This document discusses the role of data, information, and knowledge in future organizations under Industry 4.0. It explains that data is a valuable resource that can provide competitive advantages when analyzed and used to generate information and knowledge. Organizations are accumulating vast amounts of data through digital technologies and cloud computing. When harnessed and shared effectively within networks, this data can be used to automate decisions, processes, and create new business models and services through human-machine collaboration in the knowledge cloud.

1. Industry 4.0
MODULE 4 ; Role of Data, Information, Knowledge & Collaboration in
Future Organizations
SHABANA ASHRAF
ERP #07843

2. Introduction:
1. How people actually make use of data and derive information, and ultimately knowledge to
support for example, automated decision making, automated processes as well as other types of
gains
2. Important concept of data, its relevancy, the different types of data
3. How knowledge can be derived from data
4. Advancement of cloud computing

3. Resource-Based View of a Firm:
The resource based view argues that firms possess resources, and appropriate use of valuable
and rare resources will lead to competitive advantage and, if a firm can protect against resource
imitation, substitution or transfer, the competitive advantage can even be sustained over a long
period.
Some typical resources possess by an organization
1. Physical Assets
2. Processes
3. Cash and other type of Equity
4. Software & Data
5. Networks

4. The VRIO Framework:
V • Value
R • Rarity
I • Imitability
O • Organization
People Data

5. The Preciousness & Importance of Data
Wisdom
Knowledge
Information
Data
Noise

6. Data as a new Resource for Organizations
Accelerated Growth of Data
1. Back in 2012, about 2.5 exabytes were created every day
2. One exabyte is more than 4,000 times the information stored by the whole Library of US Congress
Consideration for Applications Involving Data Driven Decisions:
1. What type of data to collect?
2. Which part to analyse?
3. Are processors and algorithms fast enough to perform the analysis?
4. How to trade off speed with accuracy?

7. Perceived Usefulness of Data:
some industries because of various reasons, they could be behind in terms of adopting this kind of data to derive new
applications e.g.
1. Art, Entertainment & Recreation
2. Government
3. Educational Institutions
where in some other industries because of the inherent nature, their characteristics, they are already ahead in terms of
the ease of leveraging these data to generate, for example new business model, product and services in an Industry 4.0
world. Industries which can Benefit from Big Data;
1. Manufacturing
2. Utility

8. Harnessing & Sharing Knowledge In Future Organizations:
Method Description Example
Socialization Transfer of tacit knowledge from one individual
to another
Training On the Job
Externalization Conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit
knowledge
“Lessons-Learned” Document
Internalization
Conversion of explicit knowledge into
Tacit Knowledge
Reading an experience report and
expanding it with own experience
Combination
Usage of existing explicit knowledge
To generate new explicit knowledge
Participation of knowledge to generate
new information

9. Cloud Computing:
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction”
Characteristics of Cloud:
1. On-demand and self-service
2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling (location independent)
4. Rapid elasticity
5. Agility
6. Measured service (& mostly post-pay)
Case Study : Animoto’s Use of an Elastic Cloud
Cloud
Computers
Data
People

10. Transformational Effect of the Cloud:
9% is a fad that
will die
13% will
transform
business
32% is a
cheaper
substitute
46% Will Enable
organisations to do
business more
quickly
Source: Accenture survey of 669 IT Decision Makers

11. Types of Connections in a Cloud:
1. Machine to Machine
2. People to Machine
3. People to People
70 billions connections & 1/3 of consumer digital content in the cloud by 2020 & 2016
respectively

12. The Knowledge Cloud:
1. Build communities for problem solving
2. Utilize social media for marketing
3. Explore & build new business models
4. Execute strategies at low risk & in real time
5. Deliver Personalized services
6. Engage in social & lifelong learning

13. Human-machine Co-operative Problem Solving
Humans to
Solve
Human-Computer
Cooperative
Problem Solving
Computational
Solution
HK Venture Capitalist adds a robot to its board , Amazon
Mechanical Turk , Recaptcha (Human-assisted inexact matching)

14. Future of Cloud Services:
1. Community building
2. Analytics
3. Data & Information sourcing
4. Quality Assessment, benchmarking
5. Referral, network building & expansion
6. Problem solving
7. Competition