Infant of diabetic mother
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This document discusses the infant of a diabetic mother. It begins with an introduction stating that this refers to infants born to mothers with high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. It then covers the pathophysiology, explaining how the fetus is exposed to high glucose which can cause hyperplasia of beta cells and fetal hypoglycemia. Complications for the infant include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and possible congenital anomalies affecting mainly the cardiovascular system. The management of these infants as neonates involves blood sugar monitoring, investigations like CBC and imaging, and treatment of hypoglycemia following specific protocols.
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Infant Of Diabetic Mother...main reference is E Medicine...
This document discusses gestational diabetes, including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, complications, and management. Some key points:
- Gestational diabetes occurs in 3-10% of pregnancies and is the most common medical complication. It increases risks of complications for both mother and baby.
- Complications for the baby include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, and congenital malformations.
- Management involves tight glycemic control both during pregnancy and in neonatal care of the baby. Babies may require IV glucose therapy if hypoglycemic. Close monitoring of glucose and other biomarkers is important for both mother and baby outcomes.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Infant of a Diabetic Mother
This document discusses hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers. It begins by outlining the risks of hypoglycemia in these infants, including transient drops in blood glucose levels after birth due to high insulin levels. It then discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management of hypoglycemia. Key points include the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels, treating low levels aggressively with IV dextrose boluses and infusions, and addressing any other issues such as hypocalcemia.
Infant of dm
This document appears to be a powerpoint presentation about infants born to mothers with diabetes. It discusses the increased risks these infants face, including doubled risks of birth injuries and tripled risks of c-section delivery. It also summarizes some of the key slides in the presentation, which cover topics like the pathophysiology of diabetes in pregnancy, methods for screening and diagnosing diabetes, potential complications for both mother and infant, and common issues infant may experience due to hyperglycemia like macrosomia and birth defects. The presentation provides medical information to healthcare providers about caring for infants of diabetic mothers.
The infant of diabetic mother
This document discusses the care of infants born to diabetic mothers (IDMs). IDMs are at risk of hypoglycemia, cardiac issues like cardiomyopathy, and long-term metabolic disorders. The pediatrician's role is to monitor blood sugar, watch for complications, and ensure adequate nutrition and glucose levels. Special attention should be paid to blood sugar levels in the first 24 hours and cardiac screening through echocardiogram is also recommended. Strict maternal glycemic control during pregnancy can help reduce risks to the infant.
Infants of diabetic mother
This document discusses infants born to mothers with diabetes. It defines infants of diabetic mothers as babies at risk of problems due to their mother's diabetes during pregnancy. It describes the types of diabetes a mother can have, clinical features in infants like macrosomia and hypoglycemia, diagnostic tests performed, potential complications, and the importance of management, prevention, and nursing care for healthy infant outcomes.
Infant of Diebetic Mother
This document discusses infants of diabetic mothers. It begins with an introduction that describes how maternal hyperglycemia can cause fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism. It then covers definitions, incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and potential fetal and neonatal complications. The document discusses clinical manifestations, investigations, management, prognosis and prevention. Potential complications for infants of diabetic mothers include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress, cardiac issues, and birth injuries. Care of the infant focuses on monitoring blood sugar and treating any complications.
Infant of diabetic mother
Diabetes in pregnancy poses risks to both mother and baby. Good glycemic control through nutrition, lifestyle changes, and possibly medication can help reduce risks. Babies of diabetic mothers may be large with potential birth injuries, and face risks of low blood sugar, breathing issues, and heart and metabolic problems. Close monitoring and management throughout pregnancy aims to deliver healthy babies.
Infant of a diabetic mother
This document discusses the infant of a diabetic mother. It begins with an introduction stating that diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy and risks to the infant have decreased but still exist. It then covers pathophysiology, epidemiology, complications, management, and prognosis. Key points include: fetal macrosomia is a risk; hypoglycemia is common due to hyperinsulinemia; other risks include hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and congenital heart defects. Management involves monitoring glucose and electrolytes along with imaging tests. Treatment focuses on maintaining normal glucose during labor and delivery along with early breastfeeding to prevent hypoglycemia. Prognosis is generally good but neurodevelopmental risks exist if maternal glucose control was
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Infant Of Diabetic Mother...main reference is E Medicine...
