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Introduction
to
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
OSH Act of 1970
 The purpose of the OSH Act is to
“assure so far as possible every working,
man and woman in the nation safe and
healthful working conditions and to
preserve our human resources.”
Environmental
Factors or Stresses
Chemical hazards
– gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, and smoke
Physical hazards
– non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise,
vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures
Environmental
Factors or Stresses
Ergonomic hazards
– workstation design, repetitive motion, improper
lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions
Biological hazards
– insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses
Routes of Entry
Inhalation
– airborne contaminants
Absorption
– penetration through the skin
Ingestion
– eating
– drinking
OSHA Hierarchy of Control
Engineering controls
Work practice controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Types of Exposure
Acute
– Short term period between exposure and onset
of symptoms
Chronic
– Long time period between exposure to an agent
and the onset of symptoms
Types of Air Contaminants
Particulates
– dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers
– non respirable particles
Types of Air Contaminants
Fumes
– volatilized solids condenses in cool air
– hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxide
Mists
– suspended solid droplets
– generated by a condensation of liquids from a
vapors to a liquid state
Types of Air Contaminants
Fibers
– solid, slender, elongated structures
– length several times the diameter
Gases
– formless fluids that expand to occupy a space
• arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air
 Vapors
– liquid changed to vapor
• organic solvents
Exposure Limits
Air Contaminants
OSHA
– Occupational Safety and Health Administration
NIOSH
– National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health
ACGIH
– American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists
Exposure Limits
Air Contaminants
OSHA
– PEL
• permissible exposure limit
NIOSH
– REL
• recommended exposure level
ACGIH
– TLV
• threshold limit value
Exposure Limits
Air Contaminants
OSHA
– PEL, STEL, Ceiling
NIOSH
– TWA, STEL, Ceiling
ACGIH
– TWA, STEL, Ceiling
Exposure Limits
Air Contaminants
TWA
– takes into account variable exposure through a full
shift, 8 hour work day
STEL
– limit of exposure during a short period, 15 minutes
CEILING
– absolute maximum level of exposure not to be
exceeded
Exposure Limits
Air Contaminants
Legally enforceable
– OSHA PEL
– OSHA AL (action level)
Hearing Conservation
2.9 million workers experience 8-hours
noise exposures > 90 bBA
29 CFR 1910.95
– PEL
• 90 dBA
• 8 hours
• engineering and administrative controls
Hearing Conservation Program
An effective program depends upon
– employers
– supervisors
– employees
– others
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens include
– Hepatitis B
– HIV
– Others
29 CFR 1910.1030
– describes actions employers must take to
reduce risk of exposure in the workplace
Bloodborne Pathogens
29 CFR 1910.1030
– Scope and application
• all employees with occupational exposure to blood
and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
– Exposure control plan (ECP)
Bloodborne Pathogens
29 CFR 1910.1030 - ECP
– engineering and work practice controls
– personal protective equipment
– training
– medical surveillance
– Hepatitis B vaccinations
– signs and labels
– other provisions
Industrial Hygiene
 ANTICIPATION
 RECOGNITION
 EVALUATION
 CONTROL

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Industrial_Hygiene_1.ppt

  • 2. OSH Act of 1970  The purpose of the OSH Act is to “assure so far as possible every working, man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.”
  • 3. Environmental Factors or Stresses Chemical hazards – gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, and smoke Physical hazards – non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures
  • 4. Environmental Factors or Stresses Ergonomic hazards – workstation design, repetitive motion, improper lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions Biological hazards – insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses
  • 5. Routes of Entry Inhalation – airborne contaminants Absorption – penetration through the skin Ingestion – eating – drinking
  • 6. OSHA Hierarchy of Control Engineering controls Work practice controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • 7. Types of Exposure Acute – Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms Chronic – Long time period between exposure to an agent and the onset of symptoms
  • 8. Types of Air Contaminants Particulates – dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers – non respirable particles
  • 9. Types of Air Contaminants Fumes – volatilized solids condenses in cool air – hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxide Mists – suspended solid droplets – generated by a condensation of liquids from a vapors to a liquid state
  • 10. Types of Air Contaminants Fibers – solid, slender, elongated structures – length several times the diameter Gases – formless fluids that expand to occupy a space • arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air  Vapors – liquid changed to vapor • organic solvents
  • 11. Exposure Limits Air Contaminants OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration NIOSH – National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health ACGIH – American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
  • 12. Exposure Limits Air Contaminants OSHA – PEL • permissible exposure limit NIOSH – REL • recommended exposure level ACGIH – TLV • threshold limit value
  • 13. Exposure Limits Air Contaminants OSHA – PEL, STEL, Ceiling NIOSH – TWA, STEL, Ceiling ACGIH – TWA, STEL, Ceiling
  • 14. Exposure Limits Air Contaminants TWA – takes into account variable exposure through a full shift, 8 hour work day STEL – limit of exposure during a short period, 15 minutes CEILING – absolute maximum level of exposure not to be exceeded
  • 15. Exposure Limits Air Contaminants Legally enforceable – OSHA PEL – OSHA AL (action level)
  • 16. Hearing Conservation 2.9 million workers experience 8-hours noise exposures > 90 bBA 29 CFR 1910.95 – PEL • 90 dBA • 8 hours • engineering and administrative controls
  • 17. Hearing Conservation Program An effective program depends upon – employers – supervisors – employees – others
  • 18. Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne pathogens include – Hepatitis B – HIV – Others 29 CFR 1910.1030 – describes actions employers must take to reduce risk of exposure in the workplace
  • 19. Bloodborne Pathogens 29 CFR 1910.1030 – Scope and application • all employees with occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) – Exposure control plan (ECP)
  • 20. Bloodborne Pathogens 29 CFR 1910.1030 - ECP – engineering and work practice controls – personal protective equipment – training – medical surveillance – Hepatitis B vaccinations – signs and labels – other provisions
  • 21. Industrial Hygiene  ANTICIPATION  RECOGNITION  EVALUATION  CONTROL