-person getting hit by car
.Pressure Abrasion-Hanging Mark
12. Age ofAbrasion
On 12-24hrs: Bright red scab
On 2-4 days: Reddish brown scab
On 4-7 days: Healing process starts
On 8-10days: Epithelium grows & dried scab falls
13. Injury note of Abrasion
There is a abrasion
over the extension
aspect of the right
forearm 10cm away
from the elbow joint
measuring about
10*4cm in diameter.
14. Contusion /Bruise
Contusion is an Effusion of blood into the tissue due to rupture of blood
vessels (venules & arterioles) by application of blunt force such as
.Stick
.Stone
.Fist
.Whip
.Boot etc
15. Age ofBruise
A Superficial Bruise - bright red discolouration.
A Deep Bruise - may take several hrs to 2 days to appear.
Time
Fresh
Fewhrs to 3days
4th day
5thto 6thday
7thto 12thday
Changes
Bright Red
Bluish
Bluish black to
brown
Greenis
h
Yellowis
16. Injury note of contusion
There is a contusion over
the medial aspect of the
right arm measuring about
10*6 cm in diameter
17. Bruise is less value than Abrasion because
1)Size may not correspond to the size of weapon
2)Become visible several hrs or even 1-2 days after the injury
3)May appear away from the actual site of injury
4)They do not indicate the direction in which the force was
applied.
18. Laceration
A laceration is a rupture or tear or a split in the skin, mucous
membrane,muscle,or underlying tissue
as a result of application of blunt force such as Blows
with-
.club
.stones
.bricks
.punch
.kicks,iron bars etc.
22. Incised Wound
It is a wound produced by a sharp weapon such as
knife,blade,scalpel,razor,scissors etc and is a clean cut through the tissue
which
is longer than its depth.
28. Injury note of Incisedwound
There is a incised wound over the flexion aspect of
right hand 5cm proximal from the right wrist joint
transversely situated measuring about 3*2*2 cm in
diameter.
29. Stab /PunturedWound
A Stab wound is an injury caused by a sharp pointed weapon
when the sharp tip is thurst into the body.
30. Feature of StabInjury
1)Margin :-Edge of wound are clean cut
-Usually no abrasion or bruishing of margin
-Margin is abraded & ragged if cutting edge is
blunt
2)Length :Length of wound is slightly less than width
3)Depth :Depth is greater than width and length
4)Shape :Shape of wound correspond to the weapon
used.
31. Injury note of Stab Wound
A stab wound over the left 5th ICS 2cm left
lateral measuring about 4*2*2 cm in
diameter
32. Incised looking wound
Def: Wound produced by a blunt weapon on
by a fall when inflicted on tense structure
covering the bones such as scalp,eyebrow,iliac
crest,knee or elbow
Character: Edges are irregular with bruising and
small piece of tissue may be seen at the bottom
bridging across the margin.
33. Digloving Injury
Is a form of soft tissue injuries where
avulsion of soft tissue, in which an
extensive portion of skin and subcutaneous
tissue detached exposing the underlying
muscle, neuromuscular bundle
Types: 2types- 1)Open Digloving Injury
2)Closed Digloving Injury-
Looked like Bruise
34.
35. References
1)Essential of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology-Dr.K.S.Narayan
Reddy 2)Siddheshwar Forensic Science Book-Dr. Satish
Shindadkar 3)Forensic Medicine & Jurisprudence -
Dr.S.K.Singhal
4)Olshaker et al.Forensic Emergency Medicine.Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins:2001
5)Knight B. Forensic Pathology.2nd
Ed.London:Amold,1996;PP.232
6)Polson CJ.Gee DJ And Knight B.The Essential of Forensic
Medicine.4th Ed.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1985;PP.125-127
7)DiMailo DJ,DiMailo VJM.Forensic Pathology.2nd
Ed.Boca Raton,Florida.CRC Press,LLC;2001