This document discusses gestational diabetes, including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, complications, and management. Some key points:
- Gestational diabetes occurs in 3-10% of pregnancies and is the most common medical complication. It increases risks of complications for both mother and baby.
- Complications for the baby include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, and congenital malformations.
- Management involves tight glycemic control both during pregnancy and in neonatal care of the baby. Babies may require IV glucose therapy if hypoglycemic. Close monitoring of glucose and other biomarkers is important for both mother and baby outcomes.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Infant of a Diabetic Mother
This document discusses hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers. It begins by outlining the risks of hypoglycemia in these infants, including transient drops in blood glucose levels after birth due to high insulin levels. It then discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and management of hypoglycemia. Key points include the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels, treating low levels aggressively with IV dextrose boluses and infusions, and addressing any other issues such as hypocalcemia.
Infant of dm
This document appears to be a powerpoint presentation about infants born to mothers with diabetes. It discusses the increased risks these infants face, including doubled risks of birth injuries and tripled risks of c-section delivery. It also summarizes some of the key slides in the presentation, which cover topics like the pathophysiology of diabetes in pregnancy, methods for screening and diagnosing diabetes, potential complications for both mother and infant, and common issues infant may experience due to hyperglycemia like macrosomia and birth defects. The presentation provides medical information to healthcare providers about caring for infants of diabetic mothers.
The infant of diabetic mother
This document discusses the care of infants born to diabetic mothers (IDMs). IDMs are at risk of hypoglycemia, cardiac issues like cardiomyopathy, and long-term metabolic disorders. The pediatrician's role is to monitor blood sugar, watch for complications, and ensure adequate nutrition and glucose levels. Special attention should be paid to blood sugar levels in the first 24 hours and cardiac screening through echocardiogram is also recommended. Strict maternal glycemic control during pregnancy can help reduce risks to the infant.
Infants of diabetic mother
This document discusses infants born to mothers with diabetes. It defines infants of diabetic mothers as babies at risk of problems due to their mother's diabetes during pregnancy. It describes the types of diabetes a mother can have, clinical features in infants like macrosomia and hypoglycemia, diagnostic tests performed, potential complications, and the importance of management, prevention, and nursing care for healthy infant outcomes.
Infant of Diebetic Mother
This document discusses infants of diabetic mothers. It begins with an introduction that describes how maternal hyperglycemia can cause fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism. It then covers definitions, incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and potential fetal and neonatal complications. The document discusses clinical manifestations, investigations, management, prognosis and prevention. Potential complications for infants of diabetic mothers include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress, cardiac issues, and birth injuries. Care of the infant focuses on monitoring blood sugar and treating any complications.
Infant of diabetic mother
Diabetes in pregnancy poses risks to both mother and baby. Good glycemic control through nutrition, lifestyle changes, and possibly medication can help reduce risks. Babies of diabetic mothers may be large with potential birth injuries, and face risks of low blood sugar, breathing issues, and heart and metabolic problems. Close monitoring and management throughout pregnancy aims to deliver healthy babies.
Infant of a diabetic mother
This document discusses the infant of a diabetic mother. It begins with an introduction stating that diabetes is a common complication of pregnancy and risks to the infant have decreased but still exist. It then covers pathophysiology, epidemiology, complications, management, and prognosis. Key points include: fetal macrosomia is a risk; hypoglycemia is common due to hyperinsulinemia; other risks include hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and congenital heart defects. Management involves monitoring glucose and electrolytes along with imaging tests. Treatment focuses on maintaining normal glucose during labor and delivery along with early breastfeeding to prevent hypoglycemia. Prognosis is generally good but neurodevelopmental risks exist if maternal glucose control was
Anaemia in pregnancy
Anemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy. If diagnosed and managed properly the rate of maternal mortality will drastically reduce.
High risk neonate
Definition of High-risk Neonate: Any baby exposed to any condition that make the survival rate of the neonate at danger.
