TCC paramedic

1. Infectious Diseases
Book 3, Chapter 11

2. Contraction,Transmission,
and Stages of Disease

3. Infection Control in
Prehospital Care

4. Infectious Diseases
• HIV
• Hepatitis
• TB
• SARS
• Chickenpox
• Meningitis
• FLU
• Bird Flu
• Measles
• Mumps
• Rubella
• RSV
• Pertussis
• Mono
• Epiglottitis/Croup
• A bunch of others

5. HIV
• Responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• HIV-1 and HIV-2
• Transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
• Tears, amniotic fluid, urine, saliva, bronchial secretions
• 0.2 – 0.44 % chance risk of getting it after blood exposure
• No vaccine… no cure

6. Hepatitis
• A, B, C, D, E, and G
• Hep A- oral / fecal
• Has a vaccine
• Lasts 2-6 weeks

7. Hepatitis B
• Vaccine available
• 5 – 35 % incidence after exposure
• 60 -80% infections are asymptomatic

8. Hepatitis C
• No vaccine
• The one we should be concerned about

9. Hepatitis D
• Associated with Hepatitis B

10. Hepatits E
• Oral - fecal

11. Hepatits G
• Who cares

12. Tuberculosis
• Myobacterium tuberculosis complex
• Transmitted via respiratory droplets
• Mucous membranes
• Unintact skin
• Fever, chills, fatigue, cough, weight loss

13. Pneumonia
• Acute infection of the lung
• Chills, fever, high-grade fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, that increases
with deep breath or cough, nasty phlegm, adventitious lung sounds

14. SARS
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
• Sore throat, runny nose, rigors (chills), myalgias (muscle aches), headache,
diarrhea, cough, sputum, respiratory distress/ failure
• Treat like pneumonia

15. Chickenpox
• Varicella
• Herpes virus family
• Characterized by a rash of fluid-filled vesicles that rupture forming small
ulcers that will scab
• Adults may also develop pneumonia
• Varivax vaccine

19. Meningitis
• Inflammation of meninges
• Bacterial or viral
• Vaccines have helped knock out one strain
• Transmitted via respiratory droplets
• Post exposure: Cipro, Rocephin

22. Influenza
• A, B, and C
• Chills, fever, malaise, muscle aches, nasal discharge, cough
• Vaccination Sept – Nov

23. Avian Flu
• Mutated bird virus
• H5N1
• Same symptoms as the flu

24. Measles
• Vaccine available
• Morbilli virus
• Maternal antibodies good for 4-5 months after birth
• Inhaled droplets and direct contact transmission
• Severe cold, conjuntivitis, swelling of eyes, photophobia, malaise, cough,
congestion
• High fever
• Koplik’s spots
• Rash (especially on back and shoulders)

25. Mumps
• Respiratory droplets and direct contact with saliva
• Paramyxovirus
• Swelling and stiffening of salivary gland near ear(s)
• Most resolve one week without intervention

26. Rubella
• German Measles
• Sore throat, low fever, pink rash on face, trunk, extremities
• Rubivirus
• Devastating to a fetus

27. RSV
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• November - April
• Cold like symptoms
• High risk children: premature, heart conditions, cancer
• Virazole: antiviral agent

28. Pertussis
• Whooping cough
• Bordetella pertussis
• Waning effectiveness of adolescents and adults that were vaccinated as
children

30. Lyme Disease
• Borrelia burgdorferi (tick-borne)
• Deer and ticks
• Common in wooded areas

31. STDs
• Gonorrhea - discharge
• Syphilis- lesions
• Genital warts – warts
• Herpes- painful lesions
• Chancroid- painful ulcer

32. Impetigo

33. Lice

34. Scabes
• Burrowing
• ‘Seven year itch’
• Itching and infection
• Small mites

36. Immunizations
• http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child.html

37. Nosocomial
• Hospital-acquired
• VRE – Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
• MRSA – Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus