Individual differences play an important role in language learning that should not be neglected. Models of second language acquisition consider the effect of individual variables, such as age, intelligence, motivation, and attitude, as well as social and contextual variables. Younger learners may have better pronunciation while older learners progress faster, and a positive attitude and high motivation can contribute to more successful language acquisition. While the impact of individual factors is complex and not definitive, most research shows they significantly influence language learning outcomes.
Teaching English as a foreign language is a very complex process that requires special methods and techniques. This source can you to conduct fruitful lessons and have desired result.
Teaching English as a foreign language is a very complex process that requires special methods and techniques. This source can you to conduct fruitful lessons and have desired result.
Hi There, please kindly use my PPT for powering your learning, please let me know if you want to discuss more. Email : silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
2. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND CALL
It has been indicated that individual
differences play an important role in
language teaching and learning
should not be neglected
3. MODELS OF SLA AND THEIR VARIABLES
INDIVIDUAL OUTCOMES
DISTINGUISHES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL- ASSUMES AN
RELATED VARIABLES AND OTHER INTERRELATIONSHIP
VARIABLES
Eg, social (environmental) variables, BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL
contextual variables VARIABLES
And regards their effect as independent
Of one another
(the ‘Good Language Learner model,
monitor theory model, framework and
Levin’s schematic model)
4. The ‘Good Language Learner’ model
(proposed by Naiman et al (1978)
Three independent variables (teaching, learner, context & Two dependent variables
(learning, outcomes)
TEACHING
MATERIALS
SYLLABUS
METHODOLOGY
THE LEARNERS
RESOURCES
THE LEARNERS Proficiency
Unconscious processes -listening
AGE -generalisation
INTELLIGENCE
-speakin
APTITUDE -transfer -reading
MOTIVATION -simplification -writing
ATTITUDE Errors
PERSONALITY
COGNITIVE STYLE
Conscious processes Interlanguage
-strategies Active reasons
THE CONTEXT
EFL/ESL
OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE
SOCIAL MILIEU
5. MONITOR THEORY
The monitor theory consists of five hypotheses.
(Krashen et al)
(1)The acquisition-learning hypothesis
(2)The natural order hypothesis
(3)The monitor hypothesis
(4)The input hypothesis
(5)The affective filter hypothesis
The affective filter hypothesis is the most relevant as
the source of learner-related output variation.
6. THE MONITOR THEORY
M
I O
O
N U
N
P Affective Cognitive T
U I
Filter Organisers P
T T
U
O
T
R
The affective filter is a major source of variation; the success of language learning varies depending on
several factors embraced within the affective filter such as attitude, motivation, self-confidence and/or
anxiety this theory postulates that the affective filter may cause the quality of acquisition to be higher or
lower
7. BROWN AND FRASER’S FRAMEWORK (1979)
Situation
Scene Participants
Individuals Relationship
Setting (eg Purpose (eg,
Bystandars, between
Buying,lectu
locale and individuals (eg,
ring or
time Shared
playing a Indidual as knowledge,
game Individual qua member of a power
individual (eg, social
Personality, category (eg,
attitude Class,
ethnicity
8. BROWN & FRASER’S FRAMEWORK
Examines how individual situational variables
affect language choice
9. LEVIN’S SCHEMATIC MODEL
FOCUS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN OUTPUT
PROPOSES TWO MAJOR STAGES: DIAGNOSTIC &
PRESCRIPTIVE
HIS MODEL FOCUSED TWO VARIABLES: INPUT &
OUTPUT
“Input variables refer to variables that differentiate
between learners in terms of the traits, abilities, and
prerequisites that are related to successful output-
task performance” (Levin: 1977:29)
10. GARDNER’S EDUCATIONAL MODEL
Gardner’s schematic representation of the theoretical model
Social milieu Individual differences Social milieu Social milieu
Intelligence
Formal
language
Language
training
aptitude Linguistic
Cultural bebief
Motivation
Informal Nonlinguistic
language
training
Situational
anxiety
11. Gardner’s operational formulation of the socio-educational model
integrativeness
Formal
Cultural Linguistic
belief motivation
Attitude
towards the Informal
learning
situations Nonlinguistic
Language
aptitude
12. Skehan’s influences on language learning (1989)
Classrooms and material The learner
Intelligence
Aptitude
Material Motivation
Syllabus Attitude
Methodology Personality
Resorces Cognitive style
Organisation
-structuring
-explicitiveness
Responsiveness Oppotunities for target
-appropriateness of language use Learning Outcome
pacing Access to NS
-individualisation Proficiency
-in class Conscious Errors
-feedback provision -out of class strategies fossilisation
Opportunities for Affective
comunication Unconscious outcome
Social context language use strategies
Expectation of Opportunities for
bilingualism negotiation
Relationship to target
language community
Attitude to target
language
Social class
13. Spolky’s model of SLA
Social context
Leads to
Social context
which appear in the learner as
Motivation
which joins with other personal
chracteristics as
Previous
Age Personality Capabilities knowledge
all of which explain the use the learner makes
of the available
the interplay between learner and
s
Learning opportunities situation determining
t
Linguistic and non-linguistic
outcomes for the learners
14. FIVE FEATURES OF SPOLSKY’S MODEL
1. Combining in a single theory all aspects of SL/FL learning
unabashed immodesty.
2. A restriction to the specific domain of SL learning and focus on
individual differences.
3. An assumption that “all many parts (variables) of the model
apply to specific kind of learning, and that there is a close
interaction among various parts (variables) of the model.
4. A spirit of eclectisism seems to underlie Spolsky’s model.
5. The model recognises the importance and existence of ‘social
context’ as an important domain affecting learning outcomes.
15. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
AGE : older children (11-15) perform better in
production of correct morphology and syntax, and
younger children (6-10) possess better English
pronunciation (Fathman: 1975).
Krashen et al (1979) conclude that (1) adults proceed
through early stages of syntactic and morphological
development faster than children,(2) older children
acquire faster than younger children, (3) acquirers who
begin natural exposure to SL during childhood generally
achieve higher SL proficiency than those beginning
adults.
16. ATTITUDE: A student who has a negative attitude
toward learning a target language is not normally,
interested in following a lesson or program. Successful
SL acquisition may depend on the attitude that a
language learner brings to the situation (Henning:
1983). According to Randhawa and Korpan (1973),
there are four classifications of attitude: (1) utilitarian,
attitude related to usefulness of learning,(2)
aestheticism, attitude related to the appreciation of
the language, (3) tolerance, attitude reflecting an
accepting attitude rather than any direct positive
orientation toward learning, (4) specific factor,
attitude related to specific, normally single item.
17. MOTIVATION:Motivation is the extent to which learners
make choicec about (a) goal to pursue and (b) the effort
they devote to that pursuit(Brown:1994)
Three points to be noted : (1) the nature of the source of
stimulation, (2) the strength of the intention of doing
something to achieve a goal, (3) the nature of the goal or
goals.
INTELLIGENCE: IQ as a variable in language learning context
is still worthwhile, but not a variable in isolation (Spolsky:
1989)
LERNING APTITUDE
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
FAMILIARITY WITH COMPUTERS
INTERACTION WITH NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH
LANGUAGE USED FOR INTERACTION WITH COMMUNITY
18. CONCLUSION
Despite the fact that not all studies on the
relationship between individual-related
variables and language learning achievement
have revealed similar findings, the majority
of studies indicate that these variables
significantly affect language learning
achievement
19. THANK YOU
DANK U
SUWUN
SYUKRON
HATUR NUHUN
TERIMAKASIH