Factors that contribute to have a High-risk Neonate:
A) High-risk pregnancies: e.g.: Toxemias
B) Medical illness of the mother: e.g.: Diabetes Mellitus
C) Complications of labor: e.g.: Premature Rupture Of Membrane (PROM), Obstructed labor, or Caesarian Section (C.S). D) Neonatal factors: e.g.: Neonatal asphyxia
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
This presenntation gives an overview of the causes of low sugar levels in newborn babies and its effects on the brain
Newborn of a diabetic melitus mother
1. Infants born to mothers with diabetes are at risk for complications due to maternal hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia. They commonly present with hypoglycemia, macrosomia, respiratory distress, and congenital anomalies.
2. Clinical evaluation of newborns of diabetic mothers should include monitoring blood sugars and checking for electrolyte abnormalities, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, cardiac issues, and neurological or gastrointestinal complications. Treatment involves stabilization of blood sugars and repletion of any electrolyte or hematologic abnormalities.
Hypoglycemia in newborns
- Newborns are at risk of hypoglycemia in the first few days of life as glucose levels fall after birth and then rise again. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL or 50 mg/dL for preterm infants. Infants at high risk include those with low birth weight, prematurity, or other conditions.
- Symptomatic hypoglycemia can cause issues like tremors, apnea or seizures while asymptomatic hypoglycemia may not show symptoms. Treatment depends on whether hypoglycemia is symptomatic or asymptomatic and may involve oral feeds, IV dextrose solutions or other medications in more severe cases. Screening protocols are recommended for at-risk infants to monitor
Diabetes Mellitus in children for medical students
This document defines type 1 diabetes, discusses its epidemiology, diagnosis, etiology, physiology, presentation, investigations, management, treatment, and complications. The key points are:
- Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting from insulin deficiency. It peaks in children aged 5-7 and during puberty.
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms plus random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL or fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL.
- Management requires a team approach including specialists, nurses, dietitians, and psychologists. Treatment involves insulin administration and nutrition management.
- Presentations include diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia. Investigations include blood glucose, HbA1c
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Neonatal hypoglycemia can be caused by inadequate substrate in small or preterm infants, relative hyperinsulinemia in infants of diabetic mothers or large babies, or sickness. Symptoms range from none to seizures or coma. High risk infants should be screened for blood glucose levels, with intervention if levels drop below thresholds. Asymptomatic infants with levels over 20mg/dL can be treated with frequent feeding and monitoring, while symptomatic infants receive IV glucose. Hypoglycemia management may also include medical treatments like hydrocortisone or diazoxide. Persistent cases require identifying underlying causes through additional laboratory tests and treatments.
Neonatal hypoglycemia
The document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia, including:
1. Hypoglycemia is common in newborns, especially sick ones, as they transition from receiving glucose from the placenta.
2. The brain relies heavily on steady glucose, so low blood sugar can impact brain development if not addressed.
3. At-risk newborns include preterms, SGA, LGA, those with infections or perinatal stressors.
4. Treatment involves monitoring blood sugar based on risk level and intervening with oral or IV glucose if levels dip below thresholds.
Hypoglycaemia in newborns- Dr. Sankha Jayasinghe
Described in detail how to evaluate neonatal hypoglycaemia, when to evaluate, how to treat, and the outcome of neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Eclampsia preeclampsia
1) Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of pregnancies and are a leading cause of maternal mortality. They include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and chronic hypertension.
2) Preeclampsia is defined as new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It is caused by abnormal placentation leading to endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ involvement.
3) Women with signs of severe preeclampsia such as severe headaches, visual disturbances, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, or impaired liver or kidney function require delivery, usually between 34-37 weeks of gestation. Strict maternal and fetal monitoring is necessary for management.
Neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is a condition in newborns marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood, causing yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. Bilirubin levels are often higher in neonates due to increased red blood cell breakdown, liver immaturity, and bacterial colonization. Without treatment, hyperbilirubinemia can cause permanent brain damage known as kernicterus. Proper monitoring and treatment is important to prevent dangerous bilirubin levels in newborns.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
This document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia, including definitions, risks, screening and management. Key points:
- Hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality and neurological impairments if untreated.
- Risks include prematurity, IUGR, infant of diabetic mother. Screen high risk babies within 1 hour of life and all others at 3-4 hours.
- Treatment includes feeding every 3 hours, IV glucose if needed. Persistent hypoglycemia may indicate underlying metabolic disorders requiring further testing and management.
- Long term studies are still needed to better understand outcomes of treated vs untreated neonatal hypoglycemia in developing countries.
Neonatal hypoglycemia
The document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia, including its definition, symptoms, risk factors, treatment, and monitoring. Some key points:
- Neonatal hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below certain thresholds in the first 24 hours and thereafter. It is a common problem in newborns.
- Babies at higher risk include preterms, those of diabetic mothers, or experiencing other stresses. Symptoms can be nonspecific.
- Treatment involves glucose administration via IV bolus or infusion to raise blood glucose to the normal range. Frequent monitoring is needed until levels stabilize.
- Persistent or resistant hypoglycemia may require additional drugs or referral to a specialist to investigate underlying
Idm full
A male infant was delivered via elective C-section at 36 weeks and 5 days gestation due to the mother's history of two previous C-sections. The infant presented with hypoglycemia which is common in infants of diabetic mothers. The infant was admitted to the NICU for monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia, including intravenous fluids and corticosteroids. After several days of blood sugar monitoring and treatment, the infant's blood sugars stabilized and he was discharged.
Gestational diabetes mellitus by sushant
This document discusses gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It defines GDM as carbohydrate intolerance that is recognized or begins during pregnancy. The document discusses the types, risk factors, pathophysiology, screening recommendations, and classifications of diabetes in pregnancy according to White's groups. It notes that GDM occurs in about 7% of pregnancies globally and prevalence varies between racial/ethnic groups and countries. Screening is recommended between 24-28 weeks of gestation using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
This document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia. It begins by defining hypoglycemia in newborns as a blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL, regardless of symptoms. The main causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include increased glucose utilization due to conditions like hyperinsulinism in infants of diabetic mothers, decreased glucose production due to prematurity or IUGR, or increased utilization combined with decreased production due to perinatal stress. Symptoms of hypoglycemia are non-specific. Management involves prevention by screening at-risk babies, treatment with IV dextrose or adjunctive therapies like glucagon or hydrocortisone if needed, and evaluating for underlying causes if hypoglycemia is persistent or recurrent. Prolong
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. It defines diabetes in pregnancy and gestational diabetes, and discusses their incidence rates. It describes the screening, diagnosis, and management of diabetes in pregnancy. The document outlines the maternal and fetal effects of diabetes during pregnancy and notes increased risks of complications. It emphasizes the importance of glucose monitoring and medical nutrition therapy in managing diabetes in pregnancy.
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Meconium aspiration syndrome is a respiratory condition in newborns who pass meconium in the amniotic fluid before delivery. It occurs when meconium is aspirated or inhaled into the lungs around birth. Risk factors include post-term pregnancy or maternal health conditions. Clinically, affected infants have respiratory distress. Management involves suctioning meconium from the airways, providing respiratory support, antibiotics, and other organ system support. Outcomes range from full recovery to complications like chronic lung disease.
Dka management in children
This document discusses diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), providing definitions, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and management approach. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis due to insulin deficiency. It is most commonly seen in type 1 diabetics and can be life-threatening. The document outlines treatment involving fluid replacement, insulin administration, electrolyte replacement, and addressing underlying causes such as infection. Complications discussed include cerebral edema, which has high mortality. Careful management is needed to safely resolve DKA and prevent complications.
Epilepsy in pregnancy
Epilepsy is caused by excessive electrical discharge in the brain and can cause seizures. It affects around 0.5-1% of pregnant women. Babies of mothers with epilepsy have a higher risk of birth defects, growth issues, and stillbirth. The risk of a baby developing epilepsy is also four times higher. During pregnancy, treatment involves low-dose monotherapy and monitoring for issues. Management of labor and delivery includes seizure precautions and monitoring anti-seizure drug levels. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated for mothers with epilepsy.
Infant of diabetic mother
Gestational diabetes can cause complications in infants due to hyperglycemia transferring through the placenta. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at risk for birth defects if hyperglycemia occurs early in pregnancy during organ development. Later hyperglycemia increases risks for macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and other issues. IDMs require careful monitoring and treatment of potential complications in the neonatal period such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress, and cardiomyopathy. Long term, IDMs have increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and developmental or cognitive delays.
Concurrent diseases in pregnancy.pptx
The document discusses several concurrent diseases that can occur during pregnancy including cardiac diseases, hematologic disorders, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and hypertensive disorders. It provides details on the pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and management for each condition. Pregnancy places additional strain on the cardiovascular system and can exacerbate preexisting cardiac issues. Several anemias are also discussed including iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, and sickle cell anemia. Close monitoring and supplementation is important for management. Diabetes and gestational diabetes require strict glucose control to prevent complications. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy like preeclampsia can threaten both mother and baby if not properly treated.
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Anaemia in pregnancy
Anemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy. If diagnosed and managed properly the rate of maternal mortality will drastically reduce.
High risk neonate
Definition of High-risk Neonate: Any baby exposed to any condition that make the survival rate of the neonate at danger.
Factors that contribute to have a High-risk Neonate:
A) High-risk pregnancies: e.g.: Toxemias
B) Medical illness of the mother: e.g.: Diabetes Mellitus
C) Complications of labor: e.g.: Premature Rupture Of Membrane (PROM), Obstructed labor, or Caesarian Section (C.S). D) Neonatal factors: e.g.: Neonatal asphyxia
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
This presenntation gives an overview of the causes of low sugar levels in newborn babies and its effects on the brain
Newborn of a diabetic melitus mother
1. Infants born to mothers with diabetes are at risk for complications due to maternal hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia. They commonly present with hypoglycemia, macrosomia, respiratory distress, and congenital anomalies.
2. Clinical evaluation of newborns of diabetic mothers should include monitoring blood sugars and checking for electrolyte abnormalities, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, cardiac issues, and neurological or gastrointestinal complications. Treatment involves stabilization of blood sugars and repletion of any electrolyte or hematologic abnormalities.
Hypoglycemia in newborns
- Newborns are at risk of hypoglycemia in the first few days of life as glucose levels fall after birth and then rise again. Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL or 50 mg/dL for preterm infants. Infants at high risk include those with low birth weight, prematurity, or other conditions.
- Symptomatic hypoglycemia can cause issues like tremors, apnea or seizures while asymptomatic hypoglycemia may not show symptoms. Treatment depends on whether hypoglycemia is symptomatic or asymptomatic and may involve oral feeds, IV dextrose solutions or other medications in more severe cases. Screening protocols are recommended for at-risk infants to monitor
Diabetes Mellitus in children for medical students
This document defines type 1 diabetes, discusses its epidemiology, diagnosis, etiology, physiology, presentation, investigations, management, treatment, and complications. The key points are:
- Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting from insulin deficiency. It peaks in children aged 5-7 and during puberty.
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms plus random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL or fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL.
- Management requires a team approach including specialists, nurses, dietitians, and psychologists. Treatment involves insulin administration and nutrition management.
- Presentations include diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia. Investigations include blood glucose, HbA1c
Neonatal hypoglycemia
Neonatal hypoglycemia can be caused by inadequate substrate in small or preterm infants, relative hyperinsulinemia in infants of diabetic mothers or large babies, or sickness. Symptoms range from none to seizures or coma. High risk infants should be screened for blood glucose levels, with intervention if levels drop below thresholds. Asymptomatic infants with levels over 20mg/dL can be treated with frequent feeding and monitoring, while symptomatic infants receive IV glucose. Hypoglycemia management may also include medical treatments like hydrocortisone or diazoxide. Persistent cases require identifying underlying causes through additional laboratory tests and treatments.
Neonatal hypoglycemia
The document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia, including:
1. Hypoglycemia is common in newborns, especially sick ones, as they transition from receiving glucose from the placenta.
2. The brain relies heavily on steady glucose, so low blood sugar can impact brain development if not addressed.
3. At-risk newborns include preterms, SGA, LGA, those with infections or perinatal stressors.
4. Treatment involves monitoring blood sugar based on risk level and intervening with oral or IV glucose if levels dip below thresholds.
Hypoglycaemia in newborns- Dr. Sankha Jayasinghe
Described in detail how to evaluate neonatal hypoglycaemia, when to evaluate, how to treat, and the outcome of neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Eclampsia preeclampsia
1) Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of pregnancies and are a leading cause of maternal mortality. They include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and chronic hypertension.
2) Preeclampsia is defined as new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It is caused by abnormal placentation leading to endothelial dysfunction and multi-organ involvement.
3) Women with signs of severe preeclampsia such as severe headaches, visual disturbances, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, or impaired liver or kidney function require delivery, usually between 34-37 weeks of gestation. Strict maternal and fetal monitoring is necessary for management.
Neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is a condition in newborns marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood, causing yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. Bilirubin levels are often higher in neonates due to increased red blood cell breakdown, liver immaturity, and bacterial colonization. Without treatment, hyperbilirubinemia can cause permanent brain damage known as kernicterus. Proper monitoring and treatment is important to prevent dangerous bilirubin levels in newborns.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
This document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia, including definitions, risks, screening and management. Key points:
- Hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality and neurological impairments if untreated.
- Risks include prematurity, IUGR, infant of diabetic mother. Screen high risk babies within 1 hour of life and all others at 3-4 hours.
- Treatment includes feeding every 3 hours, IV glucose if needed. Persistent hypoglycemia may indicate underlying metabolic disorders requiring further testing and management.
- Long term studies are still needed to better understand outcomes of treated vs untreated neonatal hypoglycemia in developing countries.
Neonatal hypoglycemia
The document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia, including its definition, symptoms, risk factors, treatment, and monitoring. Some key points:
- Neonatal hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below certain thresholds in the first 24 hours and thereafter. It is a common problem in newborns.
- Babies at higher risk include preterms, those of diabetic mothers, or experiencing other stresses. Symptoms can be nonspecific.
- Treatment involves glucose administration via IV bolus or infusion to raise blood glucose to the normal range. Frequent monitoring is needed until levels stabilize.
- Persistent or resistant hypoglycemia may require additional drugs or referral to a specialist to investigate underlying
Idm full
A male infant was delivered via elective C-section at 36 weeks and 5 days gestation due to the mother's history of two previous C-sections. The infant presented with hypoglycemia which is common in infants of diabetic mothers. The infant was admitted to the NICU for monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia, including intravenous fluids and corticosteroids. After several days of blood sugar monitoring and treatment, the infant's blood sugars stabilized and he was discharged.
Gestational diabetes mellitus by sushant
This document discusses gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It defines GDM as carbohydrate intolerance that is recognized or begins during pregnancy. The document discusses the types, risk factors, pathophysiology, screening recommendations, and classifications of diabetes in pregnancy according to White's groups. It notes that GDM occurs in about 7% of pregnancies globally and prevalence varies between racial/ethnic groups and countries. Screening is recommended between 24-28 weeks of gestation using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
This document discusses neonatal hypoglycemia. It begins by defining hypoglycemia in newborns as a blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL, regardless of symptoms. The main causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include increased glucose utilization due to conditions like hyperinsulinism in infants of diabetic mothers, decreased glucose production due to prematurity or IUGR, or increased utilization combined with decreased production due to perinatal stress. Symptoms of hypoglycemia are non-specific. Management involves prevention by screening at-risk babies, treatment with IV dextrose or adjunctive therapies like glucagon or hydrocortisone if needed, and evaluating for underlying causes if hypoglycemia is persistent or recurrent. Prolong
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. It defines diabetes in pregnancy and gestational diabetes, and discusses their incidence rates. It describes the screening, diagnosis, and management of diabetes in pregnancy. The document outlines the maternal and fetal effects of diabetes during pregnancy and notes increased risks of complications. It emphasizes the importance of glucose monitoring and medical nutrition therapy in managing diabetes in pregnancy.
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Meconium aspiration syndrome is a respiratory condition in newborns who pass meconium in the amniotic fluid before delivery. It occurs when meconium is aspirated or inhaled into the lungs around birth. Risk factors include post-term pregnancy or maternal health conditions. Clinically, affected infants have respiratory distress. Management involves suctioning meconium from the airways, providing respiratory support, antibiotics, and other organ system support. Outcomes range from full recovery to complications like chronic lung disease.
Dka management in children
This document discusses diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), providing definitions, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and management approach. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis due to insulin deficiency. It is most commonly seen in type 1 diabetics and can be life-threatening. The document outlines treatment involving fluid replacement, insulin administration, electrolyte replacement, and addressing underlying causes such as infection. Complications discussed include cerebral edema, which has high mortality. Careful management is needed to safely resolve DKA and prevent complications.
Epilepsy in pregnancy
Epilepsy is caused by excessive electrical discharge in the brain and can cause seizures. It affects around 0.5-1% of pregnant women. Babies of mothers with epilepsy have a higher risk of birth defects, growth issues, and stillbirth. The risk of a baby developing epilepsy is also four times higher. During pregnancy, treatment involves low-dose monotherapy and monitoring for issues. Management of labor and delivery includes seizure precautions and monitoring anti-seizure drug levels. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated for mothers with epilepsy.
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Diabetes Mellitus in children for medical students
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Infant of diabetic mother
Gestational diabetes can cause complications in infants due to hyperglycemia transferring through the placenta. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at risk for birth defects if hyperglycemia occurs early in pregnancy during organ development. Later hyperglycemia increases risks for macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and other issues. IDMs require careful monitoring and treatment of potential complications in the neonatal period such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress, and cardiomyopathy. Long term, IDMs have increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and developmental or cognitive delays.
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The document discusses several concurrent diseases that can occur during pregnancy including cardiac diseases, hematologic disorders, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and hypertensive disorders. It provides details on the pathophysiology, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and management for each condition. Pregnancy places additional strain on the cardiovascular system and can exacerbate preexisting cardiac issues. Several anemias are also discussed including iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, and sickle cell anemia. Close monitoring and supplementation is important for management. Diabetes and gestational diabetes require strict glucose control to prevent complications. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy like preeclampsia can threaten both mother and baby if not properly treated.
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Neonatal Cholestasis
A case of a 3 month old boy with jaundice and pale stool is presented. On examination, he was icteric with hepatomegaly but no other abnormalities. Laboratory tests found direct hyperbilirubinemia. The objectives of the discussion are to understand neonatal cholestasis, evaluate cases, understand the differential diagnosis, and discuss treatment options. Neonatal cholestasis is prolonged conjugated hyperbilirubinemia beyond the first 14 days of life. Causes include extrahepatic conditions like biliary atresia or intrahepatic conditions like idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. Evaluation and management aim to identify treatable causes and prevent progression of liver disease.
Eclampsia
The document discusses hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which are a leading cause of maternal mortality. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria developing after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, which involves seizures. Risk factors include nulliparity, obesity, and family history. Symptoms include headaches and visual changes. Complications affect both mother and baby. Treatment involves controlling blood pressure, delivering the baby, and administering magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures.
pre-eclampsia
This document summarizes preeclampsia, including its classification, etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, complications, prevention, and conclusion. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. It remains a leading cause of maternal and infant mortality. The pathophysiology involves poor placentation leading to placental ischemia and release of factors causing maternal endothelial dysfunction. Risk factors include previous preeclampsia, age under 18 or over 40, family history, chronic hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms may include edema, headaches and nausea. Complications can include eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, stroke and death. Prevention focuses on delivery, and treatment involves blood pressure management
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This document discusses hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. It defines the conditions and describes their typical symptoms of hypertension, edema, and protein in the urine. The pathophysiology involves vasoconstriction, endothelial damage, and increased capillary permeability. Management involves medications to lower blood pressure like magnesium sulfate and antihypertensives. Close monitoring of the mother and fetus is needed to watch for complications that could require early delivery.
Acls
This document discusses the classification, diagnosis, risk factors, pathophysiology, management, and complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. It classifies the hypertensive disorders and defines the criteria for each. It covers the potential risk factors, proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, and maternal and fetal effects. The document provides guidelines on evaluation and management of the hypertension and seizure prophylaxis. It also discusses magnesium sulfate use and monitoring for eclampsia prevention and treatment.
Hypertaension dis ordeer in pregnancy
Objectives
Describe hypertension disorder in pregnancy
•Discuss complication of hypertension disorder
•Administer right anesthetic management to
hypertensive mother
(Eng) pregnancy induced hypertension (1)
1) Pregnancy induced hypertension complicates 5-10% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal mortality. It includes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension.
2) Preeclampsia is diagnosed when a woman develops high blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Symptoms can include headaches, abdominal pain, and vision changes.
3) Management of mild preeclampsia involves outpatient monitoring while management of severe preeclampsia requires hospitalization, magnesium sulfate treatment, and sometimes antihypertensive drugs. Delivery is the definitive treatment when the condition becomes severe or the pregnancy reaches term.
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04_Modern problems of pregnancy induced hypertension-2019.pptx
1. Gestoses and hypertensive disorders are common and serious conditions in obstetrics that can cause morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus.
2. The document discusses various classifications of gestational problems including early pregnancy issues like ptyalism (excessive salivation), nausea, vomiting, and rare forms like hyperemesis gravidarum. It also covers pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia and their risk factors and pathophysiology.
3. Diagnosis and management of conditions like gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are outlined, including diagnostic criteria, symptoms, laboratory abnormalities and tests. Complications and maternal and fetal monitoring are also addressed.
Diabetes in pregnancy
This document discusses diabetes in pregnancy. It defines pre-gestational diabetes as diabetes diagnosed prior to pregnancy, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, while gestational diabetes is diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy. The document outlines the classification systems for diabetes and examines the effects of both pre-gestational and gestational diabetes on the mother and fetus, including increased risks of fetal anomalies, preterm birth, macrosomia, and hypoglycemia.
Anemia ppt
Anemia is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. It can be caused by insufficient iron, vitamin B12, or folate intake; blood loss; or impaired red blood cell production. Dietary management of anemia focuses on improving intake of iron, vitamin B12, and folate through foods or supplements. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplementation, changes to diet, and treating the primary condition causing the anemia.
Gestational diabetes
This document discusses gestational diabetes, including its definition, risk factors, screening and diagnostic tests, complications, management, and delivery considerations. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to insufficient insulin production or action. It is characterized by high blood glucose and poses risks to both mother and baby if not properly managed through careful monitoring, medical nutrition therapy, exercise, and possibly insulin treatment. The goal of management is to maintain normal blood glucose levels and reduce complications.
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Infant of diabetic mother
- 2. insights Introduction Pathophysiology Complications Management 12/08/2021 Infant of diabetic mother 2
- 3. Introduction An infant that was born to a mother who persistently had high glucose blood levels during pregnancy. 3 abnormal glucose control of pregnancy Mothers with preexisting diabetes
- 4. 12/08/2021 4 pathophysiology Fetus exposed to high blood glucose from mother Beta cell hyperplasi a in fetus Increased insulin Fetal hypogl ycemia MACROSOMIA Diabetic mother Vasculopa thy in placental vessels Decreased circulation and nutrition to fetus IUGR
- 5. Complications 5 • Macrosomia • Hypoglycemia • Hypocalcemia • Hypomagnesemia • Respiratory distress syndrome • Hypoxia → Polycythemia → Thrombotic episodes • Jaundice • Decreased Iron
- 6. Congenital anomalies Cardiovascular system (most commonly affected) Ventricular septal defects (most common) Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy or asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (more specific for IDM) Transposition of great vessels Other anomalies • Sacral agenesis → caudal agenesis syndrome (most specific for IDM) • Anencephaly • Spina bifida • Lazy left colon syndrome→Appears as pseudo obstruction • Neural tube defects 6
- 7. Management in neonate Investigations •Blood sugar level monitoring (first 48 hours) •CBC •CXR •Serum bilirubin, calcium, magnesium •Vertebral radiography •Barium enema 12/08/2021 7
- 8. AIIMS NICU Protocol for management of neonatal hypoglycemia 12/08/2021 8 Symptomatic Asymptomatic 10% dextrose bolus 2ml/kg Blood glucose level <20mg/dl Blood glucose level 20-45mg/dl Glucose drip Glucose Infusion rate 6mg/kg/min • Breast feeds • Reassess after one hour If no response – increase glucose infusion rate to 12mg/kg/min If still no response – IM glucagon or diazoxide
- 9. The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing. 9 Walt Disney Thank